Question 1

An older adult with a history of asthma, rhinitis, and no known drug allergies has been admitted to receive IV antimicrobial therapy for bronchitis. The patient has received the oral form of the antimicrobial agent in the past. Which factors increase the risk for an allergic reaction? (Select all that apply.)

A) Medical history of asthma
B) The patient's age
C) IV antimicrobial therapy
D) Medical history of rhinitis
E) Subsequent use of the same antimicrobial therapy

Medical history of asthma
Medical history of rhinitis
Subsequent use of the same antimicrobial therapy

Accepted Answer

Medical history of asthma&#10;Medical history of rhinitis&#10;Subsequent use of the same antimicrobial therapy

Question 2

A patient is scheduled to take tetracycline and aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel) at the same time. When will the nurse administer the medications to achieve the optimal effects?&#10;A) Both medications together&#10;B) Amphojel 30 minutes before tetracycline&#10;C) Tetracycline with orange juice&#10;D) Tetracycline 1 hour before Amphojel

Accepted Answer

Tetracycline should be administered 1 hour before taking aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel) to avoid decreased absorption of tetracycline. Taking tetracycline with orange juice is also not recommended as it may decrease its absorption. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 3

On what is the selection of an antimicrobial agent based?&#10;A) Sensitivity of the microorganism to the drug&#10;B) Half-life of the medication&#10;C) Therapeutic levels of the drug&#10;D) Bioavailability of the drug

Accepted Answer

The selection of an antimicrobial agent is mainly based on the sensitivity of the microorganism to the drug, as determined by laboratory testing. Factors such as the half-life, therapeutic levels, and bioavailability of the drug may also be considered, but the primary factor is the sensitivity of the microorganism to the drug.

Question 4

A patient is admitted with glomerulonephritis. IV gentamicin therapy is started after cultures indicate gram-negative bacilli in the blood. The patient also receives IV furosemide (Lasix). The nurse will monitor for signs and symptoms of toxicity related to which organ?

A) Kidneys
B) Pancreas
C) Liver
D) Brain

Accepted Answer

Both gentamicin and furosemide can be nephrotoxic, meaning they can cause damage to the kidneys. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the patient for signs of kidney damage or toxicity, such as decreased urine output, elevated creatinine levels, or flank pain. The other organs listed (pancreas, liver, and brain) are not typically associated with toxicity from these medications.

Question 5

A patient has been receiving home health care and IV antimicrobial therapy for osteomyelitis (infection of the bone) of the lower right leg for the past 4 weeks. What will the nurse assess to evaluate the effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent? (Select all that apply.)

A) Pain of the right leg
B) Patient temperature
C) Presence of edema, redness, or swelling in the right lower leg
D) Culture and sensitivity parameters at the drug completion
E) CBC and sedimentation rate laboratory values

Accepted Answer

The nurse will assess pain, temperature, and signs of inflammation (edema, redness, swelling) to evaluate the effectiveness of the antimicrobial therapy. Additionally, CBC and sedimentation rate can indicate the presence of infection or inflammation. Culture and sensitivity are typically assessed before starting treatment to guide therapy, not after completion.

Question 6

Which drugs may reach toxic blood levels if administered with macrolide antibiotics? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Benzodiazepines&#10;B) Digoxin&#10;C) NSAIDs&#10;D) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors&#10;E) Diuretics&#10;F) Theophylline

Accepted Answer

Macrolide antibiotics may inhibit the metabolism of benzodiazepines, digoxin, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, and theophylline, causing accumulation and potential toxicity.NSAIDs and diuretics are not inhibited by macrolide antibiotics.

Question 7

Which conditions may occur with the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics over an extended period of time?&#10;A) Cross-sensitivity&#10;B) Immunosuppression&#10;C) Secondary infection&#10;D) Immunity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which conditions may occur with the administration...

Question 8

The health care provider has prescribed penicillin and probenecid for a patient with a sexually transmitted disease. What is the purpose of combining these medications?&#10;A) To accelerate the excretion of the penicillin&#10;B) To inhibit the absorption of penicillin to allow the drug to remain in the transport phase&#10;C) To inhibit the excretion of the penicillin&#10;D) To reduce toxic effects associated with penicillin

Accepted Answer

Probenecid is used in combination with penicillin to inhibit the excretion of penicillin by the kidneys, thereby increasing penicillin levels in the blood and extending its action.

Question 9

Which drug is incompatible with heparin?&#10;A) Gentamicin&#10;B) Ampicillin (Unasyn)&#10;C) Ticarcillin (Timentin)&#10;D) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Accepted Answer

Gentamicin is incompatible with heparin, as they can form a complex that reduces the effectiveness of both drugs. Therefore, it is not recommended to mix these two drugs in the same solution or administer them at the same time through the same IV line.

Question 10

The nurse will monitor patients on cephalosporins and loop diuretics for which adverse effect?&#10;A) Hepatic toxicity&#10;B) Ototoxicity&#10;C) Nephrotoxicity&#10;D) Splenotoxicity

Accepted Answer

Cephalosporins and loop diuretics can both cause nephrotoxicity, so the nurse should monitor for any signs of kidney damage such as decreased urine output or elevated creatinine levels. Hepatic toxicity, ototoxicity, and splenotoxicity are not commonly associated with these medications.

Question 11

A patient allergic to penicillin is being evaluated for a gram-negative infection. Which antimicrobial drug class would the health care provider be cautious in prescribing because of a possible cross-sensitivity and/or allergic reaction?

A) Cephalosporins
B) Aminoglycosides
C) Sulfonamides
D) Quinolones

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient allergic to penicillin is being...

Question 12

What adverse effect may manifest as dizziness, tinnitus, and progressive hearing loss?&#10;A) Ear infection&#10;B) Drug allergy&#10;C) Ototoxicity&#10;D) Idiosyncratic reaction

Accepted Answer

The answer of What adverse effect may manifest as dizziness,...

Question 13

Which drug is the cornerstone of treatment for prophylaxis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB)?&#10;A) Amphotericin B (Abelcet)&#10;B) Streptomycin (Streptomycin)&#10;C) Isoniazid (Nydrazid)&#10;D) Acyclovir (Zovirax)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which drug is the cornerstone of treatment...

Question 14

A patient indicates during the nursing assessment that he is currently taking zidovudine (Retrovir). For which condition is the patient being treated?&#10;A) Influenza A&#10;B) HIV infection&#10;C) Tuberculosis&#10;D) Herpes simplex

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient indicates during the nursing assessment...

Question 15

An older adult who has septicemia is receiving IV aminoglycoside therapy. Which symptom is most important for the nurse to monitor?&#10;A) Bone marrow suppression&#10;B) Ototoxicity&#10;C) Gastrointestinal distress&#10;D) Photosensitivity

Accepted Answer

The answer of An older adult who has septicemia is...

Deck 46: Antimicrobial Agents