Deck 24: Carbon: Not Just Another Element

Question 1

Which of the following structural formulas contains an error?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 1

Question 2

Which one of the following statements concerning isomers is INCORRECT?

A) Pairs of nonsuperimposable molecules are called enantiomers.
B) Enantiomers have identical melting and boiling points.
C) Molecules with two or more geometric isomers are termed chiral pairs.
D) Optical isomers rotate polarized light in opposite directions.
E) Structural isomers have the same composition,but the atoms are linked in different ways.

Answer 2

Molecules with two or more geometric isomers are termed chiral pairs.

Question 3

Which of the following statements concerning isomers is/are correct?
1)Two types of stereoisomers exist: geometric isomers and optical isomers.
2)Optical isomers are molecules with nonsuperimposable mirror images.
3)Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH)and dimethyl ether (CH₃OCH₃)are examples of geometric isomers.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2
E) 1,2,and 3

Answer 3

1 and 2

Question 4

Which of the following molecules might be a cycloalkane?

A) C₃H₄
B) C₄H₁₀
C) C₅H₁₂
D) C₆H₁₀
E) C₇H₁₄

Question 5

Which of the following statements concerning structural isomers is/are correct?
1)Structural isomers have the same elemental composition,but the atoms are linked in different ways.
2)Structural isomers have identical physical properties,but different chemical properties.
3)Structural isomers have identical structures,but contain different isotopes of the same elements.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2
E) 1,2,and 3

Question 6

What is the molecular formula for heptane?

A) C₆H₁₂
B) C₆H₁₄
C) C₇H₁₄
D) C₇H₁₆
E) C₉H₂₀

Question 7

Which one of the following formulas could represent an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A) C₂H₆
B) C₃H₈
C) C₄H₁₀
D) C₆H₁₂
E) C₇H₁₆

Question 8

The reaction of methane with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet radiation can produce ____.

A) chloromethane
B) dichloromethane
C) trichloromethane
D) carbon tetrachloride
E) all of these products

Question 9

Which of the following is the general formula of an alkyne containinng one triple bond?

A) C_nH_2n+2
B) C_2nH_2n-2
C) C_nH_n
D) C_nH_2n
E) C_n+2H_n

Question 10

Which of the following is a $\underline{\text{ chiral }}$ molecule?

A) CH₃CBr₂Cl
B) CBrCl₂I
C) CH₃CHBrCH₂CH₃
D) (CH₃)₂CHCl
E) CH₂BrI

Question 11

Four of the following compounds are structural isomers.Which one is $\underline{\text{ not? }}$

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 12

The carbon-carbon bonding of cyclobutane is shown below.How many hydrogen atoms are needed to complete the structural formula of cyclobutane?

A) 6
B) 8
C) 10
D) 12
E) 14

Question 13

Which of the following molecules may be a cycloalkene?

A) C₄H₈
B) C₅H₁₂
C) C₅H₁₀
D) C₆H₁₂
E) C₆H₁₀

Question 14

Which of the following alkenes is capable of forming cis-trans isomers?

A) (CH₃)₂ = CH₂
B) (CH₃)₂ = CHOH
C) CH₃CH = CH₂
D) CH₃CH = CF₂
E) CHBr = CHD

Question 15

What are the two types of stereoisomers?

A) geometrical and optical
B) optical and positional
C) geometrical and positional
D) geometrical and functional group
E) chiral and optical

Question 16

Which of the following noncyclic hydrocarbons has two $\pi$ bonds?

A) C₃H₄
B) C₄H₈
C) C₆H₁₂
D) C₇H₁₄
E) C₈H₁₈

Question 17

Which of the following is a geometric isomer of the structure given below?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 18

Which one of the following molecules has a chiral center?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 19

What is the molecular formula of a cyclic alkane with 7 carbon atoms?

A) C₇ H₁₆
B) C₇ H₁₂
C) C₇ H₁₈
D) C₇ H₁₄
E) C₇ H₇

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a hydrocarbon structural formula?

A) C₆H₁₂
B)
C)
D)
E) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃

Question 21

What is the name of the following compound?

A) 1,1,1-trimethylbutane
B) 3-butylpropane
C) 2-methyl-2-propylpropane
D) 4,4-dimethylpentane
E) 2,2-dimethylpentane

Question 22

What is the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of 4-methyl-1-pentene?

A) 2 C₅H₁₀(g)+ 15 O₂(g) $\to$ 10 CO₂(g)+ 10 H₂O( )
B) 2 C₄H₁₀(g)+ 13 O₂(g) $\to$ 8 CO₂(g)+ 10 H₂O( )
C) C₄H₈(g)+ 6 O₂(g) $\to$ 4 CO₂(g)+ 4 H₂O( )
D) C₆H₁₂(g)+ 9 O₂(g) $\to$ 6 CO₂(g)+ 6 H₂O( )
E) C₅H₁₂(g)+ 13 O₂(g) $\to$ 5 CO₂ (g)+ 6 H₂O( )

Question 23

What is the correct systematic name for the following alkene?

A) 2-ethyl-3-methyl-2-hexene
B) 2-ethyl-3-methyl-1-pentene
C) 4-ethyl-3-methyl-4-pentene
D) 3-methyl-4-ethyl-4-pentene
E) octene

Question 24

What type of hydrocarbon is the following molecule?

A) alkane
B) alkene
C) alkyne
D) aromatic
E) cycloalkene

Question 25

Which one of the following hydrocarbons has cis and trans isomers?

A) hexane
B) 1-pentene
C) 2-methylpropane
D) 2-ethylbutane
E) 2-pentene

Question 26

How many isomers exist for the following benzene derivative,C₆H₄ClBr?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) none

Question 27

Name the following:
CH₃-(CH₂)₅ -CH₃

A) heptane
B) pentane
C) butane
D) octane
E) hexane

Question 28

What is the name of the following compound?

A) pentanol
B) cyclopentane
C) cyclohexane
D) cyclopentene
E) 1,5-pentane

Question 29

What is the product of the addition of HCl to ethylene?

A) chloroethane
B) chloroethylene
C) 1,2-dichloroethane
D) 1,1-dichloroethane
E) 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene

Question 30

The addition of Br₂ is used as the reaction to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes.What is the observation that accompanies this test?

A) A bright red color is produced when Br₂ reacts with an alkene.
B) Bromine dissolves in alkanes but not in alkenes.
C) Bromine is a dark red liquid.When it adds to the double bond of an alkene to make the dibromide,it becomes colorless.
D) The red color of bromine disappears when it dissolves in alkanes.
E) Bromine reacts with alkanes to form a precipitate.

Question 31

What is the product of the addition of excess F₂ to acetylene?

A) 1,2-difluoroethane
B) ethylene
C) 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
D) ethane
E) 1,1-difluoroethylene

Question 32

What is the structure for 3,4-dimethylhexane?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 33

Name the following:

A) 1-hexyne
B) 2-ethynyl butane
C) 2-ethyl-3-butyne
D) 3-methyl-1-pentyne
E) 3-methyl-4-pentyne

Question 34

An unsaturated hydrocarbon is

A) a hydrocarbon that contains oxygen.
B) a compound in which all carbon atoms have four single bonds.
C) a compound in which one or more carbon atoms have double or triple bonds.
D) a hydrocarbon that is dissolved in water.
E) a cycloalkane with five or more carbons.

Question 35

What is the major product upon addition of HCl to 1-hexene?

A) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CHClCH₂Cl
B) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CHClCH₃
D) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Cl
E) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CHCl=CH₂

Question 36

What is the name of the following compound?

A) 3,4-diethyl-5-methylheptane
B) 3,4,5-heptane
C) 3-ethyl-5-(2-butyl)hexane
D) 3-(2-butyl)-3-ethylhexane
E) 3,5,6-trimethylheptane

Question 37

What is the expected product from the reaction of 2,3-dimethyl-1-hexene with hydrogen gas?

A) 2,2-dimethylhexane
B) 2,3-dimethylhexane
C) 3,3-dimethylhexane
D) 2-methylheptane
E) 2,3-dimethyl-2-hexene

Question 38

What is the name of the following compound?

A) trans-acetylene
B) cis-1,3-pentadiene
C) trans-2,4-pentadiene
D) cis-4-methyl-1,3-butadiene
E) cis-4-methyl-1,3-butene

Question 39

Which of the following is the correct formula for 2-methyl-1-butene?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) none of these

Question 40

How many isomers,both structural and geometric,have the molecular formula C₆H₁₄?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 41

Which functional group does $\textbf{ not }$ contain a double bond to an oxygen atom?

A) ester
B) aldehyde
C) ether
D) amide
E) ketone

Question 42

How many structural isomers possessing the alcohol functional group have the molecular formula C₄H₁₀O?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 43

Which of the following types of compounds must have an sp²-hybridized carbon center?

A) aldehydes
B) ethers
C) alkynes
D) amines
E) alcohols

Question 44

Which of the following statements concerning hydrocarbons is/are CORRECT?
1)Coal is a source of many aromatic hydrocarbons.
2)Petroleum is subjected to a process known as cracking,where aromatic rings are cracked open to yield alkane chains.
3)The primary components of petroleum (prior to refining)are alkenes and alkynes.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 3
E) 1,2,and 3

Question 45

Which of the following alcohols is likely to be least soluble in water?

A) 3-pentanol
B) 2-butanol
C) 1,2-ethanediol
D) 1,2,3-propanetriol
E) methanol

Question 46

What is the name of the following benzene derivative?

A) dibenzene
B) 1,2-dibenzene
C) toluene
D) naphthalene
E) aniline

Question 47

Which of the following chemical equations depicts a halogenation reaction with benzene?

A) C₆H₆( )+ 3 Br₂(g) $\to$ 3 C₂H₂Br₂(g)
B) C₆H₆( )+ Cl₂(g) $\to$ C₆H₅Cl( )+ HCl(g)
C) C₆H₆( )+ CH₃I(g) $\to$ C₆H₅CH₃( )+ HI(g)
D) C₆H₆( )+ Cl₂(g) $\to$ C₆H₄Cl₂( )+ H₂(g)
E) C₆H₆( )+ 3 Br₂(g) $\to$ 6 C₆H₆Br₆(g)

Question 48

Formulas for derivatives of hydrocarbons may be written as R-X,where R is a hydrocarbon lacking a hydrogen atom and X is a functional group.Which of the following formulas represents a primary amine?

A) RNH₂
B) RCONH₂
C) R₂NH
D) RCO₂R'
E) R₃N

Question 49

How many structures (i.e.,unique isomers)exist for tribromobenzene?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 50

Putrescine and cadaverine are two compounds associated with decaying flesh or bad breath.These compounds belong to a class of molecules called ____.

A) ethers
B) amines
C) ketones
D) esters
E) carboxylic acids

Question 51

Which of the following reactions is a substitution reaction?

A) C₆H₆ + Br₂ $\to$ C₆H₅Br + HBr
B) CH₂=CH₂ + Br₂ $\to$ CH₂BrCH₂Br
C) CH₂=CH₂ + HBr $\to$ CH₃CH₂Br
D) CH₂=CH₂ + H₂ $\to$ CH₃CH₃
E) HC $\equiv$ CH + 2Br₂ $\to$ CHBr₂CHBr₂

Question 52

Which of the following statements concerning methanol is/are CORRECT?
1)Methanol is used as a fuel in high-powered racing cars.
2)Human consumption of methanol can lead to blindness.
3)Methanol is converted by the human body to formaldehyde and formic acid.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 3
E) 1,2,and 3

Question 53

Which functional group does $\textbf{ not }$ contain an oxygen atom?

A) ester
B) ether
C) aldehyde
D) amide
E) amine

Question 54

Which one of the following functional groups is a base?

A) aldehyde
B) alcohol
C) carboxylic acid
D) ether
E) amine

Question 55

Which of the following chemical equations depicts an alkylation reaction?

A) C₆H₆( )+ CH₃Cl( ) $\to$ C₆H₅CH₃( )+ HCl(g)
B) 2 CH₃OH( )+ 3 O₂(g) $\to$ 2 CO₂(g)+ 4 H₂O( )
C) C₆H₁₂( ) $\to$ C₆H₁₀( )+ H₂(g)
D) CH₂ClCH₂Cl(g)+ H₂(g) $\to$ CH₃CH₃(g)+ Cl₂(g)
E) CHClCHCl(g) $\to$ CH₂ClCH₂Cl(g)

Question 56

Which of the structures below has the common name m-dichlorobenzene (where m- is meta)?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 57

What is the name of the following benzene derivative?

A) 1-chlorobenzoic acid
B) 5-chloroanaline
C) 1-acetate-1-chlorobenzene
D) 5-chlorobenzoic acid
E) 1,3-chlorocarboxylic benzene

Question 58

Which set of functional groups are present in the molecule shown below?
$\textbf{ aspirin }$

A) aromatic,carboxylic acid,and ester
B) aromatic,alcohol,and ester
C) alkene,alcohol,and ether
D) alkene,carboxylic acid,and ketone
E) aromatic alcohol,ether,and aldehyde

Question 59

Identify the product(s)of the hydrogenation of cis-2-hexene.

A) 2-hydroxyhexane
B) 2,3-dihydroxyhexane
C) trans-2-hexane
D) carbon dioxide and water
E) hexane

Question 60

Formulas for derivatives of hydrocarbons may be written as R-X,where R is a hydrocarbon lacking a hydrogen atom and X is a functional group.Which of the following formulas represents an ester?

A) ROH
B) ROR'
C) RCOR'
D) RCO₂R'
E) RCHO

Question 61

CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH is ____.

A) isobutyl alcohol
B) butyl alcohol
C) propionic acid
D) butanoic acid
E) oxalic acid

Question 62

What is the product of the reduction of butanone?

A) 1-butene
B) 2-butanol
C) cis-2-butene
D) acetone
E) butanoic acid

Question 63

What are the products of a condensation reaction between a primary amine and a carboxylic acid?

A) water and an amide
B) water and an ester
C) ammonia and an amide
D) ammonia and an ester
E) an ammonium cation and a carboxylate anion

Question 64

Which of the following statements about polymers is/are correct?
1)Polypropylene and polyethylene are high molecular weight alkenes.
2)Addition polymers must be made from monomers which have at least one double or triple bond somewhere in the molecule.
3)Condensation polymerization reactions produce small molecules,like H₂O,as byproducts to the polymer formation.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 2 and 3
E) 1,2,and 3

Question 65

What is the name of the product of the reaction that occurs when a mixture of methanol and propionic acid is heated in the presence of acid?

A) methyl propylether
B) 2-propanone
C) propyl methanoate
D) 2-methylpropanal
E) methyl propanoate

Question 66

When a secondary alcohol is oxidized,the product is a(n)____.

A) ketone
B) ether
C) ester
D) aldehyde
E) amide

Question 67

What is the classification of the molecule below?

A) polymer
B) fatty acid
C) saccharide
D) carbohydrate
E) triglyceride

Question 68

When an aldehyde is oxidized,the product is a(n)____.

A) ester
B) ketone
C) ether
D) alcohol
E) carboxylic acid

Question 69

The functional group RCONR' is characteristic of a(n)____.

A) ether
B) ester
C) amide
D) aldehyde
E) ketone

Question 70

Which of the following compounds might be used to reduce a carboxylic acid to an aldehyde?

A) H⁺
B) Cl₂
C) K₂Cr₂O₇
D) KMnO₄
E) NaBH₄

Question 71

A mixture of ethanol and benzoic acid is heated in the presence of acid.What is the primary product of the reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 72

Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?
1)Thermoplastics are a class of polymers that will not decompose at temperatures as great as 700 ^$\circ$ C.
2)Thermosetting plastics harden when heated,but they regain their elasticity when cooled.
3)Elastomers are materials that spring back to their original shape when stretched.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2
E) 1,2,and 3

Question 73

Which of the following compounds might be used to oxidize an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid?

A) H₂
B) Na
C) LiAlH₄
D) KMnO₄
E) NaBH₄

Question 74

What class of compounds is responsible for many of the distinctive odors of artificial flavors and perfumes?

A) ethers
B) aldehydes
C) esters
D) amides
E) alkenes

Question 75

A ketone may be produced by oxidation of a(n)_____.

A) alkane
B) alkene
C) secondary alcohol
D) primary alcohol
E) ether

Question 76

Reduction of a ketone produces a(n)_____.

A) alkane
B) amide
C) amine
D) secondary alcohol
E) primary alcohol

Question 77

What is the hybridization and the bond angles around the nitrogen atom in an amide?

A) sp hybridization,180 ^$\circ$ bond angles
B) sp² hybridization and 109 ^$\circ$ bond angles
C) sp² hybridization and 120 ^$\circ$ bond angles
D) sp³ hybridization and 109 ^$\circ$ bond angles
E) sp³ hybridization and 120 ^$\circ$ bond angles

Question 78

The reaction of 1-propanol with K₂Cr₂O₇ in acidic solution to produce propanal is what kind of reaction?

A) polymerization
B) combustion
C) oxidation
D) reduction
E) double displacement

Question 79

Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?
1)Polyethylene forms by the addition reaction of C₂H₄ molecules.
2)Copolymers form by the polymerization of two (or more)different monomers.
3)A condensation reaction involves reacting two monomers and splitting out a small molecule,often water.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 3
E) 1,2,and 3

Question 80

The hydrolysis of an ester in the presence of NaOH produces

A) a carboxylate salt of sodium and an alcohol.
B) an ether and an amide.
C) an alcohol and an amine.
D) an aldehyde and an ether.
E) an ether and a carboxylate salt of sodium.