Deck 23: The Chemistry of the Transition Elements

Question 1

Which of the following is $\underline{\text{ not }}$ a transition-metal?

A) vanadium
B) silver
C) iron
D) chromium
E) tin

Answer 1

tin

Question 2

How many unpaired electrons are found in the ground state electron configuration of cadmium (Cd)?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 5

Answer 2

0

Question 3

Which ion produces the red color in rubies?

A) Mn²⁺
B) Zr⁴⁺
C) Pd²⁺
D) Cr³⁺
E) Ti⁴⁺

Answer 3

Cr³⁺

Question 4

Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?
1)The atomic radii of transition metals decrease initially,then increase as one moves from left to right across a period of the periodic table.
2)The atomic radii of the d-block elements in the 5^th and 6^th periods in each group are almost identical.
3)The densities of the 6^th period transition metals are greater than those of either the 4^th or 5^th period transition metals.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2
E) 1,2,and 3

Question 5

Which is the correct valence shell orbital box notation for the ground state electron configuration of Co?
$~ ~~$ 3d $~~~~~~~~$$~~~~~~~~$$~~~~~~~~$$~~~~~~~~$$~~~~~~~~$ 4s

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 6

The white in most white paints comes from ________.

A) TiO₂
B) CdS
C) Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃ .14 H₂O
D) KMnO₄
E) AgI

Question 7

Which element has the following ground state electron configuration?
$~ ~~~$ 3d $~~~~~~~~$$~~~~~~~~$$~~~~~~~~$$~~~~~~~~$$~~~~~~~~$ 4s
[Ar]

A) Sc
B) Mn
C) Zn
D) Ni
E) Fe

Question 8

Identify the element with the ground state electron configuration [Xe]4f¹⁴5d⁶6s².

A) Ir
B) Ta
C) Os
D) Ru
E) Au

Question 9

Which of the following salts would $\underline{\text{ not }}$ be expected to have unpaired d-electrons?

A) NiCl₂
B) CoCl₂
C) MnCl₂
D) TiCl₃
E) ScCl₃

Question 10

Which element has the highest density?

A) Zn
B) Y
C) Os
D) Fe
E) Ag

Question 11

The product of the oxidation of iron in most soil in the absence of excess oxygen is black magnetite.The chemical formula of this compound is ____.

A) FeO
B) FeO₂
C) Fe₂O₃
D) Fe₃O₂
E) Fe₃O₄

Question 12

Ores are often found mixed with impurities such as sand and clay.In metallurgy,these impurities are called ____.

A) gangue
B) alloys
C) slag
D) roasts
E) precipitates

Question 13

Which of the following is $\underline{\text{ not }}$ a characteristic of the transition metals?

A) variable oxidation state
B) compounds that contain their ions are often colored
C) valence electrons in a d subshell
D) high electronegativity
E) the ability to form complex ions

Question 14

If an element can be obtained profitably from a mineral,the mineral is called a(n)____.

A) gangue
B) ore
C) slag
D) roast
E) alloy

Question 15

Which of the following pairs of d-block metals will have approximately the same atomic radii due to the $\underline{\text{ lanthanide contraction? }}$

A) Fe and Ru
B) Ru and Rh
C) Ru and Os
D) Os and Ir
E) Co and Ni

Question 16

Which element from the first transition series does NOT react with hydrochloric acid?

A) titanium
B) chromium
C) cobalt
D) nickel
E) copper

Question 17

What is the total number of electrons in p orbitals in a ground-state nickel atom?

A) 6
B) 18
C) 12
D) 24
E) 30

Question 18

Which of the following ions have an [Ar]3d⁵ electron configuration: Co²⁺,Mn²⁺,and Fe³⁺?

A) Co²⁺ only
B) Mn²⁺ only
C) Fe³⁺ only
D) Co²⁺ and Fe³⁺
E) Mn²⁺ and Fe³⁺

Question 19

Iron,_____,and sulfur form the reactive portion of nitrogenase,a biological catalyst used by nitrogen-fixing organisms.

A) Fe
B) Co
C) Zn
D) Cd
E) Mo

Question 20

What is the maximum oxidation state expected for vanadium?

A) +5
B) +2
C) +3
D) +6
E) +4

Question 21

The only compound containing copper in an ore is chalcopyrite,CuFeS₂.If a 90.0 g-sample of this ore contains 22.0 % of copper,what is the percentage of CuFeS₂ in the sample?

A) 24.4%
B) 6.86%
C) 0.635%
D) 57.2%
E) 42.8%

Question 22

What two of the following elements or compounds are used to reduce Fe₂O₃ to Fe in a blast furnace?

A) H₂(g)and C(s)
B) Cl₂(g)and CO₂(g)
C) C(s)and CO(g)
D) CaSiO₃(s)and CaO(s)
E) CO₂(g)and CaO(s)

Question 23

The flexibility,strength,hardness,and malleability of carbon steel is affected by a heating and cooling process called ____.

A) tempering
B) flotation
C) reduction
D) oxidation
E) recrystallization

Question 24

The iron produced in a blast furnace contains significant impurities of carbon,phosphorus,and sulfur.These impurities are removed in a basic oxygen furnace,which converts the impurities to ________.

A) CO₂,P₄O₁₀,and SO₂
B) CS₂ and P₄S₃
C) H₂CO₃,H₃PO₄,and H₂SO₃
D) H₂CO₃,H₃PO₄,and H₂SO₄
E) CH₄,PH₃,and H₂S

Question 25

Ions such as [Co(H₂O)₆]³⁺ and [Ag(CN)₂]^- are called ____.

A) ligands
B) Lewis bases
C) chelates
D) alloys
E) coordination complexes

Question 26

In which of the following complexes does the transition metal have a d⁸ configuration?

A) Cu(H₂O)₆²⁺
B) Fe(CN)₆^3-
C) Ni(CO)₄
D) PtCl₄^2-
E) Zn(NH₃)₄²⁺

Question 27

All of the following metals are generally found in nature as either oxides or sulfides,EXCEPT ____.

A) Fe
B) Au
C) Ni
D) Cr
E) Hg

Question 28

What is the coordination number of the transition metal ion in [Ag(NH₃)₂]Cl?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6
E) 8

Question 29

Which of the following will not as a ligand to a transition metal cation?

A) O₂
B) H₃O⁺
C) PH₃
D) NO₂^-
E) F^-

Question 30

All of the following metals may be found in nature as free elements EXCEPT ____.

A) Ir
B) Au
C) Pt
D) Ti
E) Rh

Question 31

In which one of the following is the oxidation state of the underlined metal incorrect?

Question 32

What is the coordination number of the chromium in [Cr(H₂O)₂(en)₂]³⁺? The en ligand is pictured below.Not all ligand lone pairs of electrons are explicitly shown.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 33

Most copper minerals are mined as ________.

A) fluorides
B) sulfides
C) oxides
D) nitrates
E) silicates

Question 34

What is the oxidation state of molybdenum in [Mo(H₂O)₅OH]Cl₂?

A) +1
B) +2
C) +3
D) +4
E) +6

Question 35

The calcium silicate formed in the blast furnace reduction of iron ore is called ____.

A) charge
B) gangue
C) pig iron
D) flux
E) slag

Question 36

When 8.1 moles of [Co(NH₃)₅Cl]Cl₂ is dissolved in water,how many moles of ions are in solution?

A) 73
B) 24
C) 5.1
D) 2.7
E) 6.1

Question 37

Copper ores are enriched to increase the percentage of copper by a process called ____.

A) electrolysis
B) flotation
C) roasting
D) tempering
E) filtering

Question 38

What is the denticity of the following ligand? Not all lone pairs of electrons are explicitly shown.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 39

All of the following molecules or ions can act as polydentate ligands EXCEPT ____.

A) phenanthroline; C₁₂H₈N₂
B) acetylacetate ion; CH₃COCHCOCH₃^-
C) oxalate ion; C₂O₄^2-
D) ethylenediamine; H₂NCH₂CH₂NH2
E) dimethylamine; (CH₃)₂NH₂

Question 40

The iron obtained from the blast furnace contains significant impurities of carbon,phosphorus,and sulfur and is called ____.

A) steel
B) pig iron
C) cast iron
D) slag
E) molten iron

Question 41

What is the formula for the pentaamminehydroxoiron(III)ion?

A) [Fe(NH₃)₅(OH)₅]²⁺
B) [Fe(NH₃)₅(OH)₅]^3-
C) [Fe(NH₃)₅(OH)]²⁺
D) [Fe(NH₃)₅(OH)]⁺
E) [Fe(NH₃)(OH)₅]^3-

Question 42

Which of the following species have geometric isomers: [Fe(en)Cl₄]^-,[Fe(en)₂Cl₂]⁺,and [Fe(en)₂BrCl]⁺?

A) [Fe(en)Cl₄]^- only
B) [Fe(en)₂Cl₂]⁺ only
C) [Fe(en)₂BrCl]⁺ only
D) [Fe(en)₂Cl₂]⁺ and [Fe(en)₂BrCl]⁺
E) [Fe(en)Cl₄]^-,[Fe(en)₂Cl₂]⁺,and [Fe(en)₂BrCl]⁺

Question 43

What is the formula for potassium diamminetetrachlorovanadate(III)?

A) [KV(NH₃)₂Cl₄]
B) K₂[V(NH₃)₂Cl₄]
C) K[V(NH₃)₂Cl₄]
D) [KV(NH₃)₂]Cl₄
E) K[V(NH₃)₂]Cl₄

Question 44

Which of the following pairs of coordination compounds are coordination isomers?

A) [Cr(H₂O)₆]SO₄ and [Cr(NH₃)₆]SO₄
B) [Cr(NH₃)₅Cl]SO₄ and [Cr(NH₃)₅SO₄]Cl
C) [Co(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]Cl₂ and [Co(NH₃)₂(H₂O)₄]Cl₂
D) [Cr(NH₃)₆](NO₃)₂ and [Fe(NH₃)₆](NO₃)₃
E) [Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₂ and [Fe(H₂O)₆]Cl₂

Question 45

Which one of the following complex ions has an optical isomer?

A) [Cu(CN)₄]^2-
B) [Zn(phen)₂]²⁺
C) [Zn(NH₃)₂en]²⁺
D) [Co(H₂O)₄en]²⁺
E) [Ni(en)₃]²⁺

Question 46

Below is a list of complex ions and their structures.One pair is incorrectly matched.Which pair?
Complex Ion / Structure

A) [CoCl₆]^3- / trigonal bipyramidal
B) [Cd(NH₃)₄]²⁺ / tetrahedral
C) [NiCl₄]^2- / tetrahedral
D) [Au(CN)₂]^- / linear
E) [Co(CN)₆]^3-/ octahedral

Question 47

Which of the following may act as an $\underline{\text{ ambidentate }}$ ligand,forming coordination isomers known as $\underline{\text{ linkage isomers? }}$

A) NH₃
B) OH^-
C) SO₄^2-
D) CO
E) H₂S

Question 48

What is the formula for dicyanobis(ethylenediamine)zirconium(IV)nitrate? (en = ethylenediamine)

A) Zr[(CN)₂(NO₃)₂(en)₂]
B) [Zr(CN)₂(NO₃)₂(en)₂]
C) (NO₃)₂[Zr(CN)₂(en)₂]
D) [Zr(CN)₂(en)₂](NO₃)₂
E) [Zr(NO₃)₂(en)₂](CN)₂

Question 49

Geometric isomers with a cis or trans configuration are possible for which of the following geometries?
1)octahedral
2)tetrahedral
3)square planar

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 3
E) 1,2,and 3

Question 50

What are the possible geometries of a metal complex with a coordination number of 6?
1)square planar
2)tetrahedral
3)octahedral

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2
E) 1,2,and 3

Question 51

How many d electrons are present on the metal ion in the complex ion FeCl₆^3-?

A) 7
B) 2
C) 5
D) 4
E) 3

Question 52

What is the name of the compound having the formula [Cr(en)₂(H₂O)₂]SO₄?

A) dihydroxydiethlyenediamminechromate(II)sulfate
B) diaquabis(ethylenediamine)sulfatochromate(IV)
C) bis(ethylenediamine)diaquachromium(II)sulfato
D) diaquabis(ethylenediamine)sulfatochromium(II)
E) diaquabis(ethylenediamine)chromium(II)sulfate

Question 53

What is the correct formula for sodium tetrachlorocuprate(II)?

A) Na₃[CuCl₄]
B) Na₂[CuCl₄]
C) Na[CuCl₄]
D) Na₄[CuCl₄]
E) Na₂[CuCl₆]

Question 54

How many geometric isomers may exist for the square-planar complex ion [Pt(OH)₂(NH₃)₂]^2-?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 55

Which of the following coordination compounds will immediately form a precipitate when combined with an AgNO₃ solution?

A) K[Cr(NH₃)₂Cl₄]
B) K₃[Cr(CN)₆]
C) [Cr(NH₃)₆]Cl₃
D) [Cr(NH₃)₂(H₂O)Cl₃]
E) [Cr(NH₃)₃Cl₃]

Question 56

What is a general formula for octahedral complexes that exhibit mer - fac isomerism? (M = metal; A,B and C = ligands)

A) MA₅B
B) MA₄B₂
C) MA₃B₃
D) MA₆
E) MA₂B₂C₂

Question 57

What is the name of the compound having the formula K₂[PtCl₄]?

A) potassium chloroplatinate(II)
B) potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II)
C) potassium chloroplatinate(IV)
D) potassium platanotetrachlorate(II)
E) dipotassium tetrachloroplatnum(II)

Question 58

Which of the following compounds may have linkage isomers?

A) [Ni(H₂O)₄Cl₂]Cl
B) [Ni(NH₃)₄Cl₂]NO₂
C) [Ni(H₂O)₅(SCN)]SO₄
D) [Ni(H₂O)₅Cl](SCN)₂
E) [Ni(NH₃)₄Cl₂]Cl

Question 59

Below is a list of formulas for complex compounds; each is matched with its name.One formula / name combination contains an error.Which one?

Question 60

What is the name of the compound having the formula [Ru(CO)₆](ClO₄)₃?

A) hexacarbonmonoxideruthenium(III)perchlorate
B) hexacarbonmonoxideruthenium(II)chloro tetroxide
C) trichloratehexacarbonylruthenate(III)
D) hexacarbonylruthenium(II)chlorate
E) hexacarbonylruthenium(III)perchlorate

Question 61

What is the number of unpaired electrons in an octahedral,low-spin Mn(II)complex?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Question 62

Determine the number of unpaired electrons in the tetrahedral complex ion [Co(NH₃)₄]²⁺.

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Question 63

All of the following statements concerning ligand field theory are true EXCEPT

A) in low-spin complexes,electrons are concentrated in the d_xy,d_yz,and d_xz orbitals.
B) in an isolated atom or ion,the five d orbitals have identical energy.
C) low-spin complexes contain the maximum number of unpaired electrons.
D) the crystal field splitting is larger in low-spin complexes than high-spin complexes.
E) the energy difference between d orbitals often corresponds to an energy of visible light.

Question 64

Identify the following orbital.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 65

What is the number of unpaired electrons in an octahedral,high-spin Co(III)complex?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 66

The period 6 transition metals have greater densities than either the period 4 or 5 transition metals.An explanation concerns the 4f orbitals,which are filled with electrons just prior to the 5d orbitals.As the 4f orbitals are filled,the radii of the elements decrease.The decrease in size is referred to as the ________ contraction.

Question 67

As bound ligands,which of the following causes the largest splitting of d-orbitals?

A) phen
B) H₂O
C) I^-
D) CN^-
E) C₂O₄^2-

Question 68

Determine the number of unpaired electrons in an octahedral,high-spin Cr(II)complex.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 69

All of the following complexes will be colored (in the visible)EXCEPT ____.

A) [Co(en)₃]²⁺
B) [Fe(CN)₆]^4-
C) [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺
D) [Sc(NH₃)₆]³⁺
E) [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺

Question 70

One method of recovering metals from their ores involves aqueous solutions; a second method involves heat.The method involving heat is called ________.

Question 71

The spectrochemical series is an arrangement of

A) ligands in order of their tendency to split the d orbitals of a transition metal ion.
B) coordination compounds in order of increasing octahedral ligand field splitting.
C) complex ions in order of the wavelength of light absorbed.
D) ligands in the order of electronegativity.
E) ligands in order of Lewis basicity.

Question 72

In an octahedral complex,electrons in and
Orbitals experience a greater repulsion from the lone pairs of electrons on ligands because these orbitals

A) contain more electrons than the other three d orbitals.
B) each contain one unpaired electron.
C) are oriented directly toward the incoming ligand electron pairs.
D) are located a greater distance from the metal ion nucleus.
E) are roughly spherical in shape,much like an s orbital.

Question 73

Which of the following d-block ion electron configurations may be high spin $\underline{\text{ or }}$ low spin when placed in an $\underline{\text{ octahedral ligand}}$ field?

A) [Ar]3d⁸
B) [Ar]3d³
C) [Ar]3d⁹
D) [Ar]3d⁴
E) [Ar]3d²

Question 74

Which of the following cations would be expected to be colorless in aqueous solution?

A) Ni²⁺
B) Mn²⁺
C) Co³⁺
D) Cu²⁺
E) Ti⁴⁺

Question 75

Which of the following statements concerning octahedral coordination complexes is $\underline{\text{ not }}$ correct?

A) Strong field ligands produce large octahedral ligand field splittings.
B) Weak field ligands produce high spin complexes.
C) Halide ions are strong field ligands.
D) Weak field ligands result in relatively small values for $\Delta$ _o.
E) A relatively large value for $\Delta$ _o causes a complex ion to absorb relatively high energy (shorter wavelength)light.

Question 76

Phenanthroline (C₁₂H₈N₂)can bind to metal ions using both its ammine groups.It is referred to as a(n)________ ligand,meaning it is "two-toothed."

Question 77

The spectrochemical series is
CN^- > NO₂^- > en > NH₃ > H₂O > OH^- > F^- >Cl^- > Br^- >I^-
Which of the following complexes will absorb visible light of the longest wavelength?

A) [Co(H₂O)₆]³⁺
B) [Co(I)₆]^3-
C) [Co(OH)₆]^3-
D) [Co(en)₃]³⁺
E) [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺

Question 78

Determine the number of unpaired electrons in a Cu(II)tetrahedral complex.

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Question 79

If an octahedral iron(II)complex is paramagnetic,which of the following sets of conditions best describes the complex?

A) low spin, $\Delta$ _^$\circ$ small
B) low spin, $\Delta$ _^$\circ$ large
C) high spin, $\Delta$ _^$\circ$ small
D) high spin, $\Delta$ _^$\circ$ large
E) none of the above

Question 80

Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?
1)Complex ions with the structure [ML₂]^{n $\pm$} are always linear.
2)Complex ions with the structure [ML₆]^{n $\pm$} are always octahedral.
3)Complex ions with the structure [ML₄]^{n $\pm$} are always square planar.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2
E) 2 and 3