Question 1

Which method induces changes in electrical activity in the brain?&#10;A) electrical recording&#10;B) brain stimulation&#10;C) X-ray imaging&#10;D) dynamic imaging

Accepted Answer

Brain stimulation has been shown to induce changes in electrical activity in the brain. Electrical recording can also detect these changes, but it does not induce them directly. X-ray imaging and dynamic imaging do not involve changes in electrical activity in the brain.

Question 2

Tom was in a car accident. He was given a series of tests to see if his skull or brain were damaged in the accident. Which tests may he have been given?&#10;A) an X-ray to assess skull damage and a CT scan to assess brain damage&#10;B) an X-ray to assess brain damage and a CT scan to assess skull damage&#10;C) an X-ray to assess skull damage and cerebral angiography to assess cognitive function&#10;D) a CT scan to assess brain damage and cerebral angiography to assess skull damage

Accepted Answer

An X-ray would assess damage to the skull while a CT (computerized tomography) scan would assess any injury to the brain tissue. These are the most common tests used for evaluating head injuries after an accident.

Question 3

The generators for the EEG are pyramidal neurons in layers _____ of the cerebral cortex.&#10;A) I and II&#10;B) III and IV&#10;C) V and VI&#10;D) I and VI.

Accepted Answer

Pyramidal neurons in layers V and VI of the cerebral cortex are the main generators of the EEG signal. Layers I and II contain mainly small interneurons and do not contribute significantly to the EEG signal. Layers III and IV contain both pyramidal neurons and interneurons, but they contribute only a minor fraction to the EEG signal compared to layers V and VI.

Question 4

Which is a method of enhancing conventional X - ray radiography by taking advantage of the fact that X - rays are not absorbed by air?&#10;A) pneumoencephalography&#10;B) computerized tomography&#10;C) positron emission tomography&#10;D) magnetic resonance imaging

Accepted Answer

Pneumoencephalography is a method of enhancing conventional X-ray radiography by injecting air into the spinal canal or ventricular system of the brain. Since X-rays are not absorbed by air, this allows for better visualization of certain structures. Computerized tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging all utilize different mechanisms and are not based on the fact that X-rays are not absorbed by air.

Question 5

The _____ method of brain imaging involves spinning hydrogen protons.&#10;A) MEG&#10;B) MRS&#10;C) MRI&#10;D) ERP

Accepted Answer

The method of brain imaging that involves spinning hydrogen protons is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI uses a strong magnetic field to temporarily align hydrogen protons in the body and then measures the energy released when the protons return to their normal alignment. This provides a detailed image of the body's internal structures, including the brain. MEG (magnetoencephalography) measures the magnetic fields generated by electrical activity in the brain, while MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) measures the chemical composition of the brain. ERP (event-related potential) measures changes in electrical activity in response to specific stimuli.

Question 6

The _____ technique provides excellent resolution but can only be applied with humans in exceptional circumstances.&#10;A) ERP&#10;B) single-cell recording&#10;C) EEG&#10;D) EKG

Accepted Answer

Single-cell recording is the only technique listed that provides excellent resolution and may only be applied with humans in exceptional circumstances. ERP and EEG are non-invasive methods that measure brain activity through scalp electrodes, while EKG is used to measure heart activity.

Question 7

Which is NOT an advantage of the PET scan over other imaging methods?&#10;A) The PET scan can detect the decay of a wide range of radiochemicals.&#10;B) The PET scan can detect the density of neurotransmitter receptors or the metabolic activities associated with degenerative processes that might be related to aging.&#10;C) The PET scan can detect the degeneration of myelin that occurs in multiple sclerosis or the degeneration of neurons that occurs in Alzheimer's disease.&#10;D) The PET scan is widely used for the study of cognitive function.&#10;Answer Key

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is NOT an advantage of the...

Question 8

Who developed the first useful EEG methods?&#10;A) Berger&#10;B) Aserinsky&#10;C) Freud&#10;D) Fox

Accepted Answer

Hans Berger, a German neurologist, is credited with developing the first useful methods for recording and interpreting EEG signals in the early 1900s.

Question 9

Which method can detect neurotransmitter - related molecules?&#10;A) CT&#10;B) MRS&#10;C) NRI&#10;D) MEG

Accepted Answer

MRS (Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) can detect neurotransmitter-related molecules by measuring the levels of specific metabolites such as glutamate, GABA, and N-acetylaspartate in the brain. CT (Computed Tomography) is an imaging technique used to visualize the structure of the brain, but it cannot detect specific neurotransmitter-related molecules. NRI (Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor) is a medication commonly used to treat some mental health disorders, but it is not a method of detecting neurotransmitter-related molecules. MEG (Magnetoencephalography) is a technique used to measure the magnetic fields produced by neural activity in the brain, but it does not directly detect neurotransmitter-related molecules.

Question 10

Which method would be MOST practical in evaluating the depth of anesthesia?&#10;A) MRI&#10;B) MEG&#10;C) EEG&#10;D) EKG

Accepted Answer

EEG, or electroencephalography, measures the electrical activity in the brain and can be used to evaluate the depth of anesthesia. It is a non-invasive, practical method that can provide real-time information about the patient's brain activity during surgery. MRI and MEG are not typically used for monitoring anesthesia depth, and EKG measures heart activity, which is not necessarily an indicator of the level of anesthesia.

Question 11

The use of annihilation events is part of the _____ technique of brain imaging.&#10;A) PET&#10;B) MEG&#10;C) fMRI&#10;D) EEG

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of annihilation events is part...

Question 12

Which is a major advantage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?&#10;A) It provides the highest resolution of all the imaging techniques.&#10;B) It can image the biochemical status of the brain.&#10;C) It provides great clarity in distinguishing between different types of brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid.&#10;D) It can detect relative amounts of a given neural transmitter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is a major advantage of magnetic...

Deck 7: Extension: C - Imaging the Brains Activity