Deck 4: Extension: B - the Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons

Question 1

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the substance with the MOST appropriate characteristic in the list below.
ribosomal RNA ___

A)contains degrading enzymes; stores and moves wastes
B)contains genetic code for proteins
C)protein molecule assembly site
D)builds proteins

Answer 1

builds proteins

Question 2

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the part of the neuron with the MOST appropriate function from the list below.
terminal buttons ___

A)carries information to terminal buttons
B)collects information
C)integrates information
D)sends information to another neuron

Answer 2

sends information to another neuron

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions:
Match each ion with the MOST appropriate characteristic.
A- ___

A)depolarization
B)protein anions (molecules)
C)hyperpolarization
D)maintains resting potential

Answer 3

protein anions (molecules)

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions:
Subcellular constituents have specific jobs to perform. For each question, choose the MOST appropriate alternative function from the list below.
microtubules ___

A)energy source
B)protein transport
C)degrades foreign substances
D)protein formation

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions:
Subcellular constituents have specific jobs to perform. For each question, choose the MOST appropriate alternative function from the list below.
mitochondria ___

A)energy source
B)protein transport
C)degrades foreign substances
D)protein formation

Question 6

Match each ion with the MOST appropriate characteristic.

-Cl^- influx ___

A)depolarization
B)protein anions (molecules)
C)hyperpolarization
D)maintains resting potential

Question 7

Identify the main function for each of the following: mitochondria, tubules, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, and lysosomes.

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the substance with the MOST appropriate characteristic in the list below.
DNA ___

A)contains degrading enzymes; stores and moves wastes
B)contains genetic code for proteins
C)protein molecule assembly site
D)builds proteins

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the substance with the MOST appropriate characteristic in the list below.
lysosomes ___

A)contains degrading enzymes; stores and moves wastes
B)contains genetic code for proteins
C)protein molecule assembly site
D)builds proteins

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions:
Subcellular constituents have specific jobs to perform. For each question, choose the MOST appropriate alternative function from the list below.
messenger RNA ___

A)energy source
B)protein transport
C)degrades foreign substances
D)protein formation

Question 11

Use the following to answer questions:
Match each ion with the MOST appropriate characteristic.
Na⁺ ___

A)depolarization
B)protein anions (molecules)
C)hyperpolarization
D)maintains resting potential

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the part of the neuron with the MOST appropriate function from the list below.
axon hillock ___

A)carries information to terminal buttons
B)collects information
C)integrates information
D)sends information to another neuron

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions:
Subcellular constituents have specific jobs to perform. For each question, choose the MOST appropriate alternative function from the list below.
lysosomes ___

A)energy source
B)protein transport
C)degrades foreign substances
D)protein formation

Question 14

Draw a simple diagram of a phospholipid bilayer, with "heads" and "tails" properly oriented.

Question 15

Draw a representative neuron and identify the following components: dendrites, cell body, nucleus, axon hillock, axon, axon collateral, teleodendria, terminals, nodes of Ranvier, and myelin sheath.

Question 16

Use the following to answer questions:
Match each ion with the MOST appropriate characteristic.
NA⁺-K⁺ pump ___

A)depolarization
B)protein anions (molecules)
C)hyperpolarization
D)maintains resting potential

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the part of the neuron with the MOST appropriate function from the list below.
axon ___

A)carries information to terminal buttons
B)collects information
C)integrates information
D)sends information to another neuron

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the substance with the MOST appropriate characteristic in the list below.
endoplasmic reticulum ___

A)contains degrading enzymes; stores and moves wastes
B)contains genetic code for proteins
C)protein molecule assembly site
D)builds proteins

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the part of the neuron with the MOST appropriate function from the list below.
dendrites ___

A)carries information to terminal buttons
B)collects information
C)integrates information
D)sends information to another neuron

Question 20

Explain how communication within the nervous system is electrochemical in nature.

Question 21

Describe the phenomena of temporal and spatial summation of postsynaptic potentials.
Answer Key

Question 22

Compare and contrast graded potentials with action potentials.

Question 23

Discuss the contribution of each of the following ions in the production of an action potential: K⁺, Na⁺, and Cl^-.

Question 24

Distinguish between transcription and translation in protein synthesis.

Question 25

Distinguish between concentration gradient and voltage gradients.

Question 26

Discuss the role of the semipermeable membrane in the maintenance of the resting potential in the membrane.

Question 27

Describe the interaction between concentration and voltage gradients in the establishment of the membrane potential.

Question 28

How is the action potential propagated along the axon in unmyelinated axons? How is it propagated in myelinated axons?

Question 29

Draw a diagram of an action potential, labeling each phase. Include the resting membrane potential, the threshold potential, and hyperpolarization.

Question 30

You are working with a squid giant axon with a resting potential of -70 mV. What would the voltage change look like if (a) the axon is bathed in tetrodotoxin and (b) the axon is bathed in TEA? In both cases supra - threshold current is applied to the axon, enough to cause an action potential in a sea water-only bath.

Question 31

Since ions are so small, why do they need special pores or channels to get through the neuronal membrane?