Question 1

The Brown - S&#233;quard syndrome is indicative of _____.&#10;A) frontal-lobe injury&#10;B) viral brain infection&#10;C) demyelination of pyramidal tracts&#10;D) unilateral spinal cord damage

Accepted Answer

The Brown - Séquard syndrome is a condition caused by unilateral spinal cord damage, which results in a loss of motor function and deep sensation on the same side as the damage, as well as a loss of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite side. Frontal-lobe injury and viral brain infections can cause various neurological symptoms, but they do not cause this specific syndrome. Demyelination of pyramidal tracts can cause spasticity and weakness, but it does not result in the distinctive pattern of sensory and motor loss seen in Brown - Séquard syndrome.

Question 2

_____ is a periodic cessation of respiration in sleep caused by a collapse of the oropharynx.&#10;A) Obstructive sleep apnea&#10;B) Central sleep apnea&#10;C) Periodic sleep apnea&#10;D) SIDS&#10;Answer Key

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by repeated episodes of complete or partial blockage of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in cessation or significant decrease of airflow. This can lead to decreased oxygen levels and disruptions in sleep patterns.

Question 3

A clot or other plug that is brought through the blood to a point where it blocks a smaller blood vessel is called an _____.&#10;A) embolism&#10;B) aneurysm&#10;C) infarct&#10;D) ischemia

Accepted Answer

An embolism is a clot or plug that moves through the blood until it becomes lodged in a smaller blood vessel, obstructing blood flow. An aneurysm is a bulge or weakening of a blood vessel wall that can potentially rupture. An infarct is an area of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply, while ischemia is a reduced blood flow to a certain area.

Question 4

Brain tumors referred to as &#34;encapsulated&#34; are characterized by which of the following?&#10;A) The tumor has not infiltrated the healthy brain tissue.&#10;B) The tumor has produced displacement of brain structures due to compression.&#10;C) The tumor was the result of a metastasis.&#10;D) The tumor resulted from glial cells that infiltrated the brain substance.

Accepted Answer

"Encapsulated" brain tumors are those that are contained within a fibrous or membranous capsule and have not infiltrated the surrounding healthy brain tissue. This is in contrast to infiltrating tumors which invade and spread throughout the surrounding brain tissue.

Question 5

An individual who sustains a traumatic brain injury will most likely develop a contusion at the point of impact, termed a:&#10;A) contrecoup.&#10;B) coma.&#10;C) coup.&#10;D) hematoma.

Accepted Answer

A coup injury is a contusion at the point of impact on the brain, which occurs when the brain strikes the skull at the site of the trauma. This type of injury can occur in any type of traumatic brain injury, from mild to severe.

Question 6

Masses of enlarged and tortuous cortical vessels that are supplied by one or more large arteries are called:&#10;A) angiomas.&#10;B) aneurysms.&#10;C) thrombolitic vessels.&#10;D) embolitic vessels.

Accepted Answer

Masses of enlarged and tortuous cortical vessels are known as angiomas. Aneurysms are abnormal dilations of blood vessels that can lead to rupture, thrombolitic vessels are not a recognized medical term, and embolitic vessels refer to vessels that have been occluded by an embolus.

Question 7

There are a variety of treatments for ischemia utilized to minimize neurological damage. Which of the following is NOT one of the treatments?&#10;A) calcium channel blockers&#10;B) vasodilators&#10;C) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)&#10;D) neurosurgery

Accepted Answer

Neurosurgery may not be a commonly utilized treatment option for ischemia. While it may be necessary in certain cases, it is not a standard treatment for ischemic stroke or cerebral ischemia. Calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) are commonly used treatments to minimize neurological damage in ischemia.

Question 8

Slow, involuntary facial movements that often occur with long - term treatment with antipsychotic drugs are called _____.&#10;A) athetosis&#10;B) tardive dyskinesia&#10;C) chorea&#10;D) ataxia

Accepted Answer

Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by involuntary movements of the face, tongue, and limbs that occur after prolonged use of antipsychotic medications. Athetosis involves slow, writhing movements of the limbs and trunk, chorea involves abrupt, involuntary movements of the limbs, and ataxia involves problems with coordination and balance.

Question 9

A(n) _____ is a massive bleeding into the substance of the brain that is most often caused by hypertension.&#10;A) migraine stroke&#10;B) angioma&#10;C) cerebral hemorrhage&#10;D) aneurysm

Accepted Answer

A cerebral hemorrhage is a type of stroke that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and bleeds into the brain tissue. This is most commonly caused by high blood pressure, which puts strain on the walls of the blood vessels and can cause them to burst. Migraine strokes are not a recognized medical condition, an angioma is a type of abnormal blood vessel growth that can cause bleeding but is not always related to hypertension, and aneurysms involve a bulging or weakened area in a blood vessel that can potentially burst and cause bleeding but are not always caused by hypertension.

Question 10

An infarct is _____.&#10;A) a ballooning blood vessel&#10;B) a region of dead tissue&#10;C) a blood clot that blocks a major blood vessel&#10;D) a blood clot that obstructs circulation

Accepted Answer

An infarct refers to a region of dead tissue typically caused by a lack of blood supply due to a blockage or narrowing of an artery. It is not a ballooning blood vessel (choice A) or a blood clot itself (choices C and D).

Question 11

Automatisms and feelings of d&#233;j&#224; vu are commonly found in individuals with _____.&#10;A) a focal head injury&#10;B) rabies&#10;C) epilepsy&#10;D) Huntington's disease

Accepted Answer

The answer of Automatisms and feelings of d&#233;j&#224; vu are...

Question 12

Narcolepsy is usually treated with _____.&#10;A) hypnotherapy&#10;B) antipsychotics&#10;C) stimulants&#10;D) vitamin B1

Accepted Answer

The answer of Narcolepsy is usually treated with _____.&#10;A) hypnotherapy&#10;B)...

Question 13

You are assessing the coma status of a patient who sustained a traumatic brain injury using the Glasgow Coma Scale. Which rating is indicative of a moderate injury?&#10;A) less than 8&#10;B) 9 to 12&#10;C) 13 to 20&#10;D) 13 to 18

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are assessing the coma status of...

Question 14

A female patient experiences constriction of blood vessels (vasospasm) leading to impaired sensory function. Which disorder did the patient most likely suffer?&#10;A) seizure&#10;B) hematoma&#10;C) migraine stroke&#10;D) cerebral hemorrhage

Accepted Answer

The answer of A female patient experiences constriction of blood...

Question 15

Identify the sleep disorder that is characterized by various unpleasant sensations in the legs, including pain, crawling, tingling, and pulling.&#10;A) central sleep apnea&#10;B) Willis-Ekbom disease&#10;C) cataplexy&#10;D) sleep paralysis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the sleep disorder that is characterized...

Deck 26: Extension: C - Neurological Disorders