Deck 22: Focus 4: Focus on Phytochemicals

Question 1

Which statement about phytoestrogens is FALSE?

A)Phytoestrogens are modified by bacteria in the mouth.
B)Phytoestrogens are found in flaxseed,soybeans,and barley.
C)Phytoestrogens may protect against some types of cancer.
D)Phytoestrogens may protect against osteoporosis.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which best describes the action of carotenoids in the body?

A)They are carcinogens.
B)They are antioxidants.
C)They decrease cholesterol absorption.
D)They decrease blood glucose.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Flavonoids are found in all of the following EXCEPT

A)wine.
B)tea.
C)fruits.
D)fish.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is a strategy for increasing the intake of foods that provide a variety of phytochemicals?

A)Choose 5 different colours of fruits and vegetables each day.
B)Double your typical serving of vegetables.
C)Mix flaxseed into yogurt,oatmeal or cold cereals.
D)All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 5

Which of the following are phytoestrogens?

A)isoflavones and alliums.
B)indoles and lignins.
C)alliums and indoles.
D)isoflavones and lignins.

Question 6

Which carotenoid's bioavailability is increased by processing and cooking?

A)lycopene
B)lutein
C)beta-carotene
D)alpha-carotene

Question 7

Which statement about chocolate is FALSE?

A)Chocolate contains chemicals that make people feel more alert.
B)The consumption of chocolate is a major reason for the current obesity crisis in Canada.
C)Dark chocolate has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity.
D)Dark chocolate provides antioxidants.

Question 8

Foods that provide a health benefit beyond that attributed to the nutrients they contain.What is being described?

A)functional foods.
B)phytochemicals.
C)zoochemicals.
D)health foods.

Question 9

Which is NOT a function of flavonoids?

A)reduce stress hormones.
B)inhibit blood clotting.
C)act as anti-inflammatories.
D)provide antioxidants.

Question 10

Cruciferous vegetables include which of the following?

A)potatoes.
B)broccoli.
C)tomatoes.
D)green peppers.

Question 11

Which phytochemical has been linked to both broccoli and cancer prevent?

A)linseed oil
B)Sulforaphane
C)alpha-carotene
D)allium

Question 12

Which of the following states the function of alliums?

A)Binding of cholesterol in the gut.
B)Increasing the activity of cancer-destroying enzyme systems.
C)Inactivating the hormone estrogen.
D)Activating sex hormones.

Question 13

Substances found in plant foods that are NOT essential nutrients but that may have health-promoting properties.What is being described?

A)functional foods.
B)phytochemicals.
C)zoochemicals.
D)health foods.

Question 14

Which statement about recommendations for the consumption of phytochemicals is TRUE?

A)The current recommendations are for 1,200 IU/day.
B)All the phytochemicals have been identified,making recommendations possible.
C)The impact of the total diet is more significant than any single phytochemical.
D)Recommendations reflect the fact that beta-carotene is the most important phytochemical.

Question 15

Good sources of carotenoids include all of the following EXCEPT one.Which one?

A)carrots.
B)apples.
C)apricots.
D)spinach.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of indoles?

A)Preventing the conversion of nitrates into nitrites.
B)Boosting the activity of cancer-destroying enzyme systems.
C)Inactivating the hormone estrogen.
D)Activating sex hormones.

Question 17

Substances found in animal foods that are NOT essential nutrients but that may have health-promoting properties.What is being described?

A)functional foods.
B)phytochemicals.
C)zoochemicals.
D)health foods.

Question 18

Which two phytochemicals reduce the risk of macular degeneration?

A)beta-carotene;lycopene
B)alpha-carotene;beta-cryptoxanthin
C)lycopene;alpha-carotene
D)lutein;zeaxanthin

Question 19

A high intake of carotenoid-containing foods has been associated with a reduced risk of all of the following EXCEPT one?

A)some cancers.
B)cardiovascular disease.
C)type-1-diabetes.
D)age-related eye disease.

Question 20

Which statement about phytochemicals is TRUE?

A)There are hundreds of them.
B)They serve no purpose in the plants in which they are found.
C)All plant chemicals have some beneficial properties for humans.
D)Animal tissues form many different types.

Question 21

Which statement about whole grains is TRUE?

A)Whole grains are beneficial because they provide some fibre,but they are a poor source of phytochemicals.
B)Whole grains provide significant phytochemicals,but it is much less than those provided by fruits and vegetables.
C)Whole grains are almost as good a source of phytochemicals as fruits and vegetables.
D)Whole grains provide as many if not more phytochemicals than fruits and vegetables.

Question 22

What is the best way to ensure you consume an abundance of carotenoids,flavonoids,and other phytochemicals?

A)take daily phytochemical supplements.
B)consume a wide variety of vegetables and fruits that include a rainbow of colours.
C)consume red meat and French fries on a regular basis.
D)eat fewer than 5 daily servings of fruits and vegetables.

Question 23

Which statement accurately describes the health-promoting properties of whole grains?

A)They are mainly found in the endosperm.
B)They are primarily the result of dietary fibre.
C)They are due to the synergistic effects of a variety of phytochemicals and other nutrients.
D)They are the same as the health-promoting effects of processed grains.

Question 24

All of the following protein sources will increase the consumption of phytochemicals EXCEPT one.Which one?

A)fish.
B)soybeans.
C)legumes.
D)nuts.

Question 25

Which statement about the dietary recommendation for whole grains is CORRECT?

A)The recommendation for an adult is 5 servings of whole grains per day.
B)The recommendation is to get half of the grain servings from whole grains.
C)The recommendation for a teen is 3servings of whole grains per day.
D)The recommendation for whole grains is due to their polyphenol content.

Question 26

Which statement best describes the fruit and vegetable consumption of the majority of Canadians?

A)more fruits and vegetables than is recommended.
B)exactly the amount of recommended fruits and vegetables.
C)fewer fruits and vegetables than is recommended.
D)the right amount of fruits and vegetables,but do not get sufficient variety.

Question 27

Which accurately describes a similarity between phytochemicals in food and phytochemicals in supplements?

A)Supplements can provide all the phytochemicals found in foods.
B)Supplements can provide all the benefits obtained from a diet high in natural sources of phytochemicals.
C)Supplements can provide some of the same benefits as phytochemicals in food.
D)Supplements can provide the same level of synergism that comes from eating a variety of phytochemicals.

Question 28

What is one problem with phytochemical supplements and phytochemical-fortified foods?

A)the amounts added to supplements may be too small to have an impact on overall health.
B)the amounts that are added to supplements and foods may to be too large and may cause phytochemical deficiency.
C)they are typically over-processed and high in fat,which negates any benefits of the added phytochemicals.
D)there are no problems associated with phytochemical supplements and phytochemical-fortified foods.

Question 29

Whole grain intake is associated with a decreased risk of all of the following EXCEPT one.Which one?

A)osteoporosis.
B)obesity.
C)cardiovascular disease.
D)cancer.

Question 30

Margarines that contain added plant sterols to help lower cholesterol are considered

A)nutraceuticals.
B)enriched foods.
C)a therapeutic drug.
D)functional foods.