Question 1

Research indicates children with autism spectrum disorder have some associated neuroanatomical changes that can be mapped to specific behavioral deficits. Children who exhibit impaired implicit memory may have an abnormal:

A) temporal lobe.
B) hippocampus.
C) cerebellum.
D) prefrontal cortex.

cerebellum.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is associated with motor control and cognitive functions, including implicit memory, which is the unconscious memory of skills and tasks. Abnormalities in the cerebellum can lead to deficits in implicit memory.

Question 2

Asperger's syndrome is a milder form of _____.&#10;A) hyperactivity&#10;B) Down syndrome&#10;C) autism&#10;D) hyperlexia

Accepted Answer

Asperger's syndrome is considered a milder form of autism, affecting social communication and behavior. It is not related to hyperactivity or Down syndrome, and while there may be some overlap with hyperlexia (a precocious ability in reading), it is not considered a milder form of that condition.

Question 3

_____ is the most common behavioral disturbance in children; it is characterized in part by impulsive behavior.&#10;A) Hyperactivity&#10;B) Autism&#10;C) Fetal alcohol syndrome&#10;D) Cerebral palsy

Accepted Answer

Hyperactivity, also known as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is the most common behavioral disturbance in children. It is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Question 4

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) produces a wide range of brain abnormalities, including all of the following EXCEPT:&#10;A) abnormal gyri.&#10;B) abnormal clusters of cells.&#10;C) underdeveloped brains.&#10;D) enlarged ventricles.

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) typically results in underdeveloped brains, abnormal gyri, and abnormal clusters of cells, but it does not typically cause enlarged ventricles. Enlarged ventricles are more commonly associated with conditions like hydrocephalus.

Question 5

Developmentally dyslexic individuals tend to score low on which subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children?&#10;A) picture completion&#10;B) arithmetic&#10;C) object assembly&#10;D) vocabulary

Accepted Answer

Developmentally dyslexic individuals often have difficulties with tasks that involve mathematical concepts and operations, which are assessed in the arithmetic subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.

Question 6

Boys are NOT diagnosed more with _____ than girls.&#10;A) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder&#10;B) fragile-X syndrome&#10;C) autism&#10;D) acquired dyslexia

Accepted Answer

Acquired dyslexia, unlike the other conditions listed, does not have a significant gender disparity in diagnosis rates. Conditions like ADHD, fragile-X syndrome, and autism are known to be diagnosed more frequently in boys than in girls.

Question 7

_____ could account for why people with autism report that the sound of traffic is frighteningly loud and noxious.&#10;A) Habituation failure&#10;B) Explicit memory deficits&#10;C) Hyperlexia&#10;D) Emotional reactivity

Accepted Answer

Habituation failure could explain why people with autism find certain sounds overwhelmingly loud or distressing, as they may not decrease their response to these sounds over time like individuals typically do.

Question 8

Normal readers can discriminate between two auditory stimuli separated by intervals as brief as _____ milliseconds.&#10;A) 100&#10;B) 60&#10;C) 10&#10;D) 250

Accepted Answer

Normal readers can discriminate between two auditory stimuli separated by intervals as brief as 10 milliseconds. This ability is known as temporal resolution and is important for processing speech and other complex auditory stimuli.

Question 9

Fragile - X syndrome involves a protein that affects a couple of different receptors. Which of the following treatments have proven some success in treatment of the social deficits in these patients?&#10;A) dopamine agonists&#10;B) glutamate agonists&#10;C) cholinergic agonists&#10;D) GABA agonists

Accepted Answer

GABA agonists have shown some success in treating social deficits in Fragile X syndrome by targeting the imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.

Question 10

The symptoms of _____ with fragile - X syndrome are generally less severe than those of _____.&#10;A) children; adults&#10;B) adults; children&#10;C) males; females&#10;D) females; males

Accepted Answer

Fragile X syndrome typically presents more severe symptoms in males than in females due to the presence of only one X chromosome in males, whereas females have two X chromosomes, which can mitigate the effects.

Question 11

_____ is a term describing unusual reading ability in otherwise cognitively impaired persons, such as children with autism.&#10;A) Hypsography&#10;B) Hyperlexia&#10;C) Hypergraphia&#10;D) Hypolexia

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is a term describing unusual reading...

Question 12

The fact that children who enter school at a younger age perform at a significantly lower level than their older classmates do shows what is called the _____ effect.&#10;A) maturational&#10;B) birthday&#10;C) seasonal&#10;D) hockey&#10;Answer Key

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that children who enter school...

Question 13

The effects of fetal alcohol syndrome are worst if drinking takes place during the _____.&#10;A) first trimester&#10;B) second trimester&#10;C) third trimester&#10;D) last month of pregnancy

Accepted Answer

The answer of The effects of fetal alcohol syndrome are...

Question 14

Bradley and Bryant suggest that normal reading initially requires _____.&#10;A) lexical skills&#10;B) phonemic awareness&#10;C) graphemic skills&#10;D) spatial concentration

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bradley and Bryant suggest that normal reading...

Question 15

_____ is treated by the insertion into one lateral ventricle of a valve and a tube that passes into a jugular vein to drain into the cardiac atrium.&#10;A) Cerebral palsy&#10;B) Hyperlexia&#10;C) Fragile-X syndrome&#10;D) Hydrocephalus

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is treated by the insertion into...

Deck 24: Extension: C - Neurodevelopmental Disorders