Deck 24: Extension: B - Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

What is the birthday effect?

Answer 1

The birthday effect is the influence of one's birth date on subsequent success at sports or school. Neuropsychologists need to be aware of the phases of cognitive development and their relationship to chronological age. Literature indicates students who start school early perform significantly poorer in school. Moreover, they have more emotional problems, demonstrating maturational age is critical to learning.

Question 2

What are some early signs that a child may have an autism spectrum disorder?

Answer 2

Early signs include avoiding physical contact with parents or caregivers (they may arch their backs when touched), narrow peer play, and insisting on sameness.

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the researcher(s) in each question with the correct focus.
Ruffino ___

A)sluggish attention shifting
B)deficiency in phonemic awareness
C)too rapid presentation of sounds
D)cerebral palsy

Answer 3

sluggish attention shifting

Question 4

Distinguish between cerebral palsy and hydrocephalus.

Question 5

How is attention - deficit/hyperactivity disorder distinguished from other types of learning disabilities?

Question 6

What are the four categories of potential causes of cerebral palsy? Give an example of each.

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions:
For each question, select the correct symptom or profile from the list below.
savant ___

A)precocious reading
B)ACID
C)isolated cognitive skills
D)extreme social withdrawal

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the researcher(s) in each question with the correct focus.
Bradley and Bryant ___

A)sluggish attention shifting
B)deficiency in phonemic awareness
C)too rapid presentation of sounds
D)cerebral palsy

Question 9

Why do the authors recommend that women not drink any alcohol during pregnancy?

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions:
For each question, select the correct symptom or profile from the list below.
autism ___

A)precocious reading
B)ACID
C)isolated cognitive skills
D)extreme social withdrawal

Question 11

What is the basic premise of the Geschwind-Galaburda hypothesis? Do you find any flaw in this premise?

Question 12

Distinguish between graphemic and phonological reading. Give an example of each.

Question 13

Why do stimulants such as amphetamines sometimes improve the performance of cognitive skills in learning - disabled children?

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the researcher(s) in each question with the correct focus.
Little ___

A)sluggish attention shifting
B)deficiency in phonemic awareness
C)too rapid presentation of sounds
D)cerebral palsy

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions:
For each question, select the correct symptom or profile from the list below.
dyslexia ___

A)precocious reading
B)ACID
C)isolated cognitive skills
D)extreme social withdrawal

Question 16

What does the research of Tallal suggest is a leading cause of learning disabilities?

Question 17

According to DSM - 5, what are the main diagnostic criteria of ADHD?

Question 18

What is the ACID profile? What does it show regarding learning - disabled children?

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions:
For each question, select the correct symptom or profile from the list below.
hyperlexia ___

A)precocious reading
B)ACID
C)isolated cognitive skills
D)extreme social withdrawal

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the researcher(s) in each question with the correct focus.
Tallal ___

A)sluggish attention shifting
B)deficiency in phonemic awareness
C)too rapid presentation of sounds
D)cerebral palsy

Question 21

How do the feelings of learning - disabled persons toward school differ from the feelings of nonlearning - disabled persons toward school? Why do you think that may be?

Question 22

How would you counsel the parents of a child with mild learning disabilities, which are, in all likelihood, due to some genetic cause?