Deck 22: Extension: B - Attention and Consciousness

Question 1

Identify the different attentional mechanisms suggested by electrophysiological evidence from monkeys.

Answer 1

V4 neurons are selective to color and form; ventral TE demonstrates selectivity to objects. Neurons in both regions can adapt to respond to targets in a more specific region of the receptive field of the neuron based on task demands.

Question 2

Use the following to answer questions:
Based on work by Maurizio Corbetta, match the following processes with the corresponding region of brain activation.
attention to shape

A)area V4
B)anterior cingulate
C)areas V3 and TE
D)parietal cortex

Answer 2

areas V3 and TE

Question 3

What is different about Posner and Petersen's "dual executive system" in the frontal lobes?

Answer 3

Posner and Petersen's dual executive model is somewhat controversial given that many researchers prefer a single, unified executive network theory. The current Posner and Peterson model suggests a top-down dorsolateral-PFC-parietal network for transient attention, and a separate anterior/cingulate medial frontal-anterior insular network for mediating sustained attentional activity.

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions:
Based on work by Maurizio Corbetta, match the following processes with the corresponding region of brain activation.
attention to location

A)area V4
B)anterior cingulate
C)areas V3 and TE
D)parietal cortex

Question 5

Cite evidence that attention is not a "thing in a place" in the brain.

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions:
A number of interesting theoretical ideas have been suggested regarding attention, consciousness, and related concepts. Match the concept in each question with the appropriate person(s) from the list below.
dual executive systems ___

A)Treisman
B)Moran and Desimone
C)Kahneman
D)Posner and Petersen

Question 7

What constitutes a feature?

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions:
Based on work by Maurizio Corbetta, match the following processes with the corresponding region of brain activation.
attention to color

A)area V4
B)anterior cingulate
C)areas V3 and TE
D)parietal cortex

Question 9

Define parallel processing and serial processing. Explain how they work together in feature searches.

Question 10

What is the evidence that the response characteristics of neurons in the monkey brain change with task demands?

Question 11

Why does finding a target with an extra feature take less time than finding one that lacks a common feature?

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions:
Based on work by Maurizio Corbetta, match the following processes with the corresponding region of brain activation.
both selective and divided attention

A)area V4
B)anterior cingulate
C)areas V3 and TE
D)parietal cortex

Question 13

What evolutionary advantage might there be for faster detection of sad versus happy faces?

Question 14

Describe the role of selective attention in the neural responses of the monkey in the experiment by Moran and Desimone.

Question 15

How do the results of the Corbetta et al. study shed light on the finding that patients with right - posterior parietotemporal lesions show more pronounced contralateral neglect than do patients with left - hemisphere lesions?

Question 16

What is the evidence that stress might have a detrimental effect on attention?

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions:
A number of interesting theoretical ideas have been suggested regarding attention, consciousness, and related concepts. Match the concept in each question with the appropriate person(s) from the list below.
feature maps ___

A)Treisman
B)Moran and Desimone
C)Kahneman
D)Posner and Petersen

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions:
A number of interesting theoretical ideas have been suggested regarding attention, consciousness, and related concepts. Match the concept in each question with the appropriate person(s) from the list below.
attention in area TE ___

A)Treisman
B)Moran and Desimone
C)Kahneman
D)Posner and Petersen

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions:
A number of interesting theoretical ideas have been suggested regarding attention, consciousness, and related concepts. Match the concept in each question with the appropriate person(s) from the list below.
divided attention___

A)Treisman
B)Moran and Desimone
C)Kahneman
D)Posner and Petersen

Question 20

Define "bottom - up" processing and "top - down" processing. Give an example of each.

Question 21

What evidence did Jeannerod and colleagues find regarding the dissociation between behavior and awareness?

Question 22

Why do patients with left parietal lesions generally not experience neglect while patients with right parietal lesions do?

Question 23

What is "attentional blink"?

Question 24

Which processes are critical for consciousness?

Question 25

What are the paradigms of inattention?

Question 26

What brain regions would you expect to be particularly active in a PET scan during a task in which the attended stimulus is presented in the left visual field only?

Question 27

Regarding the cerebral source of consciousness, discuss which brain regions have been identified as crucial to conscious behavior.

Question 28

Distinguish between frontal lobe neglect and parietal lobe neglect.