Deck 19: Extension: C - Language

Question 1

The conclusion that the same brain areas are involved in both speech and signing is based primarily on:

A) observations that signers are usually right-handed too.
B) fMRI data on signing and speech.
C) observations that aphasia in signers usually involves the right hemisphere.
D) EEG data of brain activity.

Answer 1

fMRI data on signing and speech.

Question 2

_____ may refer to a disorder of language apparent in speech, in writing (in this case also called _____), or in reading (also called _____), produced by injury to brain areas specialized for these functions.

A) Dysthymia; dyslexia; Wernicke's syndrome
B) Aphasia; agraphia; alexia
C) Agnosia; prosopagnosia; global aphasia
D) Akinetopsia; achromatopsia; dyslexia

Answer 2

Aphasia; agraphia; alexia

Question 3

The ability to _____ is least important for language formation.

A) categorize
B) form sounds
C) sequence behaviors
D) label categories

Answer 3

form sounds

Question 4

Yerkish is _____.

A) a form of sign language
B) an artificial language involving keyboard symbols
C) the language spoken by ancient Yerks in Yerkey
D) a Pidgin language

Question 5

Swadish based his hypothesis about the origins of human language on:

A) the relative positioning of the larynx in humans and apes.
B) the fossil record.
C) the rate of change of dialects.
D) X-rays of modern and ancient skulls.

Question 6

The smallest meaningful units of a word are called _____.

A) morphemes
B) lexicals
C) vowels
D) phonemes

Question 7

The language disorder known as "word deafness" falls under which of the headings of aphasic syndromes listed in the text?

A) fluent aphasias
B) pure aphasias
C) dyslexic aphasias
D) afluent aphasias

Question 8

Which neurosurgeon is responsible for mapping the language areas of the human cortex through the use of electrical stimulation given to patients before surgery?

A) Wernicke
B) Damasio
C) Penfield
D) Geschwind

Question 9

Syntax is more generally referred to as _____.

A) word flow
B) grammar
C) prosody
D) articulation

Question 10

According to Dronkers et al., damage to which language structure in the cerebral cortex leads to apraxia of speech (difficulty in producing sequences of speech sounds)?

A) insula
B) Broca's area
C) superior temporal gyrus
D) Heschl's gyrus

Question 11

According to Brodmann's neuroanatomical identification scheme, Broca's area is referred to as _____, and Wernicke's area is referred to as _____.

A) areas 44 and 45; area 22
B) the perisylvian region; the inferior frontal cortex
C) the arcuate fasciculus; the perforant pathway
D) IT; TE

Question 12

An imaging study done by Damasio et al. (1996) demonstrated that:

A) both temporal lobes are functionally symmetrical in nonhuman animals.
B) phylogenetically the temporal lobe was the last part of the brain to develop.
C) temporal lobe seizures actually begin in the basal ganglia.
D) there are separate regions in the temporal lobe for the storage of different categories of information.

Question 13

Which is the name given to the developmental language disorder that can be described in the following way? When one letter is present, letter naming is normal. When more than one letter is present, letter naming is difficult. Even if a letter is specially colored, underlined, has an arrow pointing to it, and is pointed to by the tester, it may be named incorrectly when it is not alone.

A) deep dyslexia
B) attentional dyslexia
C) phonological dyslexia
D) surface dyslexia

Question 14

Which is NOT a component of Wernicke's aphasia?

A) the speech defect known as "word salad"
B) a deficit in categorizing sounds
C) impairment in writing
D) speech conduction impairment