Deck 19: Extension: B - Language

Question 1

Use the following to answer questions:
Neuropsychologists and others concerned with language disorders have a specialized vocabulary that facilitates communication concerning these disorders. Match each term with the appropriate alternative from the list below.
alexia ___

A)unintended word production
B)word-finding deficit
C)muscular incoordination
D)reading deficit

Answer 1

reading deficit

Question 2

How would you answer a beginning psychology student who asks, "Where in the brain is language localized?"

Answer 2

There are several, at least a dozen, regions involved in language. In fact some research coming out of intraoperative cortical stimulation shows that an immense amount of brain is involved. However, we tend to simplify by focusing on two primary regions: Broca's area in the inferior frontal cortex that subserves speech production and Wernicke's area located in the superior temporal gyrus that underlies language comprehension. Additionally, we know that a large majority of individuals have language processes lateralized to the left hemisphere.

Question 3

What is "Yerkish"? Is it really a language? If so, why? If not, why not?

Answer 3

Yerkish was a computer-based system that was used to teach Lana the chimp to communicate. The keyboard was composed of nine stimuli and nine colors that could be combined into 1,800 lexigrams. I believe it was a language in that it allowed for communication between the chimp and her caregivers. Additionally, Lana's offspring learned Yerkish by watching his mother much in the way children acquire language.

Question 4

Identify three examples of phonemes and three examples of morphemes in this sentence.

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions:
Neuropsychologists and others concerned with language disorders have a specialized vocabulary that facilitates communication concerning these disorders. Match each term with the appropriate alternative from the list below.
paraphasia ___

A)unintended word production
B)word-finding deficit
C)muscular incoordination
D)reading deficit

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions:
Neuropsychologists and others concerned with language disorders have a specialized vocabulary that facilitates communication concerning these disorders. Match each term with the appropriate alternative from the list below.
anarthria ___

A)unintended word production
B)word-finding deficit
C)muscular incoordination
D)reading deficit

Question 7

About how long ago did human language develop? Gather the evidence for your answer.

Question 8

With regards to the dual language model, compare and contrast the roles of the dorsal and ventral language pathways

Question 9

Explain the simplicity of the Wernicke - Geschwind model?

Question 10

Describe how the evolution of the vocal tract has resulted in a much greater ability on the part of humans, compared with apes, to produce speech sounds.

Question 11

List four major findings based on experiments involving electrical stimulation of the human brain. Which one do you think had the most influence on neuropsychology?

Question 12

How do PET scan studies on word generation differ from the Wernicke-Geschwind model of language production?

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions:
Neuropsychologists and others concerned with language disorders have a specialized vocabulary that facilitates communication concerning these disorders. Match each term with the appropriate alternative from the list below.
anomia ___

A)unintended word production
B)word-finding deficit
C)muscular incoordination
D)reading deficit

Question 14

The fMRI studies of Binder and coworkers found four general brain regions activated by words. What are these?

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions:
Recent studies using PET scanning have changed the view of language localization in the human brain. Demonstrate that your brain has been appropriately reorganized by choosing the correct alternative for each aspect of word generation with the anatomical location related to it from the list below.
passive viewing of words ___

A)left inferofrontal cortex
B)left inferotemporal cortex
C)Broca's area
D)left visual cortex

Question 16

Use the following to answer questions:
Recent studies using PET scanning have changed the view of language localization in the human brain. Demonstrate that your brain has been appropriately reorganized by choosing the correct alternative for each aspect of word generation with the anatomical location related to it from the list below.
verb generalization ___

A)left inferofrontal cortex
B)left inferotemporal cortex
C)Broca's area
D)left visual cortex

Question 17

Discuss theories of language evolution that emphasize changes to the vocal tract with those that focus on the brain.

Question 18

What are the four separate abilities necessary for language?

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions:
Recent studies using PET scanning have changed the view of language localization in the human brain. Demonstrate that your brain has been appropriately reorganized by choosing the correct alternative for each aspect of word generation with the anatomical location related to it from the list below.
retrieval of meaningful cue - related information ___

A)left inferofrontal cortex
B)left inferotemporal cortex
C)Broca's area
D)left visual cortex

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions:
Recent studies using PET scanning have changed the view of language localization in the human brain. Demonstrate that your brain has been appropriately reorganized by choosing the correct alternative for each aspect of word generation with the anatomical location related to it from the list below.
noun recognition - naming ___

A)left inferofrontal cortex
B)left inferotemporal cortex
C)Broca's area
D)left visual cortex

Question 21

Your patient has undergone a left hemispherectomy to remove cancerous tissue. What symptoms should the patient and the family expect?

Question 22

Distinguish, on the basis of the type of language errors produced, among fluent aphasia, nonfluent aphasia, and word deafness.

Question 23

How does the dual - route theory account for deep and surface dyslexia subtypes?
Answer Key

Question 24

Describe the model - building approach to understanding reading deficits and how it differs from more typical neurological approaches.

Question 25

Your patient has undergone a right hemispherectomy to remove cancerous tissue. What symptoms should the patient and the family expect?