Question 1

Damage to _____ is associated with altered sexual behavior.&#10;A) areas 8 and 9&#10;B) the dorsolateral prefrontal area&#10;C) the orbital prefrontal area&#10;D) area 44

Accepted Answer

The orbitofrontal area is associated with regulating emotional processing, decision-making, and impulse control, including sexual behavior. Damage to this area can result in alterations in sexual behavior, such as increased promiscuity, attraction to inappropriate partners, and hypersexuality.

Question 2

Which disorder is NOT characteristic of damage to the frontal lobe?&#10;A) pseudopsychopathy&#10;B) pseudodepression&#10;C) sensory deficits&#10;D) sexual behavioral deficits

Accepted Answer

Damage to the frontal lobe is typically associated with changes in personality, emotion regulation, decision-making, and executive functioning. Pseudopsychopathy (a condition in which an individual appears to have psychopathic traits, but does not actually meet the diagnostic criteria for psychopathy) and pseudodepression (a condition that mimics symptoms of depression, but is not actually caused by a mood disorder) are both associated with frontal lobe damage, as are sexual behavioral deficits. However, sensory deficits are more commonly associated with damage to other areas of the brain, such as the parietal lobe.

Question 3

Risk - taking behavior, particularly on tasks that involve gambling, has been shown to be influenced by which portion of the prefrontal cortex?&#10;A) the orbitofrontal cortex&#10;B) the cingulate cortex&#10;C) area 44&#10;D) Broca's area

Accepted Answer

The orbitofrontal cortex has been linked to risk-taking behavior, particularly in tasks that involve gambling. Studies have shown that damage to this area can lead to decreased risk-taking behavior.

Question 4

The dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus projects to the region of the frontal lobe called the _____.&#10;A) Broca's area&#10;B) frontal eye field&#10;C) prefrontal cortex&#10;D) premotor cortex

Accepted Answer

The dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus projects to the prefrontal cortex, which is a region of the frontal lobe involved in higher cognitive functions such as decision-making, planning, and personality expression. Broca's area is a language production region in the frontal lobe, the frontal eye field is involved in eye movements, and the premotor cortex is involved in coordinating movements.

Question 5

Which brain region is NOT a site from which the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex receives inputs?&#10;A) the posterior parietal lobe&#10;B) the cingulate cortex&#10;C) the cerebellum&#10;D) the basal ganglia

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is not a site from which the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex receives inputs. The other brain regions listed (posterior parietal lobe, cingulate cortex, and basal ganglia) are all known to send inputs to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Question 6

The orbitofrontal cortex is another name for the _____.&#10;A) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex&#10;B) inferior prefrontal cortex&#10;C) medial frontal cortex&#10;D) frontal eye field

Accepted Answer

The orbitofrontal cortex is also known as the inferior prefrontal cortex, located at the base of the frontal lobes above the orbits (eye sockets), involved in decision-making and emotional processing.

Question 7

Defective performance in _____ is more likely following left, rather than right, frontal - lobe damage.&#10;A) verbal fluency&#10;B) block construction&#10;C) time orientation&#10;D) design copying

Accepted Answer

Verbal fluency is associated with the left frontal lobe, so damage to this area is likely to affect performance in this area. Block construction and design copying are more associated with right hemisphere function, and time orientation is a more global cognitive function that is not specific to one hemisphere.

Question 8

Abnormalities in the dopaminergic projection from the tegmentum to the prefrontal regions occur in _____.&#10;A) schizophrenia&#10;B) Parkinson's disease&#10;C) Alzheimer's disease&#10;D) Huntington's disease

Accepted Answer

Abnormalities in the dopaminergic projection from the tegmentum to the prefrontal regions have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Parkinson's disease is characterized by dopaminergic degeneration in the substantia nigra, not the tegmentum, and Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease primarily affect different brain regions and neurotransmitter systems.

Question 9

_____ memory is mediated by the prefrontal cortex and involves the recollection of recent events and their order.&#10;A) Working&#10;B) Temporal&#10;C) Recency&#10;D) Short-term

Accepted Answer

Temporal memory relates to the recollection of recent events and their order and is mediated by the prefrontal cortex. Working memory refers to the temporary storage and manipulation of information, while short-term memory involves the retention of information for a brief period, typically up to 30 seconds. Recency memory refers specifically to the ability to recall the most recently presented items.

Question 10

The Wisconsin Card - Sorting Test is MOST appropriate to evaluate _____.&#10;A) behavioral spontaneity&#10;B) convergent thinking&#10;C) response inhibition&#10;D) memory

Accepted Answer

The Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test is designed to evaluate response inhibition, as it requires participants to sort cards according to different rules, and then switch to a new rule without being prompted, indicating their ability to inhibit a prepotent response.

Question 11

Disturbances in _____ typically occur only after bilateral frontal - lobe damage.&#10;A) verbal fluency&#10;B) time orientation&#10;C) understanding proverbs&#10;D) verbal learning

Accepted Answer

The answer of Disturbances in _____ typically occur only after...

Question 12

The term &#34;corollary discharge&#34; explains which frontal lobe phenomenon?&#10;A) that we do not perceive movement in the environment when we move our eyes&#10;B) that the right and left supplementary motor areas work antagonistically&#10;C) the increased activity in the right prefrontal area in response to speech generation&#10;D) the decrease in activation of the visual frontal cortex when auditory stimuli are received

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term &#34;corollary discharge&#34; explains which frontal...

Question 13

Impaired _____ discrimination is found with damage to the orbital area of the frontal lobe.&#10;A) visual&#10;B) olfactory&#10;C) auditory&#10;D) taste

Accepted Answer

The answer of Impaired _____ discrimination is found with damage...

Question 14

Which frontal region is MOST closely associated with Broca's aphasia?&#10;A) the orbital prefrontal&#10;B) area 4&#10;C) area 11&#10;D) area 44

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which frontal region is MOST closely associated...

Question 15

Poor working memory as a result of frontal - lobe damage is usually because of damage in _____.&#10;A) the orbital cortex&#10;B) the frontal eye fields&#10;C) left area 44&#10;D) the dorsolateral cortex

Accepted Answer

The answer of Poor working memory as a result of...

Deck 16: Extension: C - The Frontal Lobes