Question 1

The area of the visual cortex that receives the largest direct input from the lateral geniculate nucleus is _____.&#10;A) V1&#10;B) V2&#10;C) V3&#10;D) V4

Accepted Answer

The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is the primary relay center for visual information processing from the retina to the visual cortex. The LGN sends projections mainly to the primary visual cortex (V1), also known as the striate cortex. V1 occupies the posterior pole of the occipital lobe and contains a detailed retinotopic map of the visual world. Therefore, V1 receives the largest direct input from the LGN.

Question 2

Which region of the brain is associated with object analysis?&#10;A) the lateral occipital&#10;B) the superior temporal sulcus&#10;C) the lateral intraparietal sulcus&#10;D) the ventral intraparietal sulcus

Accepted Answer

The lateral occipital region is associated with object analysis, particularly in recognizing and identifying objects based on their shapes and features.

Question 3

Destruction of one optic nerve will produce _____.&#10;A) scotoma&#10;B) monocular blindness&#10;C) homonymous hemianopia&#10;D) bitemporal hemianopia

Accepted Answer

The optic nerve from each eye carries visual information from that eye to the brain. Destruction of one optic nerve will result in a loss of vision in the corresponding eye, which is known as monocular blindness. Therefore, the correct option is B.

Question 4

The regions of cytochrome - rich areas in the occipital lobe are referred to as _____.&#10;A) lamina&#10;B) striations&#10;C) blobs or stripes&#10;D) layers

Accepted Answer

The regions of cytochrome-rich areas in the occipital lobe are referred to as "blobs or stripes." Lamina, striations, and layers are all terms used to describe different aspects of cortical organization, but do not specifically refer to cytochrome-rich areas in the occipital lobe.

Question 5

Neurons devoted to the perception of _____ are widespread, and their function is believed to be integral to the analysis of other features such as shape and motion.&#10;A) position&#10;B) size&#10;C) depth&#10;D) color

Accepted Answer

Neurons devoted to color perception are widespread and their function is believed to be integral to the analysis of other features such as shape and motion. This is supported by research on the visual cortex, which has identified specific areas dedicated to processing color information.

Question 6

Which visual function is a function of the dorsal stream regions?&#10;A) body analysis&#10;B) object-directed grasping&#10;C) analysis of landmarks&#10;D) analysis of biological motion

Accepted Answer

Object-directed grasping is a key function of the dorsal stream regions, which are involved in processing visual information related to the guidance of movement and action. The other options are functions of the ventral stream regions, which are involved in processing visual information related to the perception of objects, faces, and scenes.

Question 7

A patient such as D.B., who is able to point accurately to locations that he does not report seeing, is demonstrating _____.&#10;A) visual agnosia&#10;B) cortical blindness&#10;C) scintillating scotoma&#10;D) nystagmus

Accepted Answer

D.B.'s ability to point to locations he does not report seeing suggests that he is experiencing cortical blindness, also known as blindsight. This is a condition in which there is damage to the primary visual cortex, resulting in the inability to consciously perceive visual information, but some processing of visual information still occurs unconsciously, allowing for accurate pointing to visual stimuli. Visual agnosia is a condition in which there is difficulty recognizing or identifying visual stimuli, scintillating scotoma refers to a visual aura that can occur with migraines, and nystagmus is an involuntary eye movement.

Question 8

Apperceptive agnosia is usually related to damage in the _____.&#10;A) lateral occipital lobes&#10;B) bilateral calcarine fissure&#10;C) lateral geniculate nucleus&#10;D) anterior temporal lobe&#10;Answer Key

Accepted Answer

Apperceptive agnosia is typically associated with damage to the lateral occipital lobes, which are crucial for the integration of visual information into coherent perceptions.

Question 9

A patient who loses the ability to copy a drawing of an object, but can draw that object from memory, is demonstrating _____.&#10;A) prosopagnosia&#10;B) visuospatial agnosia&#10;C) associative agnosia&#10;D) visual form agnosia

Accepted Answer

This is a symptom of visual form agnosia, where the individual cannot recognize or copy visual forms but can still retrieve them from memory. Prosopagnosia is the inability to recognize faces, visuospatial agnosia is the inability to recognize spatial relationships, and associative agnosia is the inability to recognize objects despite being able to perceive their sensory features.

Question 10

A visual defect called _____ indicates damage to one optic tract, a lateral geniculate body, or area V1 of one occipital lobe.&#10;A) bitemporal hemianopia&#10;B) homonymous hemianopia&#10;C) color blindness&#10;D) small scotoma

Accepted Answer

Homonymous hemianopia is a visual defect in which half of the visual field is lost in both eyes. It indicates damage to one optic tract, a lateral geniculate body, or area V1 of one occipital lobe. Bitemporal hemianopia is the loss of the outer half of both visual fields and is typically due to damage in the optic chiasm. Color blindness and small scotoma are other types of visual defects that do not specifically indicate damage to these areas.

Question 11

Individuals with damage to area V1 can still receive visual input to higher levels, in part via a pathway involving the _____ nucleus of the thalamus.&#10;A) medial geniculate&#10;B) pulvinar&#10;C) collicular&#10;D) interstitial

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals with damage to area V1 can...

Question 12

People who have prosopagnosia cannot perceive _____ accurately.&#10;A) objects&#10;B) words&#10;C) faces&#10;D) motion

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who have prosopagnosia cannot perceive _____...

Question 13

Small blind spots resulting from small lesions in the occipital lobe are known as _____.&#10;A) scotomas&#10;B) nystagmus&#10;C) macular sparing&#10;D) hemianopia

Accepted Answer

The answer of Small blind spots resulting from small lesions...

Question 14

Milner and Goodale propose that the dorsal stream of visual processing is important for _____.&#10;A) object recognition&#10;B) color perception&#10;C) depth perception&#10;D) the visual control of action

Accepted Answer

The answer of Milner and Goodale propose that the dorsal...

Question 15

Individuals who lose their ability to see color because of brain damage have selective damage to area _____.&#10;A) V2&#10;B) V3&#10;C) V4&#10;D) V5

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals who lose their ability to see...

Deck 13: Extension: C - The Occipital Lobes