Question 1

The primary visual cortex is associated with which of the following anatomical landmarks?&#10;A) the lingual gyrus&#10;B) the central sulcus&#10;C) the calcarine sulcus&#10;D) the occipital fissure

Accepted Answer

The calcarine sulcus, also known as the primary visual cortex or V1, is located in the medial surface of the occipital lobe and is responsible for processing visual information from the eyes. The lingual gyrus (A) is involved in visual processing related to object recognition and the central sulcus (B) separates the frontal and parietal lobes. The occipital fissure (D) is not a anatomical landmark associated with the primary visual cortex.

Question 2

The condition in which there is an inability to use visual information to guide voluntary movement is called:&#10;A) optic ataxia.&#10;B) vestibular ataxia.&#10;C) ideational apraxia.&#10;D) optic alexia.

Accepted Answer

Optic ataxia is a neurological disorder in which there is a deficit in the ability to use visual information to guide voluntary movement, resulting in problems with reaching or grasping objects in space. Vestibular ataxia refers to balance and coordination problems caused by dysfunction in the vestibular system, while ideational apraxia refers to the inability to plan or execute motor tasks despite intact sensory and motor function. Optic alexia is a reading disorder characterized by difficulty reading, often caused by damage to the brain's visual processing center.

Question 3

A patient who reports that moving objects suddenly freeze in one location, only to suddenly reappear at another location, is likely to have a lesion in the area of:&#10;A) V1.&#10;B) V2.&#10;C) V4.&#10;D) V5.

Accepted Answer

Lesions in V5, also known as the middle temporal (MT) visual area, can cause a disruption in motion perception known as akinetopsia. Akinetopsia is characterized by a difficulty in perceiving motion, and objects appear to suddenly freeze in one location and then reappear in another, disrupting smooth visual motion perception. Lesions in V1, V2, or V4 may cause various other visual impairments, but not akinetopsia.

Question 4

Cytochrome oxidase rich areas of V1 are called _____.&#10;A) stripes&#10;B) holes&#10;C) blobs&#10;D) barrels

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome oxidase rich areas of V1 are called blobs.

Question 5

When analyzing facial features, visual attention is directed more toward the:&#10;A) medial visual field.&#10;B) right visual field.&#10;C) left visual field.&#10;D) outlines of the face.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that people tend to focus more on the left visual field when analyzing facial features, as it is processed by the right hemisphere of the brain, which is specialized for facial recognition.

Question 6

The role of the visual pathway in the monkey brain that goes from V1 to the temporal lobe is visual:&#10;A) guidance of action.&#10;B) identification of location.&#10;C) object recognition.&#10;D) motion detection.

Accepted Answer

The visual pathway from V1 to the temporal lobe in the monkey brain is responsible for object recognition. This pathway includes areas such as V2, V4, and the inferotemporal cortex, which are specifically involved in the processing of complex visual features necessary for identifying and recognizing objects.

Question 7

The role of the dorsal stream is:&#10;A) the visual guidance of movement.&#10;B) the visual recognition of objects.&#10;C) color perception.&#10;D) the recognition of a species' typical behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The dorsal stream is responsible for the visual guidance of movement and is sometimes referred to as the "where" pathway, as it helps determine the spatial location of objects in the visual field.

Question 8

Blindness of one entire binocular visual field is termed _____.&#10;A) homonymous hemianopia&#10;B) bitemporal hemianopia&#10;C) quadratic anopia&#10;D) monocular blindness

Accepted Answer

Homonymous hemianopia is the term used to describe blindness in one entire binocular visual field. Bitemporal hemianopia refers to the loss of vision in both temporal visual fields, not just one. Quadratic anopia is not a recognized medical term. Monocular blindness only affects one eye, not the entire binocular visual field.

Question 9

Complete unilateral destruction of the left occipital lobe would result in:&#10;A) left visual field hemianopia.&#10;B) right visual field hemianopia.&#10;C) right monocular blindness.&#10;D) left monocular blindness.

Accepted Answer

Complete unilateral destruction of the left occipital lobe would result in a right visual field hemianopia, as visual information from both eyes is processed in the occipital lobes contralateral to the visual fields.

Question 10

Visual processing in humans continues beyond the occipital lobes to the:&#10;A) frontal and parietal lobes.&#10;B) frontal and temporal lobes.&#10;C) temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes.&#10;D) insular and entorhinal cortex.

Accepted Answer

Visual processing is not limited to the occipital lobes, but also involves the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes. These areas are responsible for higher-level processing, such as object recognition, spatial awareness, and attention.

Question 11

The superior temporal sulcus is characterized by significant numbers of _____ neurons.&#10;A) polysensory&#10;B) color-coding&#10;C) movement-sensitive&#10;D) depth-perception

Accepted Answer

The answer of The superior temporal sulcus is characterized by...

Question 12

A patient who reports no conscious awareness of a visual stimulus, and yet can accurately report its location, is likely exhibiting:&#10;A) macular sparing.&#10;B) anosognosia.&#10;C) apperceptive agnosia.&#10;D) blindsight.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient who reports no conscious awareness...

Question 13

Neurons in the _____ sulcus are active during the perception of biologically relevant motion.&#10;A) rhinal&#10;B) posterolateral&#10;C) inferior temporal&#10;D) superior temporal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neurons in the _____ sulcus are active...

Question 14

There are specialized regions of the visual cortex for processing all of the following stimuli EXCEPT:&#10;A) color.&#10;B) form.&#10;C) motion.&#10;D) emotion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are specialized regions of the visual...

Question 15

In the Milner - Goodale model, which of the following visual areas projects directly to the parietal visual areas?&#10;A) V1&#10;B) V5&#10;C) V2&#10;D) V4

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the Milner - Goodale model, which...

Question 16

As seen in subject B.K., preceding his stroke and development of a lasting scotoma, he had a history of _____ in which the aura was usually a(n) _____ .&#10;A) epilepsy; olfactory hallucination&#10;B) classic migraine; auditory hallucination&#10;C) epilepsy; lightheadedness&#10;D) classic migraine; left visual field defect

Accepted Answer

The answer of As seen in subject B.K., preceding his...

Question 17

Which of the following brain regions is primarily dedicated to visual processing?&#10;A) the occipital lobes&#10;B) the parietal lobes&#10;C) the temporal lobes&#10;D) the frontal lobes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following brain regions is...

Question 18

Patients with a left homonymous hemianopia often show sparing of left field vision from the _____ in both eyes.&#10;A) superior parafovea&#10;B) inferior parafovea&#10;C) fovea&#10;D) periphery

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patients with a left homonymous hemianopia often...

Question 19

Milner and Goodale base some of their model of vision beyond the occipital lobe on the finding in monkeys that many neurons in the posterior parietal lobe respond to visual stimuli only if _____.&#10;A) the monkey reaches for the stimulus&#10;B) the stimulus is moving&#10;C) the stimulus is meaningful to the monkey&#10;D) the stimulus is brightly colored

Accepted Answer

The answer of Milner and Goodale base some of their...

Question 20

Visual object recognition is most specifically a function of processing in the _____ stream.&#10;A) dorsal&#10;B) ventral&#10;C) lateral&#10;D) middle

Accepted Answer

The answer of Visual object recognition is most specifically a...

Question 21

The fMRI data gathered by Wilson and Farah support the idea that object identification and mental rotation mainly involve activity in the _____.&#10;A) right hemisphere&#10;B) left hemisphere&#10;C) left and right hemispheres&#10;D) left frontal lobe&#10;Answer Key

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fMRI data gathered by Wilson and...

Question 22

Widespread, bilateral damage to the lateral regions of the occipital cortex is MOST likely to result in:&#10;A) apperceptive agnosia.&#10;B) prosopagnosia.&#10;C) quadrantanopia.&#10;D) associative agnosia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Widespread, bilateral damage to the lateral regions...

Question 23

A person suffering from prosopagnosia would have difficulty:&#10;A) recognizing a portrait of his or her mother.&#10;B) recognizing the voice of his or her mother.&#10;C) remembering the name of his or her mother.&#10;D) recognizing a portrait, the voice, and the name of his or her mother.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person suffering from prosopagnosia would have...

Question 24

Associative agnosia is characterized by the ability to:&#10;A) describe the shape of an object but not its color.&#10;B) describe the physical characteristics of an object but not its identity.&#10;C) describe the identity of an object but not its physical characteristics.&#10;D) recognize objects in motion but not objects at rest.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Associative agnosia is characterized by the ability...

Question 25

Alexia can be considered to be due to:&#10;A) object agnosia for living things.&#10;B) object agnosia for human faces.&#10;C) object agnosia for letters and words.&#10;D) synesthesia for letters and words.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alexia can be considered to be due...

Deck 13: Extension: A - The Occipital Lobes