Deck 10: Extension: B - Principles of Neurocortical Function

Question 1

Use the following to answer questions:
Many neuroscientists have contributed to our understanding of the principles of neocortical function. Match the neuroscientist(s) with the term most representative of his(their) work.
Bard and Macht ___

A)decerebrate animals
B)sensory and motor unit theory
C)distributed hierarchy theory
D)behavior of the mesencephalic child

Answer 1

decerebrate animals

Question 2

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the individual in each question with the appropriate scientific contribution.
Brodmann ___

A)cortical stimulation
B)hierarchical model
C)cortical maps
D)cortical modules

Answer 2

cortical maps

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the individual in each question with the appropriate scientific contribution.
Luria

A)cortical stimulation
B)hierarchical model
C)cortical maps
D)cortical modules

Answer 3

hierarchical model

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions:
For each cortical area of the monkey listed, select the appropriate multisensory functions from the list below. (One of the functions below is used twice.)
ventral premotor cortex ___

A)auditory and visual
B)auditory and somatosensory
C)auditory, visual, and somatosensory

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions:
Various experiments have shown that in addition to the horizontal layered organization of the cortex, there are also vertical organizations, as described by investigators using various experimental techniques. For each type of organization listed, select the most appropriate alternative from the list below.
stripes ___

A)color perception in V1
B)whisker (vibrissa) perception
C)ocular dominance
D)visual perception in V2

Question 6

What is the anatomical basis for the observation that "spinal" animals are alert but decerebrate animals are not?

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the individual in each question with the appropriate scientific contribution.
Zeki ___

A)cortical stimulation
B)hierarchical model
C)cortical maps
D)cortical modules

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions:
Various experiments have shown that in addition to the horizontal layered organization of the cortex, there are also vertical organizations, as described by investigators using various experimental techniques. For each type of organization listed, select the most appropriate alternative from the list below.
barrels ___

A)color perception in V1
B)whisker (vibrissa) perception
C)ocular dominance
D)visual perception in V2

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions:
Many neuroscientists have contributed to our understanding of the principles of neocortical function. Match the neuroscientist(s) with the term most representative of his(their) work.
Gamper ___

A)decerebrate animals
B)sensory and motor unit theory
C)distributed hierarchy theory
D)behavior of the mesencephalic child

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions:
Various experiments have shown that in addition to the horizontal layered organization of the cortex, there are also vertical organizations, as described by investigators using various experimental techniques. For each type of organization listed, select the most appropriate alternative from the list below.
blobs ___

A)color perception in V1
B)whisker (vibrissa) perception
C)ocular dominance
D)visual perception in V2

Question 11

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the individual in each question with the appropriate scientific contribution.
Penfield ___

A)cortical stimulation
B)hierarchical model
C)cortical maps
D)cortical modules

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions:
Many neuroscientists have contributed to our understanding of the principles of neocortical function. Match the neuroscientist(s) with the term most representative of his(their) work.
Luria ___

A)decerebrate animals
B)sensory and motor unit theory
C)distributed hierarchy theory
D)behavior of the mesencephalic child

Question 13

What evidence suggests that the basic neural circuitry for walking includes spinal cord reflexes?

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions:
For each cortical area of the monkey listed, select the appropriate multisensory functions from the list below. (One of the functions below is used twice.)
caudomedial auditory belt area ___

A)auditory and visual
B)auditory and somatosensory
C)auditory, visual, and somatosensory

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions:
For each cortical area of the monkey listed, select the appropriate multisensory functions from the list below. (One of the functions below is used twice.)
occipital lobe ___

A)auditory and visual
B)auditory and somatosensory
C)auditory, visual, and somatosensory

Question 16

What is a "plastic" neural system?

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions:
Many neuroscientists have contributed to our understanding of the principles of neocortical function. Match the neuroscientist(s) with the term most representative of his(their) work.
Felleman and van Essen ___

A)decerebrate animals
B)sensory and motor unit theory
C)distributed hierarchy theory
D)behavior of the mesencephalic child

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions:
For each cortical area of the monkey listed, select the appropriate multisensory functions from the list below. (One of the functions below is used twice.)
superior temporal sulcus ___

A)auditory and visual
B)auditory and somatosensory
C)auditory, visual, and somatosensory

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions:
Various experiments have shown that in addition to the horizontal layered organization of the cortex, there are also vertical organizations, as described by investigators using various experimental techniques. For each type of organization listed, select the most appropriate alternative from the list below.
columns ___

A)color perception in V1
B)whisker (vibrissa) perception
C)ocular dominance
D)visual perception in V2

Question 20

Distinguish between decortication and low decerebration, in terms of the brain level of disconnection and typical behavioral differences.

Question 21

Describe a cortical column or module.

Question 22

Describe Luria's model dividing the cerebral cortex into two functional units, each with three hierarchical units.

Question 23

Distinguish between specific and nonspecific cortical afferents.

Question 24

What is meant by the binding problem? What is a proposed solution?

Question 25

What are cortical blobs? What are cortical barrels?

Question 26

Compare the behavioral capacities of high - and low - decerebrate animals.

Question 27

Name the general anatomical targets of the outputs from each of the six neocortical layers.

Question 28

Contrast Luria's model of cortical function with that of Felleman and van Essen.
Answer Key

Question 29

According to the results of studies of decorticate animals, what behavioral advantages appear to be conferred by the neocortex?

Question 30

Name the functional characteristics of the inputs to each of the six neocortical layers.

Question 31

List the major differences between pyramidal cells and aspiny neurons.

Question 32

What are the behavioral similarities and differences between normal infants and mesencephalic infants, such as those examined by Gamper and Brackbill?

Question 33

Distinguish between voluntary and automatic behaviors in terms of the level of the brain necessary for their production. Give two examples of each.