Question 1

According to Descartes, which human brain structure was the locus of the mind?&#10;A) the prefrontal lobe&#10;B) the pineal body&#10;C) the medial forebrain bundle&#10;D) the cerebellum

Accepted Answer

According to Descartes, the pineal body, also known as the pineal gland, was the locus of the mind. He believed that this gland was the point of communication between the mind and the body, and that it was where conscious experience was housed.

Question 2

Who thought that mental processes came from the heart, not the brain?&#10;A) Plato&#10;B) Aristotle&#10;C) Hippocrates&#10;D) Galen

Accepted Answer

Aristotle believed that the heart was the center of intelligence and the brain was a cooling mechanism for the blood.

Question 3

The brain is organized so that the _____ mediates cognitive functions, the _____ is responsible for regulatory functions like eating and sleeping, and the _____ is responsible for communication with the motor system.

A) medulla, pons, midbrain
B) left hemisphere, right hemisphere, midbrain
C) forebrain, brainstem, spinal cord
D) amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The forebrain is responsible for cognitive functions such as perception, thinking, and memory. The brainstem, which includes the medulla and pons, is responsible for regulating basic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and sleeping. The spinal cord communicates with the motor system to control movement. The hypothalamus, included in the brainstem, is responsible for regulating behaviors related to survival such as eating, sleeping, and reproduction, making it responsible for regulatory functions as well. The amygdala and hippocampus are within the forebrain and are important for emotion and memory, respectively, but are not directly responsible for the three functions mentioned in the question. The left and right hemispheres of the brain are also not specifically responsible for these functions.

Question 4

In terms of the similarity of their ideas about nature, who is Alfred Wallace BEST paired with?&#10;A) Pierre Flourens&#10;B) Marc Dax&#10;C) Paul Broca&#10;D) Charles Darwin

Accepted Answer

Alfred Wallace is best paired with Charles Darwin in terms of their ideas about nature. They both independently developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, which is one of the most important ideas in the history of science. They corresponded extensively on this topic and jointly presented their work on evolution at a meeting of the Linnean Society in 1858. While their ideas differed in some details, their overall perspectives on nature were very similar.

Question 5

So - called fluent aphasia, associated with damage to the left temporal lobe, was first accurately described and located by _____.&#10;A) Marc Dax&#10;B) Paul Broca&#10;C) Carl Wernicke&#10;D) Pierre Marie

Accepted Answer

Fluent aphasia associated with damage to the left temporal lobe was first accurately described and located by Carl Wernicke in 1874.

Question 6

If someone believes in a material brain that interacts with a nonmaterial mind, that person would be BEST called a _____.&#10;A) monist&#10;B) philosopher&#10;C) dualist&#10;D) psychologist

Accepted Answer

This person believes in the concept of dualism, which posits that the mind and body are separate entities. The material brain is part of the body, while the nonmaterial mind is separate and interacts with the brain.

Question 7

By studying individuals with damage to particular brain regions, memory researchers have found that different aspects of memories seem to be stored in different parts of the brain. As yet, however, the researchers have not determined how these elements are combined into an integrated memory of an event or stimulus. This is referred to as the _____ problem.

A) mnemonic
B) levels-of-processing
C) source
D) binding

Accepted Answer

The problem described of how different aspects of memories are integrated into an integrated memory of an event or stimulus is referred to as the binding problem. The other options are not relevant to the specific issue described in the question.

Question 8

Who coined the term &#34;synapse&#34;?&#10;A) Bernstein&#10;B) Galvani&#10;C) Huxley&#10;D) Sherrington&#10;Answer Key

Accepted Answer

The term "synapse" was coined by English physiologist Charles Sherrington in 1897. He used the term to describe the gap between neurons where chemical and electrical signals are transmitted.

Question 9

Today, when neuroscientists use the term &#34;mind,&#34; most are using it as shorthand for:&#10;A) spirit and soul.&#10;B) nonmaterial aspects of experience.&#10;C) heart function.&#10;D) the collective functions of the brain.

Accepted Answer

The most common modern use of the term "mind" among neuroscientists is to refer to the collective functions and processes of the brain. This includes things like perception, attention, memory, reasoning, and emotions. While there are certainly philosophical and spiritual traditions that view the mind as something separate from the physical brain, the majority of contemporary scientific research approaches the mind as a phenomenon that emerges from the activity of neurons and other cells in the brain.

Question 10

A cranioscopy was used for which purpose?&#10;A) to surgically remove parts of the cerebral cortex&#10;B) to excise subdural hematomas from the meninges of the brain&#10;C) to measure the bumps and depressions of the skull&#10;D) to observe the anatomical structures of an individual in a manner similar to the CAT scanner

Accepted Answer

A cranioscopy was used to measure the bumps and depressions of the skull. It was believed that these measurements could reveal aspects of an individual's personality and mental abilities. The practice was popularized by phrenologists in the 19th century.

Question 11

Gall and Spurzheim were the first to propose the general theory that _____.&#10;A) different parts of the brain had different functions&#10;B) brains were composed of individual units called neurons&#10;C) people use only a small fraction of their brains&#10;D) head circumference is positively correlated with intelligence

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gall and Spurzheim were the first to...

Question 12

Who first presented compelling evidence that the nervous system is composed of individual cells and is not a &#34;nerve net&#34;?&#10;A) Golgi&#10;B) Hughlings-Jackson&#10;C) Ram&#243;n y Cajal&#10;D) Goltz

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who first presented compelling evidence that the...

Question 13

Which subdivision of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for the transmission of sensory signals from the body to the contralateral side of the brain?&#10;A) the somatic&#10;B) the autonomic&#10;C) the spinal&#10;D) the parasympathetic

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which subdivision of the peripheral nervous system...

Question 14

From studying several cases of brain damage, who proposed that speech was located in the third convolution of the left frontal lobe?&#10;A) Carl Wernicke&#10;B) Paul Broca&#10;C) Jean Baptiste Bouillaud&#10;D) Santiago Ram&#243;n y Cajal

Accepted Answer

The answer of From studying several cases of brain damage,...

Deck 1: Extension: C - The Development of Neuropsychology