Deck 8: Personality: Vive La Différence

Question 1

For Freud, thoughts and feelings that are well below the surface of awareness and cannot normally be recalled are in the ______ mind.

A) unconscious
B) preconscious
C) collective unconscious
D) conscious

Answer 1

unconscious

Question 2

Freud proposed three personality structures: the id, the ego, and the ________.

A) superego
B) consciousness
C) preconsciousness
D) subconsciousness

Answer 2

superego

Question 3

Charise and Noreen were having a conversation about men. "You know," Noreen said, "I think my husband tries to annoy me! Even though he tries to do what I ask, I think that subconsciously he really enjoys ticking me off to see the reactions he'll get. Freud must have been right!" Charise, who has just studied personality psychology in school, replies to Noreen by saying which of the following?

A) "You're probably right, Noreen. Freud was really into subconscious motives."
B) "Freud's theory has absolutely no validity in the modern times, Noreen. Stop analyzing your husband!"
C) "Freud really didn't address the psychological functioning of men, Noreen, only women."
D) "Well, Noreen, there really is no 'subconscious' in Freud's theory!"

Answer 3

"Well, Noreen, there really is no 'subconscious' in Freud's theory!"

Question 4

In Sigmund Freud's theory, the _______ operates according to the pleasure principle.

A) id
B) ego
C) thanatos
D) superego

Question 5

You are quite hungry but don't have a dime to your name. If you were described as "all id and only id," what would you do?

A) Distract yourself with images of food.
B) Steal a hot dog from the vendor on the corner.
C) Run all the way home to get something to eat as soon as possible.
D) Use the defense mechanism of denial to thwart the hunger pangs until an appropriate meal can be obtained.

Question 6

Anthony is sick of writing papers and studying for tests, but he knows he needs a college degree if he wants to be successful in his chosen career. So every morning Anthony gives himself a dressing down-in essence yelling at himself-to make himself get out of bed and go to classes, and every evening he does the same thing to get himself to do his work. According to Freud, which personality structure is in control here?

A) id
B) ego
C) unconscious
D) superego

Question 7

"If it feels good do it" best describes the ______________.

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious

Question 8

For Freud, ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are currently aware are in the ______ mind.

A) unconscious
B) preconscious
C) collective unconscious
D) conscious

Question 9

The unique and relatively stable ways in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels is called __________.

A) personality
B) nurture
C) a trait
D) nature

Question 10

Jonas was filling out a job application and was required to disclose his home address, social security number, and e-mail address. According to Freud, this kind of general information in our memory that can be easily recalled is stored in the ________.

A) unconscious mind
B) subconscious mind
C) preconscious mind
D) conscious mind

Question 11

Derrick is an executive with a large financial firm. Any time his investments do poorly, he throws temper tantrums and breaks things. Then he starts barking orders at his secretary. Which personality structure would Freud say is exerting control?

A) id
B) superego
C) ego
D) preconscious

Question 12

Darla's father went to prison when she was four years old, following numerous domestic violence incidents with Darla's mother. Although Darla does not remember the violence, she is fearful of men and avoids intimate relationships. Freud would suggest that the problem lies with Darla's ________.

A) preconscious mind
B) id
C) conscious mind
D) unconscious mind

Question 13

"What did you have for lunch an hour ago?" Before I asked you that question, the information was in your _______________.

A) conscious level
B) unconscious level
C) postconscious level
D) preconscious level

Question 14

Freud believed that consciousness is divided into three levels: the unconscious, the conscious, and the ________.

A) superego
B) ego
C) preconscious
D) subconscious

Question 15

Many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg. If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska, what part of the mind would you see above the water?

A) ego
B) superego
C) id
D) preconscious

Question 16

Sigmund Freud proposed that his patients' disorders resulted most often from psychological conflicts related to ______________.

A) sex
B) denial
C) marriage
D) depression

Question 17

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Ron was mostly ___________.

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) libido

Question 18

Which of Freud's levels of consciousness consists of thoughts and feelings that can be easily brought into immediate awareness?

A) conscious level
B) unconscious level
C) preconscious level
D) postconscious level

Question 19

The __________ principle is associated with the element of personality that Freud called the id.

A) pleasure
B) reality
C) moral
D) preconscious

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the layers of consciousness proposed by Sigmund Freud?

A) conscious
B) conscience
C) preconscious
D) unconscious

Question 21

According to Freud, the result of conflict between the ego and the id or superego is ___________.

A) libido
B) depression
C) psychosis
D) neurosis

Question 22

According to Freud, the reality principle is ______.

A) the way in which the ego tries to delay satisfying the id's desires until it can do so safely and successfully and in a manner that does not violate the rules of the superego
B) the way in which the id tries to obtain gratification and avoid pain
C) the way in which the ego ideal establishes standards of what one would like to be
D) the way in which young children instinctively seek self-actualization

Question 23

For Freud, the only personality structure present at birth is the ______.

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious

Question 24

The ______ controls the satisfaction of the id's drives in the external world.

A) personal unconscious
B) ego
C) superego
D) persona

Question 25

In the metaphor the angel, the devil, and me, the angel is the ____________.

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) unconscious

Question 26

What is Freud's term for the component of the personality that has a realistic plan for obtaining gratification of an individual's desires?

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious

Question 27

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages focus on several parts of the body identified as _______.

A) focal zones
B) erogenous zones
C) pleasure zones
D) unconscious zones

Question 28

Yongmei is studying for her math test. Her boyfriend Marcus asks if she can go to the movies with him. She would love to go but she knows she has to study for the math test in order to pass the class. What part of Yongmei's personality will say "You must stay home and study because passing the class is necessary for you to graduate."

A) her ego because it is the moral conscience of her personality
B) her id because studying is what she really wants to do
C) her libido because she knows her boyfriend will love her more if she studies
D) her superego because it is this part of the personality that is the moral conscience

Question 29

In Freud's theory, the id is to fun as the superego is to ____________

A) guilt
B) pride
C) rules
D) freedom

Question 30

A personality that consisted of only the ego and the id would be completely ______.

A) illogical
B) selfless
C) rational
D) amoral

Question 31

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Hermione was mostly ___________.

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) libido

Question 32

The job of the _________ is to find practical ways for the _________ to get its pleasure needs met without offending the morality of the ________.

A) id; ego, superego
B) ego; id; superego
C) ego; superego; id
D) superego; id; ego

Question 33

An individual operating on the reality principle seeks ____________.

A) immediate gratification
B) perfect accomplishments
C) to reveal unconscious motivations
D) rational means for obtaining gratification

Question 34

Which element in Freud's personality theory contains the ego ideal?

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious

Question 35

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Harry was mostly ____________.

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) conscience

Question 36

The ego operates according to the ______.

A) guilt/pride principle
B) reality principle
C) pleasure principle
D) reflex principle

Question 37

Which of Freud's personality structures can be thought of as housing the human conscience?

A) id
B) superego
C) consciousness
D) subconsciousness

Question 38

For Freud, the moral guardian of personality is the ______.

A) id
B) superego
C) ego
D) libido

Question 39

Carolyn took home some printer paper from the office. Later, she felt guilty for stealing it so she brought some paper to work to replace what she took. Freud would suggest that Carolyn's ________ was influencing her motives and behavior.

A) id
B) unconscious mind
C) ego
D) superego

Question 40

In Freudian terms, the ________ provides the model standard of what a person should be.

A) reality principle
B) gratified reality
C) ego ideal
D) model reality

Question 41

According to Freud, during the first 12 months of life, the dominant source of physical gratification is the ______.

A) genitals
B) mouth
C) hands
D) anus

Question 42

Dan plays the trumpet, is on the debate team, bites his nails, and chews gum. Freud might say Dan was fixated in the ________ stage.

A) oral
B) anal
C) phallic
D) genital

Question 43

According to Freud, a boy's sexual attachment to his mother and jealousy of his father is called _______.

A) the Oedipus complex
B) the Electra complex
C) transference
D) countertransference

Question 44

What did Freud perceive as the outcome of successful resolution of the Oedipus complex?

A) attraction to the same-sex parent
B) attraction to the opposite-sex parent.
C) identification with the same-sex parent
D) identification with the opposite-sex parent

Question 45

According to Freud, the stage in which children develop a marked attachment to the parent of the opposite sex and become jealous of the same-sex parent is the ______.

A) anal stage
B) genital stage
C) oral stage
D) phallic stage

Question 46

Mahmoud was just told that his father has cancer. Mahmoud's first response is that there must be a mistake and he demands that the doctor repeat his tests. Which defense mechanism is at work here?

A) reaction formation
B) denial
C) repression
D) undoing

Question 47

Which of Freud's psychosexual stages is marked by successful formation of mature sexual love relationships?

A) oral
B) anal
C) phallic
D) genital

Question 48

The age at which a baby was weaned would have most impact on the ____ stage.

A) oral
B) anal
C) phallic
D) genital

Question 49

According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. During infancy, the psychosexual stage is called the _____________.

A) latency stage
B) oral stage
C) anal stage
D) phallic stage

Question 50

Donita is angry with her boss so she leaves work a little early in order to run an extra mile before it gets dark. Which defense mechanism is Donita employing?

A) repression
B) reaction formation
C) rationalization
D) sublimation

Question 51

Sigmund Freud proposed that little boys' fears that their fathers may retaliate against them for forbidden sexual and aggressive impulses may lead to ________.

A) penis envy
B) penis anxiety
C) castration phobia
D) castration anxiety

Question 52

Which of the Freudian stages of personality development begins around puberty?

A) oral
B) anal
C) phallic
D) genital

Question 53

What is Freud's term for the unconscious efforts by the ego to prevent unacceptable impulses from reaching consciousness?

A) false cognitions
B) coping techniques
C) disordered thinking
D) defense mechanisms

Question 54

Four-year-old Larry squeezes between his Mommy and Daddy as they sit together on the couch. He cuddles with Mommy and pushes Daddy away. This illustrates which Freudian concept?

A) superego
B) Oedipus complex
C) sublimation
D) regression

Question 55

What did Sigmund Freud believe could happen if our needs were delayed at a particular psychosexual stage?

A) We could become fixated at that stage.
B) We would revert to our biological predispositions.
C) We would be more capable of overcoming the obstacle in adulthood.
D) We could become overly dependent on the superego for future guidance.

Question 56

What is the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages?

A) latency, anal, oral, genital, phallic
B) oral, genital, latency, phallic, anal
C) anal, oral, latency, phallic, genital
D) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 57

When Candace ordered a hot fudge sundae and a diet soda, she told herself that the calories from the ice cream really were not a big deal because the diet soda sort of balanced it all out. Which of Freud's defense mechanisms is motivating Candace?

A) repression
B) rationalization
C) sublimation
D) projection

Question 58

According to Freud, when the realities of life are in conflict with someone's conscience or selfish desires, it results in a(n) ________.

A) psychosis
B) an Electra complex
C) neurosis
D) an Oedipal complex

Question 59

Toilet training takes place during which of Freud's psychosexual stages?

A) oral
B) anal
C) latency
D) phallic

Question 60

Jeromy has been having an affair with another woman. One afternoon his wife came home later than usual and Jeromy became angry-accusing his wife of infidelity. Which defense mechanism is behind Jeromy's accusation?

A) denial
B) projection
C) rationalization
D) reaction formation

Question 61

Which of Freud's followers believed that feelings of inferiority are central to personality development?

A) Adler
B) Jung
C) Dahrendorf
D) Erikson

Question 62

When you accept someone-faults and all-regardless of whether or not you like the individual or approve of his or her lifestyle, Rogers suggests that you are exhibiting ________.

A) restraint
B) unconditional positive regard
C) self-editing
D) genuineness

Question 63

In Carl Rogers's theory, our perception of our abilities, behaviors, and characteristics is known as ________.

A) personality
B) self-regard
C) self-esteem
D) self-concept

Question 64

Gary was rude to his mother and feels very bad about it. For the rest of the day, he went out of his way to be kind, not only to his mother, but to everyone he encountered. Which defense mechanism is Gary using?

A) denial
B) sublimation
C) intellectualization
D) undoing

Question 65

Horney criticized Freud for his idea of penis envy, suggesting that it is not the penis that women want but the power associated with being male in a male-dominated society. Your text refers to Horney's version as ____________.

A) privilege envy
B) castration anxiety
C) feminism
D) power envy

Question 66

Your teacher organizes a debate on Freudian theory. You are assigned to be on the anti-Freud side and, therefore, must point out problems in the theory. Which of the following will be at the top of your list?

A) Children do not have sexual motives.
B) Psychodynamic concepts are difficult to test.
C) Defense mechanisms actually increase anxiety.
D) Psychoanalytic therapy is effective for treating psychotics only.

Question 67

Which neo-Freudian viewed personality disturbances as resulting from the feelings of inferiority all people share?

A) Carl Jung
B) Alfred Adler
C) Carl Rogers
D) Karen Horney

Question 68

A(n) ________ is any of several unconscious psychological tools that helps an individual to avoid dealing with unpleasant or threatening thoughts.

A) defense mechanism
B) unconscious motive
C) motivated forgetting
D) suppressive reality

Question 69

Jung's idea that all people share certain ideas and memories at an unconscious level is what he called the ________.

A) subliminal consciousness
B) collective unconscious
C) stored consciousness
D) evolutionary consciousness

Question 70

According to Jung, the memories and ideas common to all of humankind represent that __________.

A) persona
B) personal unconscious
C) alter-ego
D) collective unconscious

Question 71

Unconditional positive regard is MOST important to the theory of ______.

A) Freud
B) Maslow
C) Jung
D) Rogers

Question 72

According to Rogers, which of the following people is most likely to have a healthy personality?

A) someone with a strongly developed superego
B) someone with an extraverted personality
C) someone brought up with conditional positive regard
D) someone brought up with unconditional positive regard

Question 73

Jerod has saved plenty of money and has a lucrative business that he enjoys. He likes to volunteer his time in the community and enjoys the company of others-but still saves time to be alone. One of his favorite things to do in the evening is sit outside and watch the sunset. Rogers might suggest that Jerod is ________.

A) retired
B) experiencing a superiority complex
C) self-actualizing
D) emotionally conditioned

Question 74

________ is credited with formulating client-centered therapy.

A) Adler
B) Jung
C) Maslow
D) Rogers

Question 75

A patient waiting for an appointment with Sigmund Freud looks around the room to see who else is waiting. Who among the following is most likely to have been one of Freud's patients?

A) Hal, a coal-mine worker who is severely depressed
B) Christopher, a businessman , who is severely depressed
C) Sue, a woman who is suffering from sexual repression
D) Mario, a soldier who is suffering from a hysterical disorder

Question 76

Carl Rogers emphasized accepting people for what they are, not for what you would like them to be. This acceptance is termed ___________.

A) conditional esteem
B) unconditional esteem
C) conditional positive regard
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 77

Which theory of personality was partially born as a reaction against the psychodynamic perspective?

A) humanistic perspective
B) trait perspective
C) projective perspective
D) inventory perspective

Question 78

When anxiety-provoking memories are prevented from reaching conscious awareness, such as not remembering lying to parents, it is called ________.

A) denial
B) sublimation
C) repression
D) regression

Question 79

Which of the following concepts is NOT found in the humanistic perspective of personality?

A) self-actualization
B) self-concept
C) free will
D) self-efficacy

Question 80

Which term was given to psychoanalysts who broke away from strict interpretation of Freud's theory and developed theories of their own that were based upon Freud's work?

A) retro-Freudians
B) nouveau-Freudians
C) neo-Freudians
D) anti-Freudians