Deck 17: Psychology Applied to Business and Other Professions

Question 1

When an employee contributes to the social welfare of the organization by cooperating and helping other employees or going beyond the call of duty to help the organization,this is an example of

A) simulated management task follow-through.
B) structured interview predictability.
C) in-basket success.
D) organizational citizenship.

Answer 1

organizational citizenship.

Question 2

The application of psychological principles to the world of work is the area of ________ psychology.

A) employment
B) industrial-organizational
C) human factors
D) business-management

Answer 2

industrial-organizational

Question 3

Tests that provide an actual sampling of manual skills required for a particular job are called ________ tests.

A) performance
B) ability
C) achievement
D) paper-and-pencil

Answer 3

performance

Question 4

The Purdue Pegboard,which utilizes pins,collars,and washers being fitted in holes and measures manual speed and accuracy,is an example of a(n)

A) in-basket exercise.
B) performance test.
C) interview activity.
D) unreliable and ill-used test.

Question 5

The procedure known as the "Purdue Pegboard" is an example of a/n ______ test.

A) intelligence
B) performance
C) assessment
D) projective

Question 6

Finding the right person for the right job is the task of ________ psychology.

A) cognitive-personnel
B) selection factors
C) social-learning
D) industrial-organizational

Question 7

The industrial-organizational psychologist typically uses psychological tests and measures

A) only to select new employees.
B) only when evaluating current employees.
C) when selecting new employees and evaluating current employees.
D) when marketing new products and evaluating sale of old products.

Question 8

Those psychologists who work in business are most often found in the ________ department.

A) marketing
B) consumer relations
C) personnel
D) production

Question 9

Which of the following sounds like a more typical task for an industrial-organizational psychologist?

A) to help schools design textbooks in order for students to learn better
B) to help companies increase job satisfaction of employees
C) to help understand developmental changes that occur due to maturation
D) to help comprehend how both hearing and vision work

Question 10

In which of the following areas has psychological knowledge of tests and measurements been most effectively applied in business?

A) advertising
B) selection of employees
C) training of employees
D) marketing of new products

Question 11

Employees who are assessed on their contribution to the social and psychological health of the organization are being assessed on the concept of

A) human-machine interface.
B) mainstreaming.
C) test-retest reliability.
D) organizational citizenship.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of unstructured job interviews?

A) They rarely seek information relevant to the job.
B) They assess personality factors.
C) They are not subject to bias.
D) They are good predictors of future job performance.

Question 13

When students evaluate faculty teaching at the end of the semester,this is an example of the evaluation known as

A) the simulated management task.
B) the structured interview.
C) a job performance rating.
D) an assessment center score.

Question 14

In a structured employment interview,every applicant is

A) asked to sit in the same chair.
B) interviewed at least twice.
C) interviewed by two people.
D) asked the same questions.

Question 15

Those psychologists who typically work with businesses are generally known as ______ psychologists.

A) industrial-organizational
B) social
C) development
D) health

Question 16

In an assessment center,completing the items in an in-basket for a manager would be an example of a

A) human-machine interface.
B) bureaucratic management style.
C) simulated management task.
D) participatory democracy.

Question 17

In job training programs,what are the best predictors of later job performance?

A) paper-and-pencil tests of intellectual ability
B) assessment centers using the in-basket exercise
C) personal information
D) job performance ratings

Question 18

Statements such as "Doesn't repeat same mistakes," and "Has good judgment" would most likely be found on

A) an intelligence test.
B) a job performance checklist.
C) an in-basket exercise task.
D) an employee health evaluation.

Question 19

Industrial-organizational psychologists attempt to do all of the following EXCEPT

A) work to improve employee selection.
B) treat employees with chronic mental illness.
C) increase work motivation and satisfaction.
D) develop ways to train new employees.

Question 20

Joan was asked to perform a simulated management task that was evaluated by a team of upper managers.What evaluation method was most likely used?

A) a structured interview
B) an assessment center
C) a checklist rating
D) a biodata technique

Question 21

A good way to tell whether members of a production team are satisfied with their jobs is to

A) find out their salary.
B) check their individual productivity levels.
C) count how many days they are absent.
D) measure their IQs.

Question 22

Intellectual ability tests are most useful in selecting people for ________ jobs.

A) simple
B) low-paying
C) sales
D) complex

Question 23

When women seek to be hired for powerful jobs,they are ______ likely to be hired as compared to men.

A) less
B) more
C) equally
D) not

Question 24

Which of the following is a strategy to improve both job satisfaction and productivity?

A) implement scientific management
B) ignore physical conditions
C) improve supervisory style
D) use human factors procedures

Question 25

Employees at every level of the business are actively engaged in decision making when ________ is being used.

A) participative management
B) scientific management
C) structuring
D) laissez-faire supervision

Question 26

When managers utilize the ______ method,teams of employees at every level of the organization are actively involved in decision-making.

A) laissez-faire management
B) participative management
C) dictatorial management
D) management by directive

Question 27

When a supervisor is high in structuring,it means that they

A) tend to have a personality that prefers an anal-retentive approach.
B) structure their own workday between paperwork and supervision.
C) spend time working on the weekly schedule to accommodate requests.
D) spend time organizing and directing the work of employees.

Question 28

Performance tests,assessment centers,and biodata are all generally ________ job selection measures.

A) inexpensive
B) time-consuming
C) useless
D) valid

Question 29

When an industrial-organizational psychologist shows an interest in the rate at which employees quit a particular job,she or he is interested in

A) management by objectives.
B) turnover.
C) participative management.
D) absenteeism.

Question 30

Your friend works for a major corporation that manufactures sprockets.If she says that job satisfaction is high in her plant,which of the following could you predict with the greatest accuracy?

A) Turnover and absenteeism are low.
B) Productivity is very high.
C) Job performance tests are not used for promotion purposes.
D) Intelligence tests are used to measure productivity.

Question 31

When intelligence tests are used to select employees,generally more ________ will be selected than ________.

A) females;males
B) African Americans;whites
C) Latin Americans;whites
D) whites;African Americans

Question 32

Of the type of jobs in the United States that offer high financial rewards or power over others,______ are held by men.

A) 33%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 66%

Question 33

One reason there are more men in powerful occupations than women is that women

A) score lower on tests of general intelligence.
B) score lower on performance ratings.
C) seek jobs above their qualifications.
D) seek jobs that involve helping people.

Question 34

The more satisfied employees are,the more

A) they tend to resign.
B) accidents they have.
C) productive they are.
D) work they miss.

Question 35

If a new employee has low intellectual ability,what would be an industrial-organizational psychologist's prediction about the employee's ability to learn a new job skill?

A) The employee will not have trouble with complex tasks.
B) The employee will have difficulty with easy tasks.
C) The new employee will have trouble with the new task.
D) Intellectual ability has no effect on job performance.

Question 36

The main reason that more intelligent employees perform their jobs better is that they

A) make fewer mistakes overall.
B) learn their jobs quicker.
C) are easier to train than others.
D) already know the new job demands.

Question 37

How well and how quickly new employees understand their job is best predicted by ________ tests.

A) intelligence
B) biodata
C) performance rating
D) assessment center

Question 38

If an employee is given the freedom to accomplish a specified set of goals,then the employee is working under the ________ approach.

A) scientific management
B) structuring
C) communicative
D) management by objectives

Question 39

Which of the following is the best predictor of later job performance and success in job-training programs?

A) intellectual ability
B) organizational flexibility
C) creativity
D) in-basket performance

Question 40

The most effective managers and supervisors are ______ and ______.

A) considerate;communicative
B) direct;non-manipulative
C) introverted;shy
D) narcissistic;self-centered

Question 41

The area of study that strives to increase the effectiveness,safety,and productivity of humans using machines is the area called

A) productivity training.
B) human factors engineering.
C) organizational psychology.
D) valence efficiency.

Question 42

When people work together on a project and a particular person works less hard because their diminished effort is hidden by the group effort,this phenomenon is known as

A) conformity.
B) group polarization.
C) social loafing.
D) groupthink.

Question 43

Which of the following management styles is more like to be used by a female manager?

A) transformational management
B) management by directive
C) participatory democracy
D) bureaucratic dictatorship

Question 44

Which of the following statements is correct concerning healthy employees? Healthy employees

A) are more productive.
B) miss more days of work.
C) make more health benefits claims.
D) are less productive.

Question 45

Consumer safety issues appear to be best suited to the work of

A) industrial-organizational psychologists.
B) educational psychologists.
C) human factors engineers.
D) environmental psychologists.

Question 46

The field of human factors engineering is also sometimes called

A) transmodulation.
B) reverse engineering.
C) ergonomics.
D) trigonometrics.

Question 47

A company is concerned about its high absentee rate and number of claims for health benefits among its employees.The company might benefit by

A) consulting a human factors engineer.
B) making exercise easy and offering healthful foods.
C) using management by objectives and in-basket exercises.
D) consulting an environmental psychologist.

Question 48

A group of psychologists at your university are attempting to design a typewriter that will allow the kind of performance now possible with state-of-the-art electronics while leading to less fatigue to the user.This group probably consists of

A) human factors psychologists.
B) organizational psychologists.
C) machine psychologists.
D) industrial psychologists.

Question 49

What benefit did keeping its employees healthy through exercise have for the Johnson & Johnson Corporation?

A) The rate of new hires was decreased.
B) Productivity remained even but there were fewer missed days.
C) It saved almost a quarter-of-a-million dollars in health care claims.
D) Its yearly profit exceeded expenses for the first time in history.

Question 50

Of the following traits,which seems to be the most important for successful leadership?

A) flexibility
B) controlling
C) manipulative
D) introverted

Question 51

Why would an employer be interested in promoting employee health?

A) Healthy employees file more insurance claims.
B) Healthy employees are more productive.
C) Healthy employees show higher rates of turnover.
D) Healthy employees demand better health plans.

Question 52

Investigations by human factors engineers of nuclear power plant accidents have suggested that human error was the result of

A) complicated visual displays.
B) outdated equipment.
C) too many ill workers on the job site.
D) poor simulated management tasks.

Question 53

The goal of human factors engineering is to make machines

A) using the fewest possible parts.
B) more easily operated by humans.
C) in the least expensive way.
D) that to need to be replaced within five years.

Question 54

A business that promotes a healthful lifestyle by offering good food choices and free health club memberships can find that this practice

A) is cost prohibitive.
B) is profitable in lowering health care claims.
C) distracts workers from their jobs.
D) does not encourage a healthful lifestyle.

Question 55

If a company was looking for someone with high leadership potential,it would do well to consider which pair of traits?

A) introversion and likeability
B) drive and honesty
C) compassion and selflessness
D) manipulative and strong-willed

Question 56

What type of psychologist is most likely to study issues such as the optimum way to display visual information,the most appropriate types of auditory signals,and the most effective information flow models?

A) a personnel psychologist
B) a human factors researcher
C) an experimental psychologist
D) an environmental psychologist

Question 57

If you were told that a certain company had a "glass ceiling," you would know the company

A) utilizes health psychology practices.
B) fails to place women and minorities in top leadership positions.
C) does not use participative management practices.
D) is trying to prevent or minimize social loafing.

Question 58

The management style known as ______ is used to inspire employers to reach their full potential by setting a good example,clearly stating future goals,seeking innovative solutions,and empowering employees.

A) bureaucratic management
B) participatory management
C) management by objectives
D) transformational management

Question 59

The concept that women can rise to a certain level of leadership and then their progress is stopped is known as

A) a false wall.
B) a glass ceiling.
C) gender differentiation.
D) an artificial partition.

Question 60

Designing equipment and systems around the limitations and needs of human workers is a primary goal of

A) personnel selection.
B) environmental psychology.
C) organizational psychology.
D) human factors research.

Question 61

Which type of psychologist focuses on the effects of natural spaces and built spaces?

A) human factors psychologist
B) industrial psychologist
C) organizational psychologist
D) environmental psychologist

Question 62

Companies that tend to invest in providing exercise opportunities easy also tend to

A) report more employee injuries.
B) save money on health care claims.
C) see higher employee turnover.
D) attract less-healthy employees.

Question 63

When an environmental psychologist's aim is to change specific human behaviors to lessen the assault on the earth,the ________ approach is being utilized.

A) cognitive
B) humanistic
C) industrial
D) behavioral

Question 64

The study of psychological reactions to our physical space is called ________ psychology.

A) social
B) environmental
C) emotional
D) health

Question 65

Of the approximately 6 billion people on earth,about how many live in an extreme poverty situation?

A) under 1 million
B) 250 million
C) over 1 billion
D) over 3.2 billion

Question 66

In the research based on dorm rooms,there is clear evidence for the use of the ______ approach for many psychological reasons.

A) connector
B) single-corridor
C) landscape
D) suite-design

Question 67

What is the typical outcome of greenhouse effects on climate change?

A) Greenhouse effects do not actually exist.
B) Average temperature are decreasing.
C) Only air temperatures are changing.
D) Average temperatures are increasing.

Question 68

An office space that is designed with low movable partitions,desks,and file cabinets is known as the

A) traditional office.
B) office landscape format.
C) transitional office approach.
D) efficient workspace approach.

Question 69

In workspace design,flexibility,low cost,and appearance are advantages of the

A) suite design.
B) office landscape design.
C) enclosure orifice.
D) dormitory style design.

Question 70

Based on research,people tend to be ______ positive toward others when the room is ______.

A) less;hot
B) less;cold
C) more;made of concrete walls
D) more;wood-paneled

Question 71

People perceive others in ________ ways in ________ rooms.

A) more positive;ugly
B) more positive;plain
C) less positive;attractive
D) less positive;ugly

Question 72

The current earth population is about

A) 6 million.
B) 600 million.
C) 6 billion.
D) 60 billion.

Question 73

The release of pollutants into the upper atmosphere trapped heat and warms the earth's surface.This phenomenon is known as the

A) Armageddon outcome.
B) propinquity effect.
C) greenhouse effect.
D) breadbasket denial.

Question 74

Students who live in corridor dorms tend to be ________ compared to others.

A) more likable
B) equally likable
C) more sociable
D) less sociable

Question 75

Which of the following is one potential reason that the earth will no longer be able to sustain life at some time in the future?

A) resource depletion
B) nuclear destruction
C) sun deterioration
D) global cooling

Question 76

People and their behaviors are

A) the root cause of environmental deterioration.
B) not responsible for environmental deterioration.
C) only a small part of the root cause of environmental deterioration.
D) less important than cars and trucks as a root cause of environmental deterioration.

Question 77

At current population rates,another 1 billion people are added to the planet every ______ years.

A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10

Question 78

In order to protect the environment and reduce the effect of pollutants,we must

A) get underdeveloped countries to use more technology.
B) change the behavior of people.
C) stop the spread of technology.
D) limit the number of children born.

Question 79

Less private,noisier,and less conducive to productivity are characteristics associated with the

A) office landscape.
B) suite design.
C) dormitory style.
D) architectural living units.

Question 80

When people move from traditional office spaces to office landscape areas,they interact ________ and cooperate ________.

A) less;less
B) less;more
C) more;more
D) more;less