Question 1

When you watch dogs play in the park or watch how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of ______.&#10;A)case study research&#10;B)naturalistic observation&#10;C)survey research&#10;D)psychometric study

Accepted Answer

In naturalistic observation, you are just watching-that is, observing.

Question 2

Which school of psychology questioned whether psychologists should study the mind?&#10;A)psychodynamic theory&#10;B)behaviorism&#10;C)Gestalt psychology&#10;D)the cognitive revolution

Accepted Answer

Behaviorists believe that the science of psychology should focus only on directly observable and measurable behaviors.

Question 3

John Locke argued that ________.&#10;A)all human knowledge stems from experience.&#10;B)most of human knowledge stems from experience.&#10;C)very little human knowledge stems from experience.&#10;D)some of human knowledge is with us from the day we are born.

Accepted Answer

Locke felt that we are not born with any innate knowledge, but rather are the product
of experiences and environmental influences.

Question 4

Deceiving participants in a psychological study is _____________.&#10;A)never allowed&#10;B)not addressed as an issue of concern by most IRBs&#10;C)allowed so long as participants will not be harmed (only)&#10;D)allowed so long as participants will not be harmed and the knowledge gained clearly outweighs the use of dishonesty

Accepted Answer

Deception is often a critical part of research, but it must not trump respecting and caring for the well-being of the participants.

Question 5

________ was the first woman President of the American Psychological Association in 1905.&#10;A)Mary Whiton Calkins&#10;B)Elizabeth Spelke&#10;C)Anne Treisman&#10;D)Margaret Floy Washburn

Accepted Answer

Calkins was the first female president of the APA, while Washburn was the first woman to earn a Ph.D.in psychology in the United States.

Question 6

The goal of describing rules that determine how particular sensations or feelings may occur at the same time or in sequence is most associated with which of the following schools of psychology?&#10;A)Behaviorism&#10;B)Cognitivism&#10;C)Functionalism&#10;D)Structuralism

Accepted Answer

Structuralism attempted to describe these rules by using introspection as a method of data gathering.

Question 7

Psychology is defined as the science of ________.&#10;A)human functioning.&#10;B)the mind and behavior.&#10;C)human motivation and thinking.&#10;D)behavior problems and mental illness.

Accepted Answer

This is the most concise and accurate definition of the field of psychology that you will find.

Question 8

An experiment is valid if&#10;A)it produces reliable findings.&#10;B)if its findings are consistent across experiments.&#10;C)if it measures what the investigator designed it to measure.&#10;D)if its measures are both reliable and consistent across experiments.

Accepted Answer

Validity is another way of saying accuracy, and it is an assessment of whether the experiment is doing what it sets out to do.

Question 9

A correlation coefficient is a numerical measure of the __________________.&#10;A)unintended changes in participants' behavior due to cues from the experimenter&#10;B)relationship between two variables&#10;C)behaviors of participants of different ages compared at a given time&#10;D)behaviors of participants followed and periodically assessed over time

Accepted Answer

The coefficient is a number that describes the relationship between two variables in question.

Question 10

Mei was sent to the school psychologist to be tested.Based on her IQ scores it was decided that she would do well in the gifted child program.This is an example of which goal of psychology?&#10;A)describing behavior&#10;B)explaining behavior&#10;C)predicting behavior&#10;D)controlling behavior

Accepted Answer

Mei's score served as a predictor ("would do well")of performance.

Deck 1: Section 2: Introduction to the Science of Psychology: History and Research Methods