Deck 4: Hardware and Software

Question 1

One ________ is equivalent to 1,024 kilobytes.

A)terabyte
B)megabyte
C)gigabyte
D)bit

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A ________ is used to receive and process thousands of requests from a large number of users.

A)cache memory
B)stand-alone server
C)server farm
D)client computer

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A device's cache and main memory are ________.

A)volatile
B)nonvolatile
C)stable
D)nonperishable

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The speed and costs of central processing units are the same across multiple hardware vendors.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of a server?

A)It stores the results of computations in the main memory.
B)It provides access only for one user at a time.
C)It supports processing requests from remote computers.
D)It creates a backup of all information within a system.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of nonvolatile memory?

A)cache memory
B)main memory
C)magnetic disk
D)RAM drive

Question 7

The speed of a central processing unit (CPU)is expressed in cycles called ________.

A)hertz
B)bits
C)bytes
D)pixels

Question 8

High-end computers can have as many as 16 central processing units.

Question 9

The ________ selects instructions, processes them, performs arithmetic and logical comparisons, and stores results of operations in memory.

A)central processing unit (CPU)
B)random access memory (RAM)
C)hard disk
D)plotter

Question 10

If the contents of a device are lost when the power is turned off, the memory of the device is said to be ________.

A)nonvolatile
B)volatile
C)random
D)discrete

Question 11

Computer hardware consists of electronic components that input, process, output, and store data.

Question 12

________ computers have four central processing units (CPUs).

A)Quad-processor
B)Dual-processor
C)Tri-processor
D)Tetra-processor

Question 13

Bits are grouped into 8-bit chunks called ________.

A)bytes
B)kilobytes
C)terabytes
D)megabytes

Question 14

The central processing unit is referred to as the brain of a computer.

Question 15

The memory of a device is said to be nonvolatile if ________ when the system is restarted.

A)its contents are destroyed
B)the memory becomes unusable
C)a new memory is replicated
D)its contents are retained

Question 16

A ________ is a collection of 1,024 bytes.

A)kilobyte
B)megabyte
C)gigabyte
D)terabyte

Question 17

Some computers have two or more central processing units (CPUs).

Question 18

A dual-processor computer has ________ CPUs.

A)eight
B)four
C)two
D)sixteen

Question 19

Computers represent data using binary digits called ________.

A)dots
B)pixels
C)tags
D)bits

Question 20

One ________ is equivalent to 1,024 gigabytes.

A)petabyte
B)terabyte
C)megabyte
D)kilobyte

Question 21

The central processing unit (CPU)of a computer reads data and instructions only from a read-only memory.

Question 22

Which of the following is most likely to be an advantage of self-driving cars?

A)Fewer cars will be shared by family members.
B)More auto loans will be taken.
C)More insurance policies will be taken.
D)Fewer accidents will occur.

Question 23

A bit is either a zero or a one.

Question 24

Which of the following is most likely to be a disadvantage of self-driving cars?

A)There will be more accidents.
B)More parking lots will have to be built.
C)More people will use cars and avoid planes or trains.
D)There will be more stress during commute.

Question 25

USB flash drives are used to back up data and transfer it from one computer to another.

Question 26

Briefly describe the functions and working of a central processing unit (CPU).

Question 27

A terabyte is a larger unit than a petabyte.

Question 28

A server farm can process only one service request per minute.

Question 29

One gigabyte is equivalent to 1,024 terabytes.

Question 30

Saving one's work frequently is advised to tackle the issue of memory volatility.

Question 31

Explain the basic constituents and the different types of computer hardware.

Question 32

Optical disks are non-portable storage devices.

Question 33

Main memory is also called read-only memory.

Question 34

A hard drive is much faster than a solid-state storage device.

Question 35

A computer's performance depends on the speed of its central processing unit (CPU).

Question 36

Differentiate between client and server computers.

Question 37

Magnetic and optical disks are examples of nonvolatile memory.

Question 38

The ________ refers to the idea in which objects are becoming connected to the Internet so that they can interact with other devices, applications, or services.

A)Premium Internet
B)Symbian
C)Internet of Things
D)server farm

Question 39

A specification that a computing device has 100 million bytes of memory means that the device could hold up to 100 million characters.

Question 40

An exabyte is equivalent to 1,024 petabytes.

Question 41

When individuals buy a computer program, they buy a license to ________.

A)convert the program into open source software
B)modify the features of the program
C)use the program
D)sell the program

Question 42

McCann Systems, a leading IT firm, develops a customized billing software to meet the needs of its individual customers.In this case, the software developed by the firm is referred to as a(n)________.

A)vertical-market application software
B)horizontal-market application software
C)open source software
D)application simulation software

Question 43

Which of the following refers to software that is developed for a specific and unique need?

A)simulation software
B)horizontal-market application software
C)one-of-a-kind application software
D)open source software

Question 44

Which of the following statements is true of an operating system?

A)It does a lot of application-specific work.
B)It comes in particular versions that are written for particular types of hardware.
C)It does only little or no memory management.
D)It has to be the same across all computers in a network in order to process application programs.

Question 45

Application programs that run within a browser, without the need to be preinstalled on client computers, are referred to as ________.

A)thin-client applications
B)native applications
C)desktop programs
D)thick-client applications

Question 46

Which of the following is an open-source operating system?

A)Unisys
B)Windows
C)Linux
D)Mac OS

Question 47

Which of the following is an advantage of custom-developed software?

A)They are less expensive than off-the-shelf software.
B)They can be tailored according to an organization's requirements.
C)They are easier to develop than using horizontal applications.
D)They need not be adapted to changing needs.

Question 48

How can the Internet of Things act as a disruptive force to change the way in which businesses function?

Question 49

Which of the following is the most widely used operating system in business?

A)Linux
B)Windows
C)Unix
D)Mac OS

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true of thick-client applications?

A)They are application programs that need not be preinstalled on the client computer.
B)They mostly run on a single operating system.
C)They do not need a server connection to run.
D)They require nothing more than a browser to function.

Question 51

Both client and server computers must use the same operating system.

Question 52

________ are programs that are written to use a particular operating system.

A)Web applications
B)Thin-client applications
C)Native applications
D)Vertical-market applications

Question 53

Host operating systems that run one or more operating systems as applications are referred to as ________.

A)application programs
B)server farms
C)server operating systems
D)virtual machines

Question 54

A(n)________ is a program that controls a computer's resources.

A)cache
B)operating system
C)central processing unit
D)data bus

Question 55

________ is the process by which one physical computer hosts many different virtual computers within it.

A)Machine coding
B)Virtualization
C)License sharing
D)Cloud computing

Question 56

Although an operating system does a lot of application-specific work, it does little to make the computer usable.

Question 57

Objects connected to a network can share data with any other application, device, or service.

Question 58

Objects that are connected to the Internet are increasingly being embedded with hardware capable of sensing, processing, and transmitting data.

Question 59

________ is a type of computer software that is installed into devices such as printers, print servers, and various types of communication devices.

A)Firmware
B)Freeware
C)Slate
D)Server farm

Question 60

________ software provides capabilities that are common across all organizations and industries.

A)Vertical-market application
B)Custom-developed
C)Horizontal-market application
D)Off-the-shelf with alterations

Question 61

Explain the four major nonmobile client operating systems and their functions.

Question 62

What is unique about Linux as an operating system?

Question 63

What are the different categories of application programs?

Question 64

What is firmware?

Question 65

Firefox, Chrome, Opera, and Edge (formerly Internet Explorer)are examples of thick-client applications.

Question 66

________ is a computer code that is written by humans and understandable by humans.

A)Bar code
B)Machine code
C)Source code
D)Overhead code

Question 67

What is an operating system? How is it different from an application program?

Question 68

Application programs can be processed by both clients and servers.

Question 69

Modifying an existing firmware requires knowledge of special programs and techniques.

Question 70

Any programmer or student can access and alter the source code of a closed source project.

Question 71

Modifications to the source code of an open source project cannot be added to the project.

Question 72

A virtual machine does not have a disk space.

Question 73

Open source software is typically free, modifiable, and its source code is publicly available.

Question 74

A host operating system controls the activities of the virtual machines it hosts.

Question 75

What are the drawbacks of developing custom application software for an organization?

Question 76

Microsoft Access and Microsoft Word are examples of thin-client applications.

Question 77

How do open source projects work? How is it different from closed source projects?

Question 78

What is virtualization?

Question 79

Explain how computer programs are licensed to individuals and organizations.

Question 80

What are the two important software constraints? Explain with suitable examples.