Deck 4: Health-Promoting Behaviors

Question 1

Emotional and social withdrawal in terminally ill patients is

A) successfully treated with antidepressants.
B) always due to anticipatory grieving.
C) an expected and common occurrence.
D) All of these.

Answer 1

an expected and common occurrence.

Question 2

In the first year of life,the main causes of death are

A) acute illness and SIDS.
B) SIDS and congenital abnormalities.
C) accidents and congenital abnormalities.
D) cancer, especially leukemia, and SIDS.

Answer 2

SIDS and congenital abnormalities.

Question 3

Children typically do not attain an adult understanding of death until

A) roughly the age of five.
B) between the ages of five and nine.
C) between the ages of nine and 10
D) adolescence.

Answer 3

between the ages of nine and 10

Question 4

The Patient Self-Determination Act

A) applies only to hospice patients.
B) requires Medicare and Medicaid facilities to have documented policies concerning patients' wishes for life-prolonging therapy.
C) has legalized passive euthanasia.
D) is opposed by most Americans.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors found to predict mortality in the elderly age group?

A) distant family relationships
B) depression
C) reduced life satisfaction
D) hardiness

Question 6

A living will outlines

A) a patient's wishes to undergo euthanasia.
B) a patient's request that extraordinary life-sustaining procedures not be used.
C) the conditions under which a patient requests to remain alive.
D) the disposition of one's belongings after death.

Question 7

Death in the elderly is

A) more likely to be sudden.
B) less likely to be caused by degenerative diseases.
C) usually accompanied by a shorter terminal phase.
D) usually protracted because there is often more than one biological competitor for death.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the problematic issues surrounding euthanasia and assisted suicide cited in your text?

A) inequity of access to life-sustaining medical technologies
B) lack of guidelines regarding cost-effectiveness and appropriateness of use
C) lack of consensus on the appropriate roles of the individual and health care practitioners
D) All of these choices are mentioned.

Question 9

As a patient's prognosis worsens,interpersonal communications often deteriorate.The reasons for this breakdown are generally due to

A) the belief that others do not want to talk about death.
B) long-term communication problems in the family.
C) indifference among medical staff members.
D) All of these.

Question 10

Mainstreaming children with leukemia

A) involves a comprehensive program that includes the entire family and the child's home and school environment.
B) involves intensive family therapy that takes a systems approach.
C) is seldom an issue because the survival rate for childhood leukemia is very low.
D) is seldom successful because school-aged children react with profound fear and aversion to the leukemic child's appearance and the stigma of cancer.

Question 11

According to the text,one important contributing factor to midlife crisis is the

A) gradual realization of impending death.
B) growing awareness that one's risk factors for chronic illness are increasing.
C) cultural emphasis placed on youth.
D) declining importance middle-aged adults place on their work.

Question 12

Walt's parents have explained to him that his grandmother has died.He keeps asking them questions about her death,where she is,and when he can see her.Walt is most likely

A) four years old.
B) six years old.
C) nine years old.
D) 12 years old.

Question 13

Patients are LESS likely to turn to alternative treatments when they are satisfied

A) with the interpersonal aspects of their medical care.
B) with the technical aspects of their medical care.
C) that the costs of medical care can be borne by their families.
D) that there is still something more the medical establishment can do for their condition.

Question 14

The infant mortality rate in the United States

A) is higher than that in most western European countries.
B) is twice as high for black infants as for white infants.
C) may be associated with inequities in access to health care.
D) All of these.

Question 15

The main cause of premature death in adulthood is sudden death due to

A) accidents.
B) stroke or heart attack.
C) AIDS.
D) homicide.

Question 16

The death rate among middle-aged adults has declined largely because of a 60 percent drop in

A) stroke.
B) heart disease.
C) cancers.
D) All of these.

Question 17

The homicide rate among black males ages 15 to 24 is nearly _______________ times that for young white males.

A) three
B) six
C) seven
D) nine

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT cited by your text as one of the factors that contribute to women's lower mortality rates?

A) biological fitness
B) health beliefs
C) fewer risky behaviors
D) social support

Question 19

Poor adjustment for parents of children who have died from SIDS is associated with

A) maternal smoking.
B) self-blame.
C) socioeconomic status.
D) All of these.

Question 20

After infancy,the main cause of death among children younger than age 15 is

A) acute illness.
B) SIDS.
C) accidents.
D) cancer, especially leukemia.

Question 21

Palliative care involves

A) final attempts to cure the terminally ill patient.
B) life-prolonging interventions such as placing the patient on a respirator.
C) ending the life of a patient who is suffering from a painful terminal illness.
D) custodial work designed to make the patient feel comfortable.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of medical staff who work with the dying?

A) informing patients of their condition and treatment
B) helping patients live as long as possible
C) enabling patients and their families to experience anticipatory grief
D) involving patients in their treatment, as appropriate

Question 23

Therapy with the dying differs from traditional psychotherapy in that it is likely to

A) depend on the energy level of the patient.
B) be long-term.
C) be similar to traditional psychotherapy.
D) None of these.

Question 24

Kübler-Ross's theory of death and dying

A) accurately identifies the stages of the dying process.
B) acknowledges the importance of death-related anxiety.
C) broke the taboo surrounding death.
D) All of these.

Question 25

According to Kübler-Ross,the dying patient who is coming to terms with his or her lack of control is experiencing

A) denial.
B) depression.
C) bargaining.
D) acceptance.

Question 26

The correct order of Kübler-Ross's stages of adjustment to dying is

A) depression, anger, bargaining, denial, acceptance.
B) denial, anger, bargaining, acceptance, depression.
C) denial, bargaining, anger, depression, acceptance.
D) denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance.

Question 27

Terminally ill children

A) are unable to understand most information relevant to their medical condition and treatment.
B) use cues from their treatment and others' responses to infer the nature of their medical condition.
C) generally believe that they will soon recover and go home.
D) do not hesitate to express their concerns and questions directly to others.

Question 28

According to Turk and Feldman (1992a,1992b),the hospitalized terminally ill patient runs the risk of being

A) ignored by the medical staff.
B) isolated by the medical staff.
C) overmedicated by the medical staff.
D) undermedicated by the medical staff.

Question 29

,especially

A) positive self-talk.
B) self-monitoring.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) All of these.

Question 30

The goals of hospice care include

A) palliative care.
B) psychological comfort.
C) improved social support.
D) All of these.

Question 31

Long-term denial of impending death

A) is a typical reaction.
B) is functional in coping with anxiety.
C) does not require psychological intervention.
D) None of these.

Question 32

Cultural differences have been found in beliefs about:

A) death-related ceremonies
B) bereavement.
C) working through stages of dying.
D) All of these.

Question 33

Clinical thanatology is

A) therapy with the dying.
B) inappropriate and useless.
C) the study of death and dying.
D) short-term, pallative care for the dying.

Question 34

According to Kübler-Ross,the dying patient who asks "why me?" is experiencing

A) anxiety.
B) bargaining.
C) denial.
D) anger.

Question 35

The depressed terminally ill patient may be

A) coming to terms with a lack of control.
B) experiencing anticipatory grief.
C) experiencing an expected transitory psychological state which may not require intervention.
D) All of these.

Question 36

Those who study death and dying are ______________.

A) grief assistants.
B) thanatologists.
C) geriatricians.
D) epidemiologists.

Question 37

According to critics,Kübler-Ross's theory fails to acknowledge the frequency with which dying patients experience

A) anxiety.
B) enhanced perceptions of control.
C) depression.
D) social support.

Question 38

Hospices

A) have had only limited success as a treatment model.
B) are seldom affiliated with hospitals due to fears of malpractice litigation.
C) are increasingly being incorporated into traditional treatment.
D) are providing more individualized care than in the past.

Question 39

argues that _______________ early on in adjustment to life-threatening illness is both normal and useful.

A) anxiety
B) bargaining
C) denial
D) anger

Question 40

Evaluations of hospice care indicate that,compared to patients who receive traditional treatment,hospice patients

A) live longer.
B) receive fewer invasive procedures.
C) report lower levels of anxiety.
D) are more satisfied with their interpersonal care.

Question 41

One plausible scientific explanation for the success of some nontraditional treatments is the placebo effect.

Question 42

Explain the medical,social,and psychological factors associated with continuing treatment of a terminal illness.What options are now available to terminally ill patients and their families?

Question 43

The Patient Self-Determination Act requires that all health care facilities in the United States have written policies and procedures concerning patients' wishes for life-prolonging therapy.

Question 44

Physician-assisted dying is legal in all fifty states.

Question 45

Kübler-Ross's theory has made an important contribution in identifying the universal stages of dying and breaking the taboo surrounding death.

Question 46

The major cause of death in youths aged 15 to 24 is unintentional injury.

Question 47

Suppose you were working in a facility that provided care for terminally ill patients and their families.What psychosocial factors would be important for you to consider in training staff members? Why?

Question 48

Studies of patient satisfaction and medical outcomes have clearly established that hospice care is superior to traditional terminal care.

Question 49

Describe Kübler-Ross's theory of dying.Evaluate the usefulness of her theory.

Question 50

Hospice care involves accepting death in a positive manner and assisted suicide.

Question 51

According to the research cited in your text,a substantial percentage of terminally ill patients prefer

A) home care.
B) hospice care.
C) traditional hospital care.
D) skilled nursing facilities.

Question 52

Among women who are depressed in widowhood,_______________ appear(s)to be the biggest burden.

A) financial strain
B) loneliness
C) household management problems
D) instrumental needs

Question 53

The grief response appears to be aggravated in

A) women and those who experience sudden and unexpected loss.
B) men and those who experience sudden and unexpected loss.
C) survivors whose family members have experienced a protracted and painful death.
D) young children who experience the death of a sibling.

Question 54

When young children experience the impending death of a sibling the best approach is

A) no explanation should be given them.
B) extensive detail about the cause of death should be provided.
C) they should be told of the impending death.
D) it is best to wait until the death has occurred before providing information.

Question 55

Long-term denial of a terminal illness should be a target of therapeutic intervention.

Question 56

As reproductive technology has improved over the past decade,the infant mortality rate for black infants has declined.

Question 57

Competent home care for the terminally ill requires

A) little training of family members.
B) regular contact between medical personnel and family members.
C) availability of around-the-clock professional nursing.
D) All of these.

Question 58

Describe the psychological and physiological correlates of grief.

Question 59

The development of a sense that one is leaving behind a legacy through one's children or one's work is termed "symbolic immortality."

Question 60

There has been a great deal of interest in hospice and home care for the terminally ill.What are the advantages of each for patients and care providers (both family and medical staff)? What are the disadvantages?