Deck 16: The Urinary System and Excretion

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a homeostatic function of the kidneys?

A)maintenance of acid-base and water-salt balances
B)elimination of digestive wastes
C)excretion of metabolic wastes
D)maintenance of blood pressure

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The function of the urinary bladder is to

A)store urine until it is expelled.
B)produce urine.
C)store sperm and semen.
D)None apply.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The breakdown of nucleotides produces

A)creatinine.
B)ammonia.
C)uric acid.
D)urea.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is low,the kidneys release ____ which will cause an increase in red blood cell production.

A)erythropoietin
B)vitamin D
C)creatinine
D)renin

Question 5

Creatinine is a metabolic product produced in

A)muscles.
B)nerves.
C)fat cells.
D)the liver.

Question 6

Increased salt content of the blood will lead to ______ blood volume.

A)increased
B)decreased
C)no change in the

Question 7

Uric acid is a by-product of _____ metabolism.

A)glucose
B)nucleotide
C)amino acid
D)creatine phosphate

Question 8

Urea is a by-product of the metabolism of

A)sugars.
B)fats.
C)cholesterol.
D)amino acids.

Question 9

When the kidney's own blood supply decreases,they release _____ which leads to secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.

A)erythropoietin
B)vitamin D
C)creatinine
D)renin

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?

A)excretion of metabolic wastes
B)secretion of hormones
C)maintenance of acid-base balance
D)All apply.

Question 11

Where are the kidneys located?

A)ventral region of the thorax
B)lumbar region
C)ventral region of the pelvis
D)dorsal region of the thorax

Question 12

The three (3)openings of the bladder form the

A)urethra
B)trigone
C)ureters
D)detrusor muscle

Question 13

The kidneys are in the abdominopelvic cavity.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal so they technically are not in the abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 14

Which of the following carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

A)urethra
B)hilum
C)ureters
D)peritoneum

Question 15

The kidneys are retroperitoneal.What does that mean?

A)They are behind the parietal peritoneum.
B)They are behind back muscles.
C)They are placed backwards in the abdominal cavity.
D)They are behind the intestines.

Question 16

Urochrome comes from the metabolism of ___________in the liver.

A)amino acids.
B)hemoglobin.
C)lactic acid.
D)cholesterol.

Question 17

The kidneys maintain acid-base balance by mainly excreting ____ and reabsorbing ___ .

A)sodium;potassium.
B)bicarbonate;sodium.
C)hydrogen;bicarbonate.
D)chloride;hydrogen

Question 18

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste?

A)ammonia
B)urea
C)creatinine
D)All apply.

Question 19

Which of the following is an excretory waste?

A)feces
B)bacteria
C)urea
D)All apply.

Question 20

The kidneys aid in maintaining blood pressure by

A)preserving salt and water balance.
B)maintaining a normal blood volume.
C)producing renin.
D)All apply.

Question 21

What is the central cavity of the kidney called?

A)renal pyramids
B)renal columns
C)renal pelvis
D)renal cortex

Question 22

The functional unit of the kidney that produces urine is the

A)pyramid.
B)nephron.
C)pelvis.
D)neuron.

Question 23

The opening of the internal urethral sphincter is through action of the

A)somatic nervous system.
B)enteric nervous system.
C)sympathetic nervous system.
D)parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 24

The opening of the external urethral sphincter is through action of the

A)somatic nervous system.
B)enteric nervous system.
C)sympathetic nervous system.
D)parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 25

What blood vessel leads into the glomerulus?

A)afferent arteriole
B)efferent arteriole
C)renal artery
D)peritubular capillaries

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a region of a kidney?

A)renal pelvis
B)renal medulla
C)renal fascia
D)renal cortex

Question 27

What is the capillary network that is part of the renal corpuscle?

A)peritubular capillaries
B)vasa recta
C)glomerulus
D)choroid plexus

Question 28

Cone-shaped tissue masses of the kidney are called

A)renal pyramids.
B)renal columns.
C)renal pelvis.
D)renal cortex.

Question 29

In which gender is the urethra shorter?

A)male
B)female
C)both male and female
D)neither male nor female

Question 30

What anatomical features allow for the expansion of the urinary bladder as it fills with urine?

A)plicae and elastic connective tissue
B)rugae and columnar epithelium
C)plicae and stratified squamous epithelium
D)rugae and transitional epithelium

Question 31

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the renal cortex?

A)glomerular capsule
B)proximal convoluted tubule
C)loop of Henle
D)distal convoluted tubule

Question 32

In which gender is the urethra part of the reproductive system?

A)male
B)female
C)both male and female
D)neither male nor female

Question 33

Which of the following extends from the urinary bladder to an external opening?

A)urethra
B)hilum
C)ureters
D)trigone

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT part of the nephron's blood supply?

A)afferent arteriole
B)efferent arteriole
C)renal artery
D)glomerulus

Question 35

Micturition involves both ________ and __________ nerve impulses.

A)somatic and enteric
B)sympathetic and parasympathetic
C)sympathetic and somatic
D)somatic and parasympathetic

Question 36

What muscle makes up the wall of the urinary bladder?

A)urinary muscle
B)pelvic muscle
C)detrusor muscle
D)peritoneal muscle

Question 37

Which of the following is part of a nephron?

A)glomerular capsule
B)proximal and distal convoluted collecting tubules
C)loop of the nephron
D)All apply.

Question 38

Another name for urination is

A)defecation.
B)mastication.
C)micturition.
D)peristalsis.

Question 39

Which of the following structures is found in the renal medulla?

A)glomerular capsule
B)proximal convoluted tubule
C)loop of Henle
D)distal convoluted tubule

Question 40

The efferent arteriole takes blood to the

A)glomerulus.
B)renal vein.
C)peritubular capillaries.
D)afferent arteriole.

Question 41

What processes are used by the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule to return water and needed nutrients to the blood?

A)active transport of sodium ions,glucose,and other nutrients
B)passive transport of chloride ions
C)water movement by osmosis
D)All apply.

Question 42

Where is most of the body's water found?

A)in the blood
B)outside the cells (tissue fluid)
C)inside the cells (intracellular)
D)in the lymph

Question 43

Which of the following correctly describes the process of glomerular filtration?

A)Blood cells and plasma proteins are pushed out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule.
B)Water,nitrogenous wastes,nutrients,and ions are pushed out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule.
C)Water and dissolved substances move out of the glomerulus by osmosis into the glomerular capsule.
D)Water and formed elements are pushed out of the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule.

Question 44

Water moves out of the _____ limb of the loop of Henle,while sodium chloride moves out of the _____ limb of the loop of Henle.

A)ascending;descending
B)descending;ascending

Question 45

State the parts of the nephron and describe the steps involved in urine production.

Question 46

Most of the body's water input comes from

A)in what we drink
B)in what we eat
C)from body metabolism
D)in the air we inhale

Question 47

How much water is filtered by the kidneys per day?

A)1.8 liter
B)100 liters
C)180 liters
D)500 liters

Question 48

Urea

A)is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but still occurs in the urine.
B)never leaves the blood plasma.
C)is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
D)is filtered,but not reabsorbeD.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a way that water exits the body?

A)sweat
B)feces
C)urine
D)exhaled air
E)All are ways.

Question 50

Protein

A)is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but still occurs in the urine.
B)does not leave the blood plasma under normal conditions.
C)is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
D)is filtered,but not reabsorbeD.

Question 51

Salt

A)is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but still occurs in the urine.
B)never leaves the blood plasma.
C)is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
D)is filtered,but not reabsorbeD.

Question 52

Most of the body's water exits the body as

A)sweat
B)feces
C)urine
D)exhaled air

Question 53

Glucose

A)is found in the filtrate and is reabsorbed,but still occurs in the urine.
B)never leaves the blood plasma.
C)is filtered and reabsorbed totally.
D)is filtered,but not reabsorbeD.

Question 54

The average adult body is about _____ water by weight.

A)40 - 50 %
B)50 - 60%
C)60 - 70%
D)70 - 80%

Question 55

The process that moves substances from the blood into the kidney tubules to become part of the urine is

A)glomerular filtration.
B)tubular reabsorption.
C)tubular secretion.

Question 56

Place the parts of the nephron in the correct order.

A)distal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,glomerular capsule,proximal convoluted tubule,collecting duct
B)glomerular capsule,proximal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,distal convoluted tubule,collecting duct
C)glomerular capsule,distal convoluted tubules,loop of Henle,proximal convoluted tubule,collecting duct
D)loop of Henle,collecting duct,proximal convoluted tubule,glomerular capsule,distal convoluted tubule

Question 57

Which structure is NOT important for the reabsorption of water?

A)collecting duct
B)glomerular capsule
C)loop of Henle
D)proximal convoluted tubule

Question 58

The function of the proximal convoluted tubule is to

A)return water and needed nutrients to the blood.
B)move excess hydrogen ions into the kidney tubule.
C)keep salt from re-entering the blood.
D)All apply.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a way that water enters the body?

A)in what we drink
B)in what we eat
C)from body metabolism
D)in the air we inhale

Question 60

Which of the following parts of a nephron is NOT correctly matched with its epithelium type?

A)glomerular capsule - podocytes
B)proximal convoluted tubule - cuboidal with microvilli
C)loop of Henle - simple squamous
D)distal convoluted tubule - simple columnar with microvilli

Question 61

What hormone is released as a result of renin secretion by the kidney?

A)antidiuretic hormone
B)aldosterone
C)atrial natriuretic hormone
D)All apply.

Question 62

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

A)is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
B)helps maintain the blood volume.
C)helps regulate water reabsorption.
D)All apply.

Question 63

What stimulus causes the hypothalamus to produce ADH?

A)decreased blood osmolality
B)increased blood osmolality
C)increased blood pressure
D)None apply.

Question 64

Why are some salts excreted?

A)they are end products of metabolism
B)to maintain proper salt concentration in the blood
C)they are not excreted

Question 65

ADH causes more water to be reabsorbed into the blood to give a lower urine volume.

Question 66

What stimulus causes the release of atrial natriuretic hormone from the atria of the heart?

A)decreased blood volume entering the atria
B)increased blood volume entering the atria
C)decreased blood pressure
D)increased blood sodium levels

Question 67

What substance is also found in the renal medulla that helps draw more water out of the tubule to be picked up by the blood?

A)glucose
B)amino acids
C)urea
D)chloride ions

Question 68

Renin is secreted by

A)the posterior pituitary gland.
B)the adrenal cortex.
C)the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
D)the vasa recta.

Question 69

Aldosterone

A)is a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex.
B)causes sodium to be reabsorbed into the blood.
C)increases blood pressure.
D)All apply.

Question 70

What structure in the kidneys monitors blood pressure which helps regulate water and electrolyte reabsorption?

A)glomerular capsule
B)afferent arteriole
C)juxtaglomerular apparatus
D)peritubular capillaries

Question 71

Aldosterone causes the reabsorption of sodium ions,

A)excretion of water,and osmosis of potassium ions into the blood.
B)excretion of potassium ions and osmosis of water into the blood.
C)excretion of calcium ions and potassium ions.
D)excretion of bicarbonate ions and osmosis of water into the blooD.

Question 72

The kidneys

A)control blood volume.
B)regulate the electrolyte balance of blood.
C)control acid-base balance.
D)All apply.

Question 73

The best indicator of the blood's osmolality is the concentration of

A)calcium ion.
B)bicarbonate ion.
C)sodium ion.
D)potassium ion.

Question 74

List the primary ways by which water enters and is lost by the body.

Question 75

The increasing concentration of salt and urea in the renal medulla that continues to draw water out of the descending limb is called

A)diuresis.
B)antidiuresis.
C)countercurrent mechanism.
D)secretion.

Question 76

What stimulus causes the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A)high blood pressure
B)low blood oxygen
C)low blood pressure
D)low blood sodium

Question 77

What structure collects both salts and water in equal amounts and moves them back to blood circulation?

A)collecting duct
B)loop of Henle
C)efferent arteriole
D)vasa recta

Question 78

What is the action of ADH with the kidney tubules?

A)causes the descending loop of Henle to lose more water by osmosis
B)causes aquaporins of the collecting ducts to open for water diffusion out of the collecting duct
C)causes the glomerulus to filter more water out
D)causes osmosis from the collecting ducts to increase

Question 79

Diuretics

A)decrease water reabsorption.
B)raise blood volume.
C)increase urine flow.
D)both decrease water reabsorption and increase urine flow are correct.

Question 80

What hormone causes the excretion of sodium and therefore water from the body?

A)antidiuretic hormone
B)aldosterone
C)atrial natriuretic hormone
D)None apply.