Deck 14: The Respiratory System

Question 1

Compare internal respiration,external respiration,and cellular respiration.

Answer 1

Internal respiration involves gas exchange between body cells and blood,external respiration involves gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the alveoli and blood,and cellular respiration involves the formation of ATP molecules and the release of energy from nutrient molecules.

Question 2

Which of the following is a defense against invading organisms in the respiratory tract?

A)mucus
B)cilia
C)lysozyme
D)All apply.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Gas exchange occurs in the bronchi and bronchioles.
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli.The bronchi and bronchioles are just passageways.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What activities are included in the process of respiration?

A)ventilation (breathing)
B)external respiration
C)internal respiration
D)All apply.

Question 5

External respiration is bringing outside air into the lungs.
External respiration is gas exchange between alveolar air and the blood in the lungs.

Question 6

As air moves through the respiratory tract,it is

A)warmed.
B)cleaned.
C)moisturized.
D)All apply.

Question 7

What is the purpose of the paranasal sinuses that connect with the nasal cavity?

A)gas exchange
B)reduce the weight of the skull
C)resonance chambers for speech
D)Both reduce the weight of the skull and resonance chambers for speech.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence when tracing the path of air from the nose to the lungs?

A)nasal cavity,pharynx,larynx,trachea,bronchi,bronchioles
B)nasal cavity,larynx,pharynx,bronchi,bronchioles,trachea
C)nasal cavity,bronchi,bronchioles,trachea,pharynx,larynx
D)nasal cavity,pharynx,larynx,trachea,bronchioles,bronchi

Question 9

What is the first lymphatic tissue that inspired air encounters?

A)palatine tonsils
B)uvula
C)pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
D)epiglottis

Question 10

Which portion of the respiratory tract is also a passageway for food?

A)larynx
B)trachea
C)bronchi
D)pharynx

Question 11

Sound is normally produced from

A)air moving down through the vocal cords.
B)the epiglottis vibrating.
C)air moving up through the vocal cords.
D)All apply.

Question 12

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A)ventilation
B)gas exchange
C)transport of gases
D)All apply.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a division of the pharynx?

A)oropharynx
B)laryngopharynx
C)sinopharynx
D)nasopharynx

Question 14

What is internal respiration?

A)ventilation (breathing)
B)gas exchange between blood and tissue fluid
C)gas exchange between air and blood
D)production of ATP

Question 15

What is the purpose of the mucociliary escalator mechanism?

A)to inhale air
B)to screen out,kill,and remove dust,dirt,and pathogens from inhaled air
C)to transport gases through the mucous membrane
D)to move inhaled air through the rest of the respiratory tract

Question 16

The windpipe is known as the

A)voice box.
B)throat.
C)epiglottis.
D)trachea.

Question 17

The epiglottis

A)contains vocal cords.
B)contains cilia.
C)prevents food from entering the air passage.
D)pushes air into the lungs.

Question 18

What is external respiration?

A)ventilation (breathing)
B)gas exchange between blood and tissue fluid
C)gas exchange between air and blood
D)production of ATP

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae?

A)provide an area for the olfactory receptors
B)increased surface area for moistening inhaled air
C)create turbulence to help clean the air
D)increase surface area to trap moisture from exhaled air

Question 20

The common name for the larynx is the

A)throat.
B)voice box.
C)windpipe.
D)Adam's apple.

Question 21

The respiratory membrane has three layers.
The respiratory membrane has four layers - alveolar simple squamous epithelium and its basement membrane and the capillary simple squamous epithelium and its basement membrane.

Question 22

What characteristic(s)of the respiratory membrane facilitate(s)gas exchange?

A)large amount of tissue fluid to dissolve the gases
B)simple squamous epithelium of the alveolus and capillaries
C)small surface area
D)large groups of red blood cells in contact with the membrane

Question 23

The visceral pleura

A)is a mucous membrane.
B)is attached to the lung's surface.
C)lines the thoracic cavity.
D)All apply.

Question 24

The surface are of the alveoli is larger than the surface area of the respiratory membrane.
The surface areas are equal.

Question 25

Both the alveoli and lung capillaries have walls of simple squamous epithelium.

Question 26

Which of the following muscles contract to start inspiration?

A)rectus abdominis
B)diaphragm
C)external intercostals
D)Both diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 27

The pressure that forms between the two layers of the pleura is called

A)intrapulmonary pressure.
B)atmospheric pressure.
C)intrapleural pressure.
D)interthoracic pressure.

Question 28

What is the purpose of surfactant that lines each alveolus?

A)gives the lungs their elasticity
B)keeps the alveoli from collapsing
C)reduces the surface tension of water
D)Both keeps the alveoli from collapsing and reduces the surface tension of water

Question 29

Why is the trachea supported by C-shaped cartilage rings?

A)to hold it open all the time
B)to allow the esophagus to expand when swallowing
C)to produce sound as air passes through
D)both to hold it open all the time and to allow the esophagus to expand when swallowing

Question 30

Which of the following is a function of the serous fluid of the pleurae?

A)reduces friction between the two layers
B)allows the two layers to slide across one another
C)creates surface tension that holds the lungs open against the chest wall
D)All of the choices are functions.

Question 31

The __________ are air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

A)larynx
B)alveoli
C)bronchi
D)trachea

Question 32

An alveolar sac is made of

A)simple squamous epithelium.
B)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
C)smooth muscle and hyaline cartilage.
D)stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 33

The diaphragm is

A)a skeletal muscle.
B)the floor of the chest cavity.
C)involved in breathing.
D)All apply.

Question 34

Which serous membrane lines the thoracic cavity?

A)visceral pleura
B)visceral peritoneum
C)parietal pericardium
D)parietal pleura

Question 35

What portion of the bronchial tree supplies each lobe of the lungs?

A)primary bronchi
B)secondary bronchi
C)tertiary bronchi
D)bronchioles

Question 36

Intrapleural pressure must be _____ intrapulmonary pressure to keep the lungs inflated.

A)less than
B)greater than
C)the same as

Question 37

What type of tissue forms the mucosa of the trachea?

A)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B)keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
C)stratified squamous epithelium
D)simple columnar epithelium

Question 38

The diaphragm contracts during ___________ and relaxes during ___________.

A)expiration,inspiration
B)inspiration,expiration

Question 39

What structures enter the lungs?

A)secondary bronchi
B)alveoli
C)primary bronchi
D)trachea

Question 40

What force creates the intrapleural pressure between the visceral and parietal pleurae?

A)air pressure
B)hydrostatic pressure
C)osmotic pressure
D)surface tension

Question 41

Average tidal volume is approximately

A)1500 mL.
B)2900 mL.
C)1000 mL.
D)500 mL.

Question 42

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A)vagus
B)intercostals
C)phrenic
D)None apply.

Question 43

A lack of impulses from the primary respiratory center to the respiratory muscles will initiate

A)contraction for expiration.
B)contraction for inspiration.
C)relaxation for expiration.
D)relaxation for inspiration.

Question 44

The extra air inhaled by taking a big,deep breath is the inspiratory capacity.
The extra air inhaled by taking a big,deep breath is the inspiratory reserve volume.

Question 45

The drop in pressure in the alveoli to below atmospheric pressure will

A)draw external air into the lungs.
B)push internal air out of the lungs.
C)have no effect on air movement.

Question 46

Air that is in the airways,but not in the alveoli for gas exchange is called the

A)residual volume.
B)dead-air space.
C)functional reserve volume.
D)None apply.

Question 47

Vital capacity is

A)air remaining in lungs after very deep exhalation.
B)air moved in and out with each breath.
C)maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single deep breath.
D)Inhaling the maximum amount of air

Question 48

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for expiration?

A)lung volume increases,alveolar volume increases,alveolar pressure increases
B)lung volume increases,alveolar volume decreases,alveolar pressure decreases
C)lung volume decreases,alveolar volume decreases,alveolar pressure increases
D)lung volume decreases,alveolar volume increases,alveolar pressure decreases

Question 49

An instrument that is used to measure lung volumes is a

A)stethoscope.
B)microscope.
C)spirometer.
D)sphygmomanometer.

Question 50

Vital capacity varies with how much inspiration and expiration can change.

Question 51

Which muscles contract for a forced expiration?

A)external intercostal muscles and internal intercostal muscles
B)internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles
C)abdominal muscles and the diaphragm
D)external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm

Question 52

As the volume of the thoracic cavity increases due to the contraction of the muscles of inspiration,what occurs in the lungs and alveoli?

A)lung and alveolar volumes increase and intrapulmonary pressure increases
B)lung and alveolar volumes increase and intrapulmonary pressure decreases
C)lung and alveolar volumes decrease and intrapulmonary pressure increases
D)lung and alveolar volumes decrease and intrapulmonary pressure decreases

Question 53

A secondary respiratory center is found in the _____ that helps ventilation to become smooth and rhythmic.

A)pons
B)midbrain
C)medulla oblongata
D)cerebellum

Question 54

Which of the following muscles contract to start normal expiration?

A)diaphragm
B)internal intercostals
C)external intercostals
D)no muscles contract

Question 55

Residual volume is

A)air remaining in the alveoli after very deep exhalation.
B)air moved in and out with each breath.
C)maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single deep breath.
D)air that remains in the passageways but not used for gas exchange

Question 56

Total lung volume is approximately 5800 mLs.

Question 57

Impulses from the primary respiratory center to the respiratory muscles will initiate

A)contraction for expiration.
B)contraction for inspiration.
C)relaxation for expiration.
D)relaxation for inspiration.

Question 58

Tidal volume is

A)air remaining in lungs after very deep exhalation.
B)air moved in and out with each normal breath.
C)maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single deep breath.

Question 59

Contraction of the respiratory muscles causes the thoracic cavity to ______ in volume.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)remain unchanged

Question 60

The primary respiratory control center is located in the

A)pons.
B)midbrain.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)cerebellum.

Question 61

The primary respiratory center is directly sensitive to _____ in the blood to modify respiration rate.

A)carbon dioxide and oxygen levels
B)hydrogen and oxygen levels
C)carbon dioxide and hydrogen levels
D)only oxygen levels

Question 62

Before external respiration occurs,the concentration or partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is _____ than in the pulmonary capillaries.

A)higher
B)lower
C)no different

Question 63

Which of the following occurs in Cheyne-Stokes respiration?

A)deep inspiration
B)sudden,forceful expiration
C)deep,labored breathing followed by eupnea
D)alternating deep,labored breathing and apnea

Question 64

Before external respiration occurs,the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is _____ than in the pulmonary capillaries.

A)higher
B)lower
C)no different

Question 65

Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the

A)bronchiole and alveoli.
B)alveoli and blood.
C)trachea and bronchi.
D)blood and tissue fluiD.

Question 66

Eupnea is

A)a bacterial infection.
B)a nonrespiratory pattern.
C)normal quiet breathing.
D)a component of Cheyne-Stokes respiration.

Question 67

Once hemoglobin has joined with oxygen,it is bright red and called

A)oxyhemoglobin.
B)carbaminohemoglobin.
C)reduced hemoglobin.
D)hemoglobin.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a method of carbon dioxide transport by the blood?

A)dissolved in the plasma
B)as carbaminohemoglobin
C)as bicarbonate ions in the plasma
D)as carbonate ions in the red blood cell

Question 69

Describe the events in ventilation.

Question 70

Oxygen is carried by the blood

A)dissolved in the plasmA.
B)bound to the iron of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
C)bound to the protein of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
D)Both dissolved in the plasma and bound to the iron of hemoglobin in red blood cells

Question 71

The carotid and aortic bodies will communicate with the primary respiratory center when

A)blood oxygen levels are low.
B)blood carbon dioxide levels are low.
C)blood oxygen levels are high.
D)blood acidity is high.

Question 72

The concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide is __________ in tissue fluid than in arterial blood.

A)higher
B)lower
C)the same in both

Question 73

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported

A)dissolved in the plasmA.
B)as carbaminohemoglobin.
C)as bicarbonate ions in the plasma.
D)All apply.

Question 74

In internal respiration,oxygen is diffusing from the

A)tissue fluid into the capillary blood.
B)capillaries into the venules.
C)capillary blood into the tissue fluid
D)alveoli into the capillary blooD.

Question 75

What principle causes the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the capillaries and the alveoli?

A)absorption
B)diffusion
C)secretion
D)active transport

Question 76

External respiration is gas exchange through the respiratory membrane between the

A)bronchiole and alveoli.
B)alveoli and blood.
C)trachea and bronchi.
D)blood and tissue fluiD.

Question 77

During external respiration

A)Hb becomes HbO₂.
B)CO₂ becomes HCO₃^-.
C)carbaminohemoglobin forms.
D)Hb becomes HHb.

Question 78

Hemoglobin assists in the transport of

A)hydrogen ions.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)oxygen.
D)hydrogen ions,carbon dioxide,and oxygen.

Question 79

The Hering-Breuer reflex

A)increases the rate of respiration.
B)prevents the over-stretching of the lungs.
C)decreases the rate of respiration.
D)stimulates gas exchange in the lungs.

Question 80

If blood carbon dioxide levels are low,the primary respiratory center will ____ the rate and depth of respiration.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)not change