Deck 8: The Nervous System

Question 1

Organize the following divisions of the nervous system in outline form: autonomic ns,central ns,parasympathetic ns,peripheral ns,somatic ns,sympathetic ns.

Answer 1

Question 2

A motor neuron carries impulses

A)to muscles and glands.
B)to the CNS.
C)always within the CNS.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The central nervous system includes the

A)spinal nerves.
B)brain.
C)cranial nerves.
D)sensory receptors.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The brain and spinal cord make up the peripheral nervous system.
The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system.

Question 5

Which of the following is part of a neuron?

A)Axon
B)Cell body
C)Dendrite
D)All apply.

Question 6

What is the structural classification of a sensory neuron?

A)Unipolar
B)Multipolar
C)Bipolar

Question 7

The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries motor fibers.
The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries sensory fibers.

Question 8

The interpretation of olfactory receptor information would fall under which general function of the nervous system?

A)Sensory input
B)Motor output
C)Integration

Question 9

A sensory neuron carries impulses

A)to muscles and glands.
B)to the CNS.
C)always within the CNS.

Question 10

Which effectors of the PNS are served by somatic motor nerves?

A)Cardiac muscle
B)Glands
C)Smooth muscle
D)Skeletal muscle

Question 11

Within the central nervous system,the myelin sheath is produced from

A)Schwann cells.
B)neurolemmocytes.
C)oligodendrocytes.
D)All apply.

Question 12

The release of saliva when thinking of food is part of which nervous system function?

A)Sensory input
B)Integration
C)Motor output

Question 13

What is the structural classification of a motor neuron?

A)Unipolar
B)Multipolar
C)Bipolar

Question 14

Which of the following contains the nucleus?

A)Axon
B)Dendrite
C)Cell body
D)None apply.

Question 15

Within the peripheral nervous system,the myelin sheath is formed by

A)Schwann cells.
B)oligodendrocytes.
C)microglial cells.
D)astrocytes.

Question 16

The spinal cord is part of the ___________,while the cranial nerves are part of the ___________.

A)CNS,PNS
B)PNS,CNS

Question 17

An interneuron carries impulses

A)to muscles and glands.
B)to the CNS.
C)always within the CNS.

Question 18

A bundle of parallel axons in the CNS is called a

A)nerve.
B)dendrite.
C)tract.
D)ganglion.

Question 19

Which part of a neuron carries impulse away from the cell body?

A)Axon
B)Dendrite
C)Nucleus
D)Neuroglia

Question 20

What is the structural classification of interneurons?

A)Unipolar
B)Multipolar
C)Bipolar

Question 21

What type of axon will experience the fastest conduction of an action potential?

A)A myelinated,thin axon
B)A myelinated,thick axon
C)A nonmyelinated,thin axon
D)A nonmyelinated,thick axon

Question 22

The small gap between two successive neurons is called the

A)synaptic cleft.
B)axon terminal.
C)dendrite terminal.
D)neurotransmitter.

Question 23

During repolarization

A)chloride ions move outside the neuron.
B)sodium ions move inside the neuron.
C)potassium ions move outside the neuron.
D)electrons stop moving along the axon.

Question 24

Tracts of myelinated axons in the CNS make up the

A)white matter.
B)gray matter.
C)cerebrospinal fluid.
D)ventricles.

Question 25

How is the intensity of a stimulus coded in the conduction of an action potential?

A)A larger voltage change occurs.
B)By increasing the speed of the action potential.
C)By the frequency of the action potentials.
D)By changing the amount of sodium ions that enter the axon.

Question 26

A stimulus will open ion channels that will allow ________ to flow into the neuron,causing the inside to become______________ charged.

A)sodium,negatively
B)sodium,positively
C)potassium,negatively
D)potassium,positively

Question 27

An action potential begins with a

A)stimulus.
B)depolarization.
C)repolarization.
D)refractory perioD.

Question 28

What system keeps the neuron at resting potential?

A)Osmosis
B)Pinocytosis
C)Sodium-potassium pump
D)Facilitated diffusion

Question 29

What does the action potential consist of?

A)Depolarization
B)Repolarization
C)Resting potential
D)Depolarization and repolarization

Question 30

On which type of neuron does saltatory conduction occur?

A)Nonmyelinated neurons only
B)Myelinated neurons only
C)Both nonmyelinated and myelinated neurons

Question 31

Gaps in the myelin sheath are called nodes of Ranvier.

Question 32

When a nerve is at its resting potential,the inside charge is

A)negative.
B)positive.
C)neutral.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT true of the resting membrane potential?

A)Potassium ions are concentrated inside the cell
B)Sodium ions are concentrated outside the cell
C)The membrane is freely permeable to sodium ions
D)Large,negatively charged proteins are inside the cell

Question 34

A very strong stimulus produces a more intense action potential.
A very strong stimulus does not increase the intensity of the action potential.

Question 35

During depolarization

A)many potassium ions move outside the neuron.
B)sodium ions move inside the neuron.
C)electrons stream along the axon.
D)calcium ions move inside the neuron.

Question 36

The resting potential of a neuron is measured at

A)+70 millivolts.
B)+1.5 volts.
C)- 45 millivolts.
D)- 70 millivolts.

Question 37

The time between action potentials when a neuron is unable to respond to a stimulus is called the

A)resting potential.
B)refractory period.
C)saltatory period.
D)depolarization perioD.

Question 38

The "jumping" of an action potential from one node of Ranvier to the next node is called

A)point to point conduction.
B)refractory conduction.
C)saltatory conduction.
D)summary conduction.

Question 39

What ion is found on the outside of the neuron membrane that mostly contributes to a positive resting potential?

A)Calcium
B)Potassium
C)Sodium
D)Chloride

Question 40

An interneuron is also known as an association neuron.

Question 41

Small signals in a synapse that don't reach threshold,but can add together are called

A)receptor potentials.
B)action potentials.
C)resting potentials.
D)graded potentials.

Question 42

Which of the following is the correct layering of the meninges from superficial to deep?

A)Dura mater,pia mater,arachnoid mater
B)Pia mater,dura mater,arachnoid mater
C)Dura mater,arachnoid mater,pia mater
D)Arachnoid mater,dura mater,pia mater

Question 43

The receptors for neurotransmitters on the post-synaptic neuron membrane are of what type?

A)Ligand-regulated gates
B)Voltage-regulated gates
C)Synaptic-regulated gates
D)Threshold-regulated gates

Question 44

An action potential can jump from one neuron to the next neuron.
An action potential can not jump from one neuron to the next neuron.

Question 45

An inhibitory neurotransmitter will cause

A)sodium gates to open into the cell.
B)potassium gates to open out of the cell.
C)sodium and chloride gates to open into the cell.
D)chloride gates to open out of the cell.

Question 46

The conduction of an action potential obeys the all-or-none law.

Question 47

The tough outer meninx is the

A)dura mater.
B)arachnoid mater.
C)pia mater.

Question 48

What flows across the synaptic cleft?

A)Sodium ions
B)Electrons
C)A neurotransmitter
D)Potassium ions

Question 49

In which direction does the transmission cross a synapse?

A)Dendrite to axon
B)Axon to dendrite
C)Either way
D)Both ways

Question 50

Neurotransmitters that open sodium-regulated gates are considered to be excitatory.

Question 51

A refractory period after an action potential has past will allow the impulse to go backwards.
A refractory period after an action potential has past will not allow the impulse to go backwards.

Question 52

The protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord are the

A)ventricles.
B)meninges.
C)serous membranes.
D)arbor vitae.

Question 53

Which disease is due,in part,to reduced amounts of acetylcholine in the brain?

A)Parkinson's disease
B)Huntington's disease
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)All apply.

Question 54

The process of nerve signal conduction is termed an action potential.

Question 55

Which of the following are features of Alzheimer Disease?

A)Neurofibrillary tangles around cell bodies of neurons
B)Build up of amyloid plaques around axon branches
C)Reduced amounts of acetylcholine
D)All apply.

Question 56

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse?

A)It stimulates the post-synaptic neuron.
B)It breaks down acetylcholine.
C)It releases calcium ions.
D)All apply.

Question 57

Which of the following is a common neurotransmitter?

A)Acetylcholine
B)Acetylcholinesterase
C)An enzyme
D)Acetylcholinesterase and an enzyme

Question 58

The summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals received by a neuron is called

A)summation.
B)potentiation.
C)integration.
D)transmission.

Question 59

What triggers the release of a neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron vesicles?

A)Sodium ions
B)Potassium ions
C)Electrons
D)Calcium ions

Question 60

The dural venous sinuses are found between

A)the dura and pia maters.
B)layers of the dura mater.
C)the arachnoid and pia maters.
D)layers of the pia mater.

Question 61

The ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord are part of the

A)white matter.
B)gray matter.
C)both gray matter and white matter.

Question 62

The lateral ventricles are located in the

A)cerebrum.
B)medulla oblongata.
C)thalamus.
D)cerebellum.

Question 63

The primary somatosensory area is located in the _____ lobe.

A)frontal
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)occipital

Question 64

The posterior root of a spinal nerve contains ________fibers,while the anterior root contains ______ fibers.

A)sensory;motor
B)sensory;association
C)motor;sensory
D)motor;association

Question 65

What separates the hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A)Lateral fissure
B)Longitudinal fissure
C)Corpus callosum
D)Central sulcus

Question 66

In the spinal cord,the gray matter is

A)inside with white matter outside.
B)outside with white matter inside.

Question 67

Which type of neuron is involved in a reflex arc?

A)Sensory
B)Motor
C)Interneuron
D)All apply.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the cerebrum?

A)Occipital lobe
B)Frontal lobe
C)Temporal lobe
D)Sphenoid lobe

Question 69

The spinal cord begins at the ________ and ends at the ________.

A)foramen magnum;sacrum
B)foramen magnum;first lumbar vertebrae
C)fifth cervical vertebrae;coccyx
D)second cervical vertebrae;first lumbar vertebrae

Question 70

What is/are the main function(s)of the spinal cord?

A)Reflex center
B)Relay center between brain and peripheral nerves
C)Reflex center and relay center between brain and peripheral nerves

Question 71

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the

A)dural mater.
B)pia mater.
C)ventricles.
D)choroid plexus.

Question 72

The space between the arachnoid and pia maters that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid is the

A)dural venous sinus.
B)subdural space.
C)subarachnoid space.
D)epidural space.

Question 73

The primary motor cortex is located in the _____ lobe.

A)frontal
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)occipital

Question 74

A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a

A)gyrus.
B)sulcus.
C)ventricle.
D)lobe.

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT a location where cerebrospinal fluid is found?

A)Subdural space
B)Brain ventricles
C)Central canal of the spinal cord
D)Subarachnoid space

Question 76

What do the ventricles of the brain contain?

A)Meninges
B)Dura mater
C)Cerebrospinal fluid
D)Meninges and dura mater

Question 77

What white matter structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

A)Longitudinal fissure
B)Lateral ventricles
C)Corpus callosum
D)Diencephalons

Question 78

Most spinal cord tracks run in such a way that the left brain controls and receives sensory information from the left side of the body.
Most spinal cord tracks run in such a way that the left brain controls and receives sensory information from the right side of the body.

Question 79

The primary visual area is located in the ______ lobe.

A)frontal
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)occipital

Question 80

What protects the spinal cord?

A)Vertebrae
B)Meninges
C)Cerebrospinal fluid
D)All apply.