Question 1

What do Hall and Lord believe the Affordable Care Act's central achievement has been?&#10;A) They believe that the Affordable Care Act's central achievement has been to ration reimbursement for care.&#10;B) They believe that the Affordable Care Act's central achievement has been to eliminate policies and costs that had rendered millions of Americans uninsurable.&#10;C) They believe that the Affordable Care Act's central achievement has been to tell physicians how to practice medicine.&#10;D) They believe that the Affordable Care Act's central achievement has been to render the insurance industry unprofitable.

Accepted Answer

Hall and Lord believe that the Affordable Care Act's central achievement has been to eliminate policies and costs that had rendered millions of Americans uninsurable. They argue that the ACA's establishment of insurance marketplaces and expansion of Medicaid eligibility have extended coverage to millions who previously could not afford or access health insurance.

Question 2

What is the &#34;free rider problem&#34; in healthcare?&#10;A) The poor do not pay for their healthcare, but instead rely on the requirement that hospitals stabilize everyone who comes to an emergency room with a medical problem.&#10;B) The poor use emergency rooms as their primary care providers, and that is more costly than other ways of securing medical care.&#10;C) Hospitals are not allowed to charge people below the poverty line for ambulance services, so these are overused.&#10;D) Young people do not get insurance until later in life when they are more likely to get sick or injured, and take advantage of the premiums paid by others who have been in the system all along.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

Geyman believes that the Affordable Care Act has effected some positive changes by doing what?&#10;A) The Affordable Care Act has effected some positive changes by restraining healthcare spending.&#10;B) The Affordable Care Act has effected some positive changes by making insurance genuinely affordable.&#10;C) The Affordable Care Act has effected some positive changes by improving the quality of care.&#10;D) The Affordable Care Act has effected some positive changes by reducing the ranks of the uninsured.

Accepted Answer

Geyman believes that the Affordable Care Act has positively impacted the healthcare system by reducing the number of uninsured individuals. This can lead to increased access to healthcare, improved health outcomes, and reduced uncompensated care costs for hospitals. He does not necessarily believe that the ACA has restrained healthcare spending, made insurance genuinely affordable, or improved the quality of care, although these may be debated points.

Question 4

Which of the following types of rights always entails a duty on the part of someone else?&#10;A) a claim-right&#10;B) a health care right&#10;C) a statutory right&#10;D) a moral right

Accepted Answer

A claim-right is a type of right that entails a duty on the part of someone else, as it refers to a right to something that another individual or entity is obligated to provide or deliver. For example, a person's right to receive compensation for work done is a claim-right that puts a duty on their employer to pay them. In contrast, a health care right, statutory right, or moral right may not necessarily impose a corresponding duty on others.

Question 5

According to Avik Roy, single-payer government insurance programs&#10;A) are financially unsustainable.&#10;B) amount to immoral infringements on economic liberty.&#10;C) are financially unsustainable and amount to immoral infringements on economic liberty.&#10;D) amount to market-oriented policies.

Accepted Answer

Avik Roy asserted that single-payer government insurance programs are both financially unsustainable and amount to immoral infringements on economic liberty.

Question 6

The Affordable Care Act has established&#10;A) pandemic insurability.&#10;B) universal insurability.&#10;C) selective insurability.&#10;D) regressive insurability.

Accepted Answer

The Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, established universal insurability by requiring all Americans to have health insurance coverage. This included expanding access to Medicaid and creating insurance marketplaces for individuals to purchase coverage.

Question 7

Which of the following is true of Kai Nielsen's view?&#10;A) He believes everyone should receive the same quality of health care irrespective of the ability to pay.&#10;B) He believes health care should be taken out of the private sector.&#10;C) He favors removing the profit motives for being a doctor.&#10;D) All of these choices

Accepted Answer

In his essay "Why Social Justice Matters," Kai Nielsen argues that access to health care should be universal and not dependent on ability to pay, indicating support for answer choice A. He also suggests that health care should be a public service and not subject to the profit motives of the private sector, aligning with answer choice B. Additionally, Nielsen suggests that the profit motives of doctors should be removed in order to prioritize patient care, indicating support for answer choice C. Therefore, all of the choices are true of Kai Nielsen's view.

Question 8

What principle does Daniels argue should govern the distribution of healthcare in a just society?&#10;A) The difference principle&#10;B) The principle of fair equality of opportunity&#10;C) The egalitarian principle&#10;D) The first come, first served principle

Accepted Answer

Daniels argues that the distribution of healthcare in a just society should be governed by the principle of fair equality of opportunity, which means that everyone should have equal access to basic healthcare services regardless of socioeconomic status, race, or other factors beyond their control. This principle ensures that everyone has a fair chance to achieve their full health potential and live a fulfilling life.

Question 9

What approach to healthcare does Avik Roy favor?&#10;A) A socialized approach.&#10;B) A single-payer approach.&#10;C) A market-based approach.&#10;D) A monopolistic approach.

Accepted Answer

Avik Roy favors a market-based approach to healthcare, which emphasizes competition and consumer choice rather than government control or monopolies. He advocates for policies such as expanded health savings accounts, greater transparency in pricing, and increased competition among insurance providers.

Question 10

Prior to the application of the Affordable Care Act, what was the most common reason cited by Americans for not getting medical insurance?&#10;A) They could not afford the premiums.&#10;B) They did not believe that they needed it.&#10;C) They were covered by Medicaid.&#10;D) They were covered by Medicare.

Accepted Answer

Prior to the Affordable Care Act, the most common reason cited by Americans for not getting medical insurance was that they could not afford the premiums.

Question 11

Which of the following types of rights entails a definable duty with the availability of formal remedies if the duty is not performed?&#10;A) a moral right&#10;B) a health care right&#10;C) a legal right&#10;D) a human right

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following types of rights...

Question 12

The costs of medical care are high in the United States because of&#10;A) drug costs.&#10;B) the lack of price negotiations.&#10;C) advances in costly technology.&#10;D) all of these choices.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The costs of medical care are high...

Question 13

Which of the following describes the result of the wide institution of managed care plans in 1994?&#10;A) It slowed spending but costs continued to grow.&#10;B) It slowed spending and costs started to decreased.&#10;C) It hurried spending and costs started to decreased.&#10;D) It hurried spending and costs started to rapidly increase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following describes the result...

Question 14

According to Kai Nielsen, what type of medical system is justified?&#10;A) A single-tier system&#10;B) A two-tier system&#10;C) A three-tier system&#10;D) Any type of tiered system

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Kai Nielsen, what type of...

Question 15

According to Kai Nielsen, what other value must be instantiated in society if we really value autonomy?&#10;A) Privacy&#10;B) Safety&#10;C) Healthcare&#10;D) Equality

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Kai Nielsen, what other value...

Deck 9: Distributing Health Care-PART A