Deck 9: Preserving Biodiversity a Forest Without Elephants

Question 1

The singling out of well-known species for conservation efforts falls under which approach?

A)ecosystem conservation
B)single-species conservation
C)landscape conservation
D)conservation genetics
E)ecosystem restoration

Answer 1

single-species conservation

Question 2

Which are global threats to biodiversity?

A)climate change
B)introduction of invasive species
C)habitat destruction and fragmentation
D)overexploitation
E)All of the choices are global threats.

Answer 2

All of the choices are global threats.

Question 3

Refer to the graph in Infographic 1.Which human activities likely contribute to climate change?

A)logging,agriculture,pollution
B)energy production,residential development,aquaculture
C)mining,commercial development,fisheries
D)All of these activities contribute to climate change.
E)None of these activities contribute to climate change.

Answer 3

All of these activities contribute to climate change.

Question 4

According to the Red List,created by the International Union for Conservation of Nature,which classification would be given to a species under the most serious threat?

A)near threatened
B)vulnerable
C)critically endangered
D)endangered
E)least concern

Question 5

Which of the following biodiversity threats is matched correctly to its effect?

A)overfishing - decreased population numbers of the Mekong River dolphin
B)pollution - decreased oyster reefs by 85%
C)climate change - threatens polar bear habitat in the Arctic Circle
D)habitat fragmentation - caused the Bramble Cay melomys to go extinct
E)invasive species - increases vulnerability of elephants and tigers to poaching drives

Question 6

Many zoos participate in species survival plans in which members of a particular endangered species are transferred from zoo to zoo to mate with other members of that species.Why is this mating technique important for the continuation of the species?

A)Oftentimes,zoos will have only one sex of the endangered animal,so to mate those individuals,they must be moved to another zoo with members of the opposite sex.
B)This reduces the genetic diversity of the population as a whole and increases the likelihood that the species will survive and thrive in the wild.
C)This technique allows captive animals to experience different environments,since they are unlikely to ever be released back into the wild.
D)This technique increases the genetic diversity of the next generation of the species,which makes them more suited to weather any disturbances in their natural habitats upon release.
E)There are only a few zoos that are certified to house and rear young,so mating and birth must take place at these facilities.

Question 7

Refer to the graph in Infographic 1.Agriculture/aquaculture represents the second greatest threat to species.Why do you think this is? Frame your answer in terms of the major threats to global biodiversity.

Question 8

What are threatened species?

A)species we do not have enough data for to determine their population numbers
B)only large mammals like elephants,pandas,and whales
C)only species poached for their organs or other parts
D)species at risk for extinction
E)species that have already gone extinct

Question 9

Which of the following is due to human activities?

A)climate change
B)introduction of invasive species
C)habitat destruction and fragmentation
D)overexploitation
E)All of the answer choices are caused by human activities.

Question 10

Which of the following is/are impacts African elephants have as keystone species?

A)dispersing fruit tree seeds throughout the forest
B)trampling young trees in the savanna
C)dispersing fertilizer in the form of dung
D)opening the forest canopy by felling trees
E)These are all impacts African elephants have.

Question 11

Why are elephants killed by poachers?

A)for their tail,to make bracelets form the hair
B)for their eyes,which are thought to have medicinal powers
C)for their tusks,to make jewelry and carvings
D)All of these choices are reasons poachers kill elephants.

Question 12

According to the UN Environment Programme,how many of all plants and animals on Earth are at risk of going extinct?

A)1/2
B)1/3
C)1/4
D)1/8
E)1/100

Question 13

Conservation biology is a science whose aim is to preserve ___________.

A)ecosystems
B)habitats
C)biodiversity
D)specific species
E)only endangered species

Question 14

The number one threat to biodiversity is ___________.

A)habitat fragmentation
B)overexploitation
C)pollution
D)climate change
E)habitat destruction

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order for IUCN-threatened species designations from MOST threatened to LEAST threatened?

A)critically endangered > endangered > vulnerable
B)vulnerable > endangered > critically endangered
C)endangered > critically endangered > vulnerable
D)critically endangered > near threatened > vulnerable
E)endangered > near threatened > vulnerable

Question 16

What are some tactics utilized in single-species conservation efforts?

A)captive breeding programs
B)release of animals back into the wild
C)use of charismatic species-that is,those that garner attention and funds from the public
D)fieldwork to monitor species and habitat health
E)all of these answer choices are correct

Question 17

What is the effect on a population as more individuals die off?

A)genetic diversity increases,and the population becomes safer
B)genetic diversity decreases,and the population becomes vulnerable to extinction
C)genetic diversity decreases,and the population becomes safer
D)genetic diversity increases,and the population becomes vulnerable to extinction

Question 18

Refer to Infographic 2.Why might the number of species counted in the Red List of Threatened Species be underestimated in every category?

Question 19

How many African elephants were estimated killed in 2011 alone?

A)35,000
B)40,000
C)325,000
D)1 million
E)50

Question 20

What is a keystone species?

A)only threatened species
B)a species that impacts the community more than its numbers would predict
C)species that have gone extinct
D)a species that is poached
E)only forest species

Question 21

What are some techniques employed by ecosystem conservationists?

A)reforestation
B)remediation
C)landscape conservation
D)monitoring of indicator species
E)All of these techniques are employed.

Question 22

Through conservation genetics,poaching hotspots for elephants have been identified.Where is one of these hotspots located?

A)Cameroon
B)Tanzania
C)Botswana
D)Zambia
E)Zimbabwe

Question 23

What is the goal of ecosystem restoration?

A)to completely restore the ecosystem to the state before humans existed
B)to restore the species that have gone extinct from the area
C)to return the ecosystem to its original state or as close as possible
D)to change the ecosystem into a different one based on the area
E)to bring new species into the ecosystem

Question 24

Conservation genetics is useful to determine ___________.

A)whether two populations are distinct species or the same species
B)the amount of genetic diversity in a population
C)from which region of a country a contraband animal product is from
D)whether one population is part of an endangered species
E)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 25

Which of the following groups make up the landscape species suite for the northeastern forests of Congo?

A)giraffes,chimpanzees,and mountain gorillas
B)savanna elephants,giraffes,and chimpanzees
C)forest elephants,giraffes,and mountain gorillas
D)savanna elephants,hyenas,and cheetahs
E)forest elephants,chimpanzees,and mountain gorillas

Question 26

Which ecosystem would yield the greatest benefit from ecosystem conservation efforts?

A)an ecosystem with high biodiversity
B)an ecosystem with low biodiversity
C)Ecosystem conservation efforts would benefit both ecosystems equally.
D)Ecosystem conservation efforts would not benefit either ecosystem.

Question 27

With which other conservation efforts could conservation genetics collaborate with?

A)ecosystem conservation
B)single-species conservation
C)landscape conservation
D)remediation
E)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 28

What information can be obtained through DNA fingerprinting,and why is it important that DNA fingerprinting be done using microsatellite DNA regions? What is special about these regions?

Question 29

Which region of DNA molecules do conservation geneticists study?

A)promoters
B)the entire gene sequence
C)a portion of the gene sequence that encodes a protein
D)small sequences of repeating nucleotides
E)Conservation geneticists actually study RNA molecules.

Question 30

From where can conservation geneticists collect DNA samples to monitor endangered species?

A)hair
B)feces
C)ivory
D)skin cells
E)hair,skin cells,feces,and ivory

Question 31

What are some limits to the single-species conservation approach?

A)Typically,only cute animals are recipients of this approach.
B)It does not take the entire ecosystem into account.
C)The genetic altering of keystone species does not always produce a more fit species for that ecosystem.
D)Mostly cute animals are recipients of this approach,and it does not take the entire ecosystem into account.
E)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 32

Which conservation treaties or acts are international?

A)Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
B)Convention on Biological Diversity
C)Endangered Species Act
D)both the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and Convention on Biological Diversity
E)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 33

Why would DNA fingerprinting be a useful tool to monitor some populations of endangered species?

Question 34

Which of the following would be an example of a flagship species?

A)white warty-back pearly mussel
B)zebra mussel
C)brown tree snake
D)giant panda
E)red robin

Question 35

Consider the following scenario: A captive breeding program employed by several zoos has had tremendous success in increasing the number of Amazon River dolphins in captivity.The eventual goal of this effort is to release these animals back into their natural habitat,which is increasingly becoming more and more polluted.Do you think this conservation effort will save the Amazon River dolphin? Why or why not? If not,what would you do in conjunction with the breeding program?

Question 36

Refer to Infographic 5.Using the DNA fingerprints,determine from where the unknown tusk was likely to have originated.

A)from the purple elephant population
B)from the brown elephant population
C)from the blue elephant population
D)from the dark green elephant population
E)There are not enough data to determine this.

Question 37

In contrast to single-species conservation,ecosystem conservation ___________.

A)focuses only on species of financial interest to humans
B)uses measures such as species richness and evenness to guide conservation efforts
C)uses genetically modified organisms (GMOs)to increase the health of an ecosystem
D)affects only the health of indicator species of an ecosystem
E)focuses only on species with a low population number

Question 38

Why do you think single-species conservation efforts have focused on cute and cuddly endangered species? What are the pros and cons to such an approach?

Question 39

What is conservation genetics?

A)conserving a species genome so that it is best adapted to the current environment
B)harvesting and saving samples of species genomes from distinct time periods
C)a way to inform conservation efforts based on genetic information from species
D)techniques that preserve a low genetic diversity of an ecosystem
E)the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)to strength a particular ecosystem

Question 40

In landscape conservation,several indicator species are chosen as a group that uses all vital areas within an ecosystem.What is this group of species called?

A)landscape indicator species
B)landscape species suite
C)ecosystem conservation suite
D)flagship indicator species
E)ecosystem indicator suite

Question 41

Why would the sale of legitimately acquired ivory (from elephants deceased from natural causes,for example)increase poaching and the sale of illegally acquired ivory?

Question 42

How much of Earth's total ocean area is protected to some degree?

A)1.6%
B)5.8%
C)12.1%
D)19.4%
E)24.4%

Question 43

What legal protection did the Lacey Act of 1900 give?

A)protection of all marine mammals
B)regulation of the trade of endangered species
C)prohibition on the sale or possession of illegally obtained wildlife
D)pursuit of goals related to biodiversity conservation
E)encouragement of wetlands conservation

Question 44

You own a ranch,and the surrounding areas are being developed for residential and commercial use.You want to limit development on your property and preserve the conservation value of your ranch.Which of the following conservation efforts would be the best option?

A)a debt-for-nature swap
B)ecotourism
C)joining a nonprofit organization
D)a conservation easement

Question 45

In which protected area(s)can you hunt and fish?

A)wilderness area
B)national park
C)nature preserve
D)wildlife refuge
E)both wilderness areas and wildlife refuges

Question 46

Which of the following legal protections regulates the international sale and trade of endangered and threatened species or products?

A)Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
B)Convention on Biological Diversity
C)Marine Mammals Protection Act
D)Lacey Act
E)Endangered Species Act

Question 47

Why do experts think that protected areas,even though they have been successful in the past,are not a long-term solution for endangered species?

A)There are not enough nature preserves,which have the highest level of protection.
B)Populations within these areas will become inbred after a while,which decreases the genetic diversity and makes the population more vulnerable to disturbances.
C)The areas themselves are being degraded due to factors like global warming and human construction,so the populations within the areas have to go outside of them,in unprotected areas,to find suitable habitats.
D)There is not enough species diversity within these areas.
E)Experts actually think that these kinds of protected areas are the solution for long-term management of endangered species.

Question 48

In which protected area do you think an endangered species would best thrive?

Question 49

How much of Earth's total land area is protected to some degree?

A)7%
B)13%
C)28%
D)48%
E)62%

Question 50

What is ecotourism?

A)low-impact travel to natural areas that contributes to the protection of the environment
B)where travelers go to different ecosystems around the globe
C)the ability of a tourist to purchase a small plot of land in a protected reserve
D)the financial gain that a community makes through the sale of their contraband animal products to tourists
E)virtual travel where the tourist does not impact the environment

Question 51

Which of the following is classified as a protected area?

A)wilderness area
B)national park
C)nature preserve
D)wildlife refuge
E)All of these answer choices are classified as protected areas.

Question 52

What is one way a consumer might impact the conservation of species and their habitats?

A)being educated about local and global conservation issues
B)buying sustainably produced products
C)using fewer resources
D)reducing carbon emissions
E)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 53

Which strategies are included in the Endangered Species Act to protect endangered species?

A)relocation of populations
B)genetic modification
C)habitat destruction
D)privately funded habitat conservation

Question 54

In Infographic 7,South America is shown as having a large amount of protected areas.Why do you think these protected areas are especially important to the biodiversity of Earth?

Question 55

What is true in debt-for-nature swaps?

A)The wealthy nation's debt is forgiven when it donates money to conservation efforts.
B)In exchange for land rights in protected areas,wealthy nations forgive part of a developing nation's debt.
C)Wealthy nations forgive a part of a developing nation's debt if that nation promises to pay a percentage of any ecotourism profit to the wealthy nations.
D)Part of a developing nation's debt is forgiven by wealthy nations if they promise to protect natural areas in their country.
E)Part of a developing nation's debt is forgiven by wealthy nations if they promise to give the wealthy nations exclusive rights to vacation in protected areas.

Question 56

The overall goal of conservation efforts is to ___________.

A)increase and maintain Earth's biodiversity
B)protect species on the Red List
C)increase the ecotourism industry
D)make developing countries more financially stable
E)protect only land ecosystems and not ocean ecosystems

Question 57

What is the most important aspect of the protection of endangered species and ecosystems?
A.strict laws forbidding the sale of illegal animal products
B.international treaties protecting endangered ecosystems
C.conservation groups and efforts
D.cooperation from the local communities
E.All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 58

Which of the following is considered one of the main laws in the United States that protect threatened species?

A)Lacey Act
B)Ramsar Convention
C)Convention on Biological Diversity
D)Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
E)Endangered Species Act

Question 59

What is a potential cause of a community hunting and selling products from endangered species?

A)droughts
B)war
C)poor nutrient soil
D)disease
E)droughts,war,poor nutrient soil,and disease

Question 60

Which of the following protected areas are set aside primarily for human recreation?

A)national parks
B)wildlife refuges
C)wilderness areas
D)nature preserves

Question 61

Approximately what percentage of amphibians are classified as endangered and critically endangered?

A)10%
B)20%
C)40%
D)70%

Question 62

Part of your conservation work is done with monarch butterflies,and you are part of a team gathering data to see if the species show have legal protection in the Unites States under the federal law that protects biodiversity.That law is the

A)Convention on Biological Diversity.
B)Endangered Species Act.
C)Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
D)Lacy Act.

Question 63

You work with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)on several threatened species.A threatened species is one

A)at risk for extinction.
B)extinct in the wild,but some individuals are still found in zoos or protected areas.
C)that is labeled as data deficient by the IUCN.
D)that needs specific habitat to survive.

Question 64

Refer to Infographic 8.Which conservation method do you think would benefit an endangered species whose habitat is being destroyed?

Question 65

You are working with the Red Wolf,a critically endangered species in the southeastern United States.Your conservation strategy is to establish a Species Survival Plan to use a captive breeding program to increase the population numbers.The ultimate goal of this plan would be to

A)restore the habitat of the red wolf.
B)increase legal protections for the red wolf.
C)release more red wolves into the wild.
D)create protected areas for the red wolf.

Question 66

Which of the following groups has the highest proportion of data deficient species?

A)amphibians
B)lobsters
C)groupers
D)sharks and rays

Question 67

How many total number of species of conifers are shown?

A)100
B)609
C)501
D)163

Question 68

The group with the most proportion of species in the endangered category is the

A)cycads.
B)conifers.
C)amphibians.
D)mammals.

Question 69

Why would efforts to reduce armed conflict in many communities aid the preservation of endangered species?

Question 70

The group with the largest total number of species is the

A)amphibians.
B)sharks and rays.
C)freshwater crabs.
D)birds.

Question 71

You are giving a talk about your conservation work.Someone in the audience asks what she can do to help conservation efforts.You talk about low-impact travel to natural areas,which can contribute to conservation by bringing in money to protect the environment.This is known as

A)debt-for-nature swaps.
B)a conservation easement.
C)valuing ecosystem services.
D)ecotourism.

Question 72

You are asked to work on a conservation project in the Costa Rican rainforest.The plan is to use an ecosystem-based conservation approach to return part of the rainforest ecosystem to its original state after it had been converted to cropland.This is an example of

A)landscape conservation.
B)ecosystem restoration.
C)a debt-for-nature swap.
D)an international legal habitat protection.