Deck 12: Environmental Health Eradicating a Parasitic Nightmare

Question 1

Public health epidemiologists study the overall health status of ________.

A)a human population
B)a human individual
C)all organisms
D)an ecosystem
E)any organism pathogenic to humans

Answer 1

a human population

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of Guinea worm disease?

A)The infection starts when a person ingests contaminated water containing copepods infected with Guinea worm larvae.
B)The larvae mature into adult male and female worms in the heart tissue.
C)The males die,but the females continue to grow in the victim's tissue.
D)The disease is not fatal but can be debilitating
E)There are no medications or vaccines for the disease.

Answer 2

The larvae mature into adult male and female worms in the heart tissue.

Question 3

Which of the following is a physical environmental hazard?

A)air pollution
B)water pollution
C)a dangerous road
D)infectious bacteria
E)viruses

Answer 3

a dangerous road

Question 4

Why is the health of the natural environment one of the biggest influences on human health hazards?

Question 5

Infectious diseases are a type of ______ hazard.

A)physical
B)chemical
C)biological
D)human-caused
E)Infectious diseases are not hazardous.

Question 6

Which of the organisms listed below causes disease in humans?

A)fungi
B)bacteria
C)viruses
D)worms
E)fungi,bacteria,viruses,and worms

Question 7

Which of the following is an environmental link to vector-borne diseases?

A)standing water in tires,vessels,and so on
B)contaminated water used on crops
C)flood delivering fecal waste to bodies of water
D)rain events that overwhelm sewage treatment plants
E)fecal contamination of water from animal waste

Question 8

Why is it difficult to map cause-and-effect relationships of human hazards and disease?

Question 9

According to the World Health Organization,how many people fall victim to waterborne diseases each year?

A)100,000
B)1,000,000
C)100,000,000
D)1,000,000,000
E)10,000

Question 10

What is the biggest environmental threat in low-income nations?

A)biological risks
B)air pollution
C)hazardous chemicals
D)radiation
E)asbestos

Question 11

Why does urbanization sometimes lead to an increased incidence of waterborne pathogen infections?

Question 12

How does climate change affect environmental hazards?

A)increases clean water supplies
B)decreases extreme weather conditions
C)decreases the range of pathogens
D)increases the range of vectors
E)decreases air pollution

Question 13

In a vector-borne disease,the _______ directly causes the disease.

A)vector
B)pathogen
C)human
D)host
E)water

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE of environmental hazards?

A)Someone negatively affected by a chemical hazard may be less susceptible to a biological hazard.
B)Indoor air pollution in especially problematic in high-income areas throughout the world.
C)Humans are exposed to only one type of hazard at a time.
D)Even the human-built environment is seen as an environmental hazard.
E)Environmental factors contribute to about half of deaths worldwide.

Question 15

In the northeastern United States,habitat fragmentation has caused an increase in which of the following?

A)a schistosomiasis-carrying snail
B)incidences of Lyme disease
C)Guinea worm disease
D)the Zika virus
E)cholera

Question 16

What are the variables that a public health epidemiologist should take into account when devising a plan to mitigate a health threat?

A)economic
B)environmental
C)cultural
D)both economic and environmental
E)economic,environmental,and cultural

Question 17

In Guinea worm disease (GWD),which organism is a vector?

A)humans
B)copepods
C)Guinea worms
D)contaminated water

Question 18

The leading environmental threat overall is ___________.

A)air pollution
B)water pollution
C)climate change
D)radiation
E)infectious agents

Question 19

Waterborne and _______ diseases are the main infectious disease threats to human health.

A)airborne
B)chemical hazard
C)vector-borne
D)physical hazard
E)biological hazard

Question 20

Which human activity has NOT influenced the prevalence and seriousness of health hazards?

A)deforestation
B)urbanization
C)dam building
D)habitat fragmentation
E)All of these options have influenced the prevalence and seriousness of human health hazards.

Question 21

Environmental health is a branch of public health that focuses on health hazards in ___________.

A)only natural environments
B)only human-built environments
C)both natural and human-built environments
D)contaminated water,air,and soil
E)drinking water

Question 22

What is an example of a cultural variable that may influence the plan of action for a particular health threat?

A)water cleanliness
B)habitat fragmentation
C)average income of the population affected
D)religious beliefs

Question 23

Refer to Infographic 4.Of the prevention methods mentioned in the graphic,which do you think would have the largest impact on Guinea worm disease (GWD)eradication?

Question 24

People in less developed nations are more likely to die of ___________.

A)noncommunicable diseases
B)infectious diseases
C)lifestyle choices
D)cancer
E)a heart attack

Question 25

What was the main problem related to preventing Guinea worm disease in the Nigerian village where Ruiz-Tiben was working?

A)too much urbanization
B)habitat fragmentation
C)deforestation
D)human resistance to change
E)climate change

Question 26

Refer to Infographic 5 below.Which economic status shows the largest proportion of infectious,neonatal,and nutritional diseases?

A)high income
B)upper-middle income
C)lower-middle income
D)low income
E)They all have the same proportion of infectious,neonatal,and nutritional diseases.

Question 27

Guinea worm disease (GWD)in humans is caused by ___________.

A)direct burrowing of the worm into a person's foot
B)drinking contaminated water containing adult Guinea worms
C)drinking contaminated water containing copepods infected with Guinea worm larvae
D)human-to-human contact (that is,an infected human can transmit the worms directly to another uninfected human)
E)drinking contaminated water containing copepods

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a way public health programs work to improve the health of human populations?

A)provide information and health care advice to communities
B)provide needed preventative medical care and treatment
C)make recommendation to improve health in specific groups and the population as a whole
D)analyze statistics related to a person's health to determine risk for various population groups
E)All of these answers are correct.

Question 29

How might poor water quality be a result of all the variable types of a population-that is,cultural and social factors,economic stability or instability,and environmental factors?

Question 30

Why do you think such a high proportion of diarrheal diseases can be attributed to environmental factors?

Question 31

What major step did former U.S.president Jimmy Carter take to help Guinea worm disease prevention in Sudan?

A)He donated millions to the prevention teams.
B)He sent more workers to help in Sudan.
C)He negotiated a Guinea Worm Cease Fire to allow for 6 months of treatment across the country.
D)He made a vaccine for the disease.
E)He did not do anything to help the prevention efforts.

Question 32

How might washing your hands lead to a human health threat?

Question 33

Which prevention method(s)would be most effective in the eradication of Guinea worm disease?

A)reducing air pollution
B)providing access to clean water
C)ceasing all war
D)using solar stoves for cooking
E)planting runoff gardens near bodies of water

Question 34

What is one way to prevent Guinea worm disease (GWD)?

A)educating the human population about GWD and ways to prevent it
B)killing copepods with pesticides
C)drinking filtered water
D)avoiding immersing GWD blisters in water
E)All of the above are ways to prevent GWD.

Question 35

What did the Nigerian villagers believe about Guinea worm disease?

A)The sickness was delivered by angry gods as punishment.
B)The scientists brought the disease with them.
C)Treating the water with pesticides would the gods.
D)Their ancestors wanted them to be sick
E)The worms would never be eradicated.

Question 36

Which prevention action is likely to have the greatest effect on reducing the death rate in less developed countries?

A)diet
B)clean water
C)exercise
D)strict industrial pollution regulations
E)regular medical checkups

Question 37

Guinea worm disease is close to total eradication.What is the only other infectious disease to have been eradicated?

A)HIV/AIDS
B)tuberculosis
C)smallpox
D)lung cancer
E)No other infectious disease has ever been eradicated.

Question 38

Why was treating Guinea worm disease in Sudan so problematic?

A)The country was too poor to afford treatment.
B)The country was in the middle of a civil war.
C)No workers wanted to go into the country to help.
D)The U.S.government forbid any one to help the people.
E)It was too much work to help the nation.

Question 39

Refer to Infographic 5 below.Which area shows the highest percentage of disease burden?

A)United States
B)Australia
C)South America
D)Africa
E)Canada

Question 40

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),a sexually transmitted infection,is especially prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa.Given what you know about the variables affecting health threats,why do you think passing out free condoms,which would prevent the spread of the virus,may not be an effective strategy?

Question 41

Why is the eradication of Guinea worm disease (GWD)possible?

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT an example of a zoonotic disease?

A)Zika
B)Ebola
C)rabies
D)Guinea worm disease
E)chikungunya

Question 43

Why do you think 75% of all emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic?

Question 44

Environmental hazards are responsible for what percent of death and disease worldwide?

A)23
B)75
C)25
D)50
E)77

Question 45

Why is it important to get affected community buy-in when trying to reduce environmental health hazards (or any kind of hazard,for that matter)?

Question 46

Why is Guinea worm disease (GWD)not a zoonotic disease?

Question 47

Zoonotic diseases are impacted by ___________.

A)bushmeat trade
B)environmental changes
C)human encroachment into wild areas
D)climate change
E)All of these answers are correct.

Question 48

A zoonotic disease is one that ___________.

A)occurs in zoos and other artificial environments
B)can spread between one infected animal to another,but cannot be spread to humans
C)can spread between infected animals and humans
D)is an emerging infectious disease
E)is caused by environmental changes that are usually caused by humans

Question 49

What is an obstacle to the eradication of Guinea worm disease?

A)indifference
B)political issues
C)human stubbornness
D)poverty
E)All of these answers are correct.

Question 50

About 72% of zoonotic disease,including Ebola,comes from which of the following?

A)environmental change
B)wildlife
C)air pollution
D)habitat loss
E)infected drinking water

Question 51

What might be some reasons diarrheal disease is not one of the top 10 causes of death in high-income countries?

Question 52

In 1986,there were over 3.5 million cases of Guinea worm disease.How many confirmed cases were reported in 2016?

A)25
B)500
C)3,500
D)50,000
E)over 100,000

Question 53

What do you think has had the greatest impact on eradicating Guinea worm disease?

Question 54

Who must support the prevention of environmentally mediated health problems for the efforts to be successful?

A)the at-risk communities themselves
B)international communities
C)more developed countries
D)the at-risk communities themselves,international communities,and more developed countries
E)The efforts need no support.

Question 55

How would your actions of taking the entire prescription of an antibiotic potentially help individuals living on the other side of the world?

Question 56

Which of the following causes the most deaths globally?

A)diarrheal diseases
B)malaria
C)noncommunicable diseases
D)dengue fever
E)schistosomiasis

Question 57

How might challenges to prevent Guinea worm disease (GWD)in a low-income country be similar to challenges to prevent cardiovascular disease in a high-income country?

Question 58

In the chapter,Nabil Aziz Mikhail says that war is the one human behavior that favors Guinea worm disease (GWD)more than bathing in infested water.Why do you think that is?

Question 59

Which of the following is TRUE of global environmental health?

A)Infectious and parasitic diseases account for 80% of deaths due to environmental factors worldwide each year.
B)Zoonotic diseases cause the most deaths globally.
C)No environmental hazards are modifiable.
D)Environmental factors contribute to 77% of deaths annually.
E)The main environmentally mediated infectious diseases are diarrheal diseases,lung infections,and mosquito-transmitted diseases.

Question 60

Emerging infectious diseases are ___________.

A)diseases new to humans
B)illnesses that are not transmissible between people
C)diseases that have established themselves in the natural world
D)all zoonotic
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 61

Science Literacy Look at this breakdown of the environmental connection to some of the most serious human health problems and answer the questions that follow.
Which of the following is a logical inference (conclusion)based on these data and what you know about environmental health problems?

A)Pursuing environmental modifications for malaria would be unlikely to lower its incidence.
B)Improving access to proper sanitation could decrease the incidence of diarrheal diseases.
C)All schistosomiasis and intestinal nematode infections are linked to environmental factors.
D)Most lung infections are caused by environmental factors like air pollution.

Question 62

Science Literacy Look at this breakdown of the environmental connection to some of the most serious human health problems and answer the questions that follow.
Malaria,dengue,and Japanese encephalitis are all transmitted by a mosquito vector.Which action below would be most helpful in reducing the incidence of this disease?

A)providing more nutritious food for potential victims
B)providing better sanitation
C)purifying drinking water or provide filters
D)reducing standing water in the area

Question 63

Science Literacy Look at this breakdown of the environmental connection to some of the most serious human health problems and answer the questions that follow.
Which of the following is the probable question researchers were trying to answer with this study?

A)Which human health problems are most affected by environmental factors?
B)Are human health problems more problematic in developing or developed regions?
C)Which types of disease cause the most deaths-communicable or noncommunicable?
D)How do major human health problems compare in terms of incidence and death?

Question 64

Science Literacy Look at this breakdown of the environmental connection to some of the most serious human health problems and answer the questions that follow.
Which of the following is an observation (result)based on this data?

A)Factors that cause diarrheal diseases could also be linked to malnutrition.
B)The incidence of asthma and lung infections is going up.
C)Schistosomiasis is more strongly influence by the environment than malaria is.
D)Dengue causes twice as many deaths as malaria,lung infections,or asthma.

Question 65

Match each term in the left-hand column to the statement that it best exemplifies.