Deck 27: Oil and Natural Gas the Bakken Oil Boom

Question 1

When talking about the formation of fossil fuels,cap rock is a ________________.

A)reservoir layer holding water
B)reservoir layer hold petroleum
C)reservoir layer holding natural gas
D)dense layer holding in natural gas and petroleum

Answer 1

dense layer holding in natural gas and petroleum

Question 2

Refer to Infographic 2.Which area has the most natural gas and the most oil reserves?

A)United States
B)Russia
C)Middle East
D)Libya and western Africa
E)Venezuela

Answer 2

Middle East

Question 3

What is a conventional oil reserve? How does the distribution of conventional oil reserves impact relationships between countries?

Answer 3

Conventional petroleum reserves are liquid deposits that contain freely flowing oil or oil that can be pumped out.Conventional petroleum reserves are not evenly distributed across the Earth.Therefore,political problems arise between countries that have the oil reserves and those that do not,yet have high rates of oil consumption.

Question 4

Why might it be difficult to accurately predict the point at which we reach peak oil?

Question 5

Secondary production of oil consists of _________________.

A)pumping steam into the well to force the oil out
B)drilling a vertical well into the Earth
C)using natural pressure to allow the oil to move upward
D)pumping water into the well to force the oil out
E)drilling a horizontal well into the rock layers

Question 6

If current rates of use and extraction do not change,known natural gas reserves are expected to last ____________ years.

A)10 to 20
B)60 to 100
C)100 to 200
D)500 to 1,000
E)1,500 to 2,500

Question 7

Which of the following types of fuel is composed of hydrocarbons?

A)oil
B)coal
C)natural gas
D)wood
E)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 8

Unlike coal,the starting material for oil and natural gas was _________________.

A)mossy plant material
B)petrified wood
C)marine organisms
D)fossilized birds
E)dinosaur bones

Question 9

What would be the consequence of using up all available oil for gasoline and transport uses?

Question 10

The three principle fossil fuels are __________________.

A)coal,oil,and natural gas
B)oil,natural gas,and tar sands
C)oil,natural gas,and oil shale
D)coal,peat,and lignite

Question 11

Explain why it is difficult to determine how long oil reserves will last.

Question 12

What is a proven reserve?

A)the moment in time when oil will reach its highest production levels and then steadily and terminally decline
B)a measure of the amount of fuel that is economically feasible to extract from a deposit,using current technology
C)a liquid deposit that contains free-flowing oil or oil that can be pumped out
D)the value of a barrel of oil at any given time

Question 13

What process allows for primary production of oil from a well?

A)significant pressure on the oil from millions of tons of rocks pressing down and Earth's heat
B)drilling of injection wells
C)water pumping through injection wells into the ground
D)injection of carbon dioxide or steam into the reservoir
E)use of hydraulic technologies in the well

Question 14

A nonrenewable natural resource formed millions of years ago from plant or animal remains that is used as an energy source is called a ___________________.

A)hydrocarbon
B)peat
C)unconventional source
D)fossil fuel

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?

A)oil
B)peat
C)natural gas
D)coal

Question 16

Why are fossil fuels considered nonrenewable,given they are produced by natural processes?

Question 17

Unconventional reserves of oil or natural gas _________________.

A)can usually be recovered with traditional methods
B)may be recoverable with alternative techniques
C)will not be recoverable at all
D)cannot be used if they are recovered
E)are too expensive to recover

Question 18

What is true of oil and natural gas?

A)They are often found together in formation.
B)They are usually found in different formations.
C)Oil is found on top of natural gas reserves.
D)Natural gas is not found in shale deposits.
E)Tight oil and shale gas are easier to access than conventional deposits.

Question 19

Which of the following resources is considered nonrenewable as an energy source?

A)natural gas
B)wood
C)peat
D)plant oil
E)dung

Question 20

At the current rate of usage,which of the following energy sources is expected to run out first?

A)wood
B)crude oil
C)coal
D)natural gas
E)wind

Question 21

Natural gas is similar to oil in that it _________________.

A)has a similar extraction method
B)contains impurities before it is refined
C)has a similar processing method
D)is found deep under the ground
E)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 22

When an oil well is first drilled,what is the primary recovery method?

A)natural pressure
B)pumpjack
C)water injection
D)steam injection
E)CO₂ injection

Question 23

How does the preliminary search for oil reserves cause environmental degradation?

A)Drilling to try to find oil may release oil from reserves that then affects ecosystems.
B)Searching for oil can often cause spills that negatively affect ecosystems.
C)When searching for oil,companies often have to clear-cut areas of forest.
D)Seismic waves sent into the ground by companies searching for reserves can disorient marine and other wildlife.

Question 24

What are the stages in the production of oil after a new well is drilled?

Question 25

The EROEI must be ____________ for any fuel to be worth harvesting.

A)positive
B)negative
C)positive or negative,it does not matter
D)fluctuating
E)EROEI is not associated with profitability.

Question 26

How much additional oil can be recovered during secondary production?

A)20% to 40%
B)15%
C)55%
D)75%
E)100%

Question 27

Petrochemicals create the raw materials used to produce which of the following?

A)pesticides
B)plastics
C)soaps
D)computers
E)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 28

What do you think would be the most effective measure humans could take to reduce the amount of environmental damage from oil and natural gas mining?

Question 29

Which production phase injects steam,natural gas,or CO₂ into the well to extract more oil?

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)pumpjack
E)fracking

Question 30

Why are environmentalists opposed to drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge?

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT true of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill?

A)The oil spill threatened the lives of many Gulf species.
B)The oil spill cost millions of dollars in lost fishing revenue.
C)The oil spill released close to 5 million barrels of oil into the Gulf.
D)The oil spill threatened the livelihoods of communities living along the Gulf of Mexico.
E)The oil spill was easily and quickly cleaned up.

Question 32

Natural gas is predominantly which greenhouse gas?

A)carbon dioxide
B)water vapor
C)ozone
D)methane
E)nitrous oxide

Question 33

Which of the following environmental costs is directly related to oil mining?

A)oil pollution
B)habitat loss
C)destruction due to explosions
D)global warming
E)All of these answers are costs of mining oil.

Question 34

What is the sequence used for extracting oil from petroleum reservoirs?

Question 35

Why is flaring off of natural gas preferable to its release into the atmosphere?

A)Since it is actually methane,natural gas is a potent greenhouse gas.
B)It can spontaneously combust.
C)It doesn't cost as much.
D)There is less loss of harvestable gas.
E)Flaring off rids the gas of its impurities.

Question 36

What is a hazard of burning fossil fuels?

A)the release of a variety of air pollutants
B)emission of a major anthropogenic contributor to climate change
C)higher rates of cancer and heart disease in workers in the petroleum industry
D)dangers related to shipping and other transport
E)These are all hazards to burning fossil fuels.

Question 37

What is the definition of "unconventional oil reserves"?

A)unrecoverable oil that is found in rock,sand,or clay,whose extraction is cheap and environmentally sound
B)recoverable oil that is found in rock,sand,or clay,whose extraction is cheap and environmentally sound
C)recoverable oil that is found in rock,sand,or clay,whose extraction is expensive and environmentally costly
D)unrecoverable oil that is found in rock below natural gas deposits
E)unrecoverable oil that is found deep below the ocean floor

Question 38

Natural gas is seen as a bridge fuel to transition from oil to more sustainable options,since it _________________.

A)has more impurities than oil
B)is less efficient to burn
C)has a lower carbon footprint
D)releases more CO₂ than coal
E)releases more toxic pollutants

Question 39

Which of the following is TRUE of conventional natural gas deposits?

A)They can be found in deposits that contain no oil.
B)The extraction of natural gas is much more complex than extracting oil.
C)Secondary and tertiary methods will not work for any natural gas wells.
D)Natural gas will not flow out of the wells freely and must be pumped out.
E)Natural gas deposits are found under oil deposits.

Question 40

Drilling could detrimentally affect which species in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge?

A)Arctic fox
B)polar bears
C)caribou
D)migratory birds
E)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 41

Which natural occurrence has been linked with fracking sites in the United States?

A)monsoons
B)tornados
C)forest fires
D)earthquakes
E)hurricanes

Question 42

What chemical contaminant has been found in local water supplies near fracking sites?

A)oxygen
B)methane
C)carbon dioxide
D)lead
E)oil

Question 43

How is fracking different from conventional oil wells?

A)It uses a quaternary production method.
B)It causes no environmental damage.
C)It uses fractures in the rock to release oil or natural gas.
D)It uses strip mining.
E)No chemicals are used in fracking.

Question 44

Which products from the following graphic can be made with tar sand reserves?

A)petroleum gas
B)gasoline
C)diesel oil
D)waxes
E)materials for roads

Question 45

What are the key environmental problems associated with the fracking methods for natural gas recovery?

Question 46

What effect will intensive extraction of oil sands and tar sands have on the surrounding area?

Question 47

Fracking is a method to extract ___________ from deep unconventional reserves.

A)coal
B)oil
C)natural gas
D)oil shale
E)both oil and natural gas

Question 48

What is an unintended result of the Bakken boom?

A)increase in air pollution
B)increased the crime rate
C)road destruction
D)increased water pollution
E)All of the answers are unintended results.

Question 49

Which method of fracking wastewater disposal has a negative impact on the environment?

A)storage in open pits
B)injection into deep wells
C)use as a roadway desalter
D)All of these answers have negative impacts on the environment.

Question 50

The largest concentrations of tar sands are found in ______________.

A)Canada
B)Russia
C)Saudi Arabia
D)the United States
E)Venezuela

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a reason why our energy supplies may become unreliable or unaffordable?

A)dwindling supplies
B)competition from other countries
C)dependence on energy exports
D)increasing demand
E)a cartel or monopoly that increases prices

Question 52

The United States has 700 billion barrels of tight oil in the Bakken,so why do people predict that we have only a 2-year supply of oil?

A)Oil demand is decreasing.
B)The oil in the Bakken is unusable.
C)Only a small fraction of the oil is recoverable.
D)We export the majority of the oil.
E)The type of oil in the Bakken can be used only for tar and roofing.

Question 53

How can a society increase its energy security?

A)develop alternative energy sources
B)increase energy efficiency
C)exploit local energy sources
D)reduce overall energy imports
E)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 54

Refer to Infographic 6.What is the correct order of the steps involved in fracking? I.Gas escapes through fractures and is collected.
II.Holes are blasted into rock,using explosive charges.
III.A well is drilled down into rock and then extended horizontally.
IV.A slurry of sand,water,and chemicals is pumped into fractures in the rock.

A)IV,II,III,I
B)III,IV,II,I
C)I,II,III,IV
D)III,II,IV,I
E)II,I,III,IV

Question 55

What does it mean if a country is "energy independent"?

A)A country can pay to have all of its energy imported from other countries without having to borrow money.
B)A country uses a hybrid plan of energy production and energy imports to provide a stable supply of electricity for its citizens.
C)A country has access to enough reliable and affordable energy resources to meet its needs.
D)A country can meet of all of its energy needs without importing any fuel.

Question 56

Which of the following statements about tar sands is NOT true?

A)They trap heavy,black oil called bitumen.
B)Tar sands mining is more efficient than harvesting conventional sources of oil.
C)Tar sands can be mined and processed to produce a substitute for petroleum.
D)Canada has the world's largest bitumen reservoir,but much of it is trapped in tar sands.

Question 57

How is oil extracted from Canadian tar sands?

A)fracking
B)conventional oil wells
C)subsurface mining
D)strip mining
E)mountaintop removal

Question 58

Which of the following is probably the MOST compelling reason to use unconventional sources of oil and natural gas in the United States?

A)There are a lot of them in North America.
B)They are easier to extract than conventional sources.
C)They are cleaner to burn than conventional sources.
D)Their extraction process is more environmentally friendly than conventional extraction.
E)They have a higher EROEI than conventional sources.

Question 59

Which area leads the world in fracking recovery of oil and natural gas?

A)United States
B)Canada
C)Middle East
D)South America
E)Europe

Question 60

Explain how oil is extracted from Canadian tar sands.

Question 61

Why is meeting our future needs considered a wicked problem?

A)We are running out of oil and will have to rely on other countries to provide it.
B)We need reliable energy,but our energy choices create problems.
C)We don't have the ability to use renewable energy sources.
D)There is no viable energy source available to replace fossil fuel use.

Question 62

Science Literacy Use the following graph to answer the next questions.
The region that has the largest difference in percent of oil reserves compared to natural gas reserves is _________________.

A)Central and South America
B)Europe
C)North America
D)Eurasia
E)Middle East

Question 63

How can you help decrease oil and natural gas use?

A)run errands at once and not over multiple trips
B)encourage public transportation or increased biking on your campus
C)reduce your use of energy and disposable plastics
D)All of these choices will help decrease oil and natural gas use.

Question 64

Science Literacy Use the following graph to answer the next questions.
The correct order of countries from HIGHEST to LOWEST percent of natural gas reserves is _________________.

A)North America ← Africa ← Asia and Oceana ← Eurasia
B)Africa ← North America ← Europe ← Central and South America
C)Middle East ← Eurasia ← Africa ← Central and South America
D)Asia and Oceana ← Africa ← Central and South America ← Eurasia
E)Middle East ← Central and South America ← Africa ← North America

Question 65

Science Literacy Use the following graph to answer the next questions.
The Middle East holds approximately _______ of the world's oil reserves.

A)1/4
B)1/3
C)1/2
D)2/3
E)3/4

Question 66

Which of the following is a reason for using our unconventional reserves if they were more difficult to obtain?

A)Conventional reserves must be transported long distances,and are subject to spills and environmental disasters.
B)It is too expensive to import oil from other countries where the conventional reserves are located.
C)Unconventional reserves can help us become energy independent and rely less on energy imports.
D)The technology of using renewable energy sources is unreliable and too expensive to produce energy on a scale for our needs.

Question 67

Explain why oil consumption in the United States is on the decline,but oil consumption is on the rise globally.

Question 68

What is energy security,and why is it an important issue for many countries?

Question 69

Science Literacy Use the following graph to answer the next questions.
How much more oil does North America produce than natural gas?

A)13%
B)6%
C)19%
D)7%

Question 70

Science Literacy Use the following graph to answer the next questions.
The region that produces equal amounts of oil and natural gas is _________________.

A)South America
B)Africa
C)Eurasia
D)Middle East

Question 71

Match each term in the left-hand column to the statement that it best exemplifies.