Deck 5: The Importance of Ethics

Question 1

People become fully human and attain worth by the multitude of decisions they make from day to day. These decisions require _____.

A) Understanding
B) Validation
C) Social support
D) Self-expression
E) Courage

Answer 1

E

Question 2

More than ______ years ago, the human race evolved into beings who could distinguish right from wrong.

A) 100,000
B) 80,000
C) 60,000
D) 40,000

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Ethics is the study of ______ and _____.

A) Religion; politics
B) Young children; mature adults
C) Cause; effect
D) Moral judgments; right and wrong conduct
E) None of these

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to philosopher/psychologist Rollo May, ______ is the foundation that underlies and gives reality to all other personal values.

A) Experience
B) Contribution
C) Courage
D) Commitment

Question 5

______ identified three levels of moral development. These are _____.

A) Dewey; pre-human, human, post-human
B) James; personal, interpersonal, transpersonal
C) Kohlberg; pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional
D) Piaget; pre-adolescent, adolescent, post-adolescent
E) Confucius; child-like, family-based, civilization-based

Question 6

Social psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of morality states that there are three distinct levels of moral _____.

A) Maturity
B) Aptitude
C) Fiber
D) Development

Question 7

Religious ethics are based on a(n) ______ understanding of the world.

A) Secular
B) Theistic
C) Scientific
D) Phenomenological
E) Empirical

Question 8

Level III, stage 6 morality was reflected by _____ when he drank the _____.

A) Socrates; hemlock
B) Hitler; water
C) Alexander; alcohol
D) Luther; poison
E) All of these

Question 9

MBO is important, but MBV, _____, is essential for leadership success.

A) More by verification
B) Management by values
C) Multiplying by volume
D) Measuring by observing
E) None of these

Question 10

Psychologist Jean Piaget states ______ (rules as sacred external laws laid down by authorities) is the unifying factor in adult societies.

A) Civics
B) Religion
C) Politics
D) Heteronomy
E) None of these

Question 11

Aristotle thought ethics should be based upon ______ and _____.

A) Education; application
B) Experience; pragmatism
C) Contemplation; sophistication
D) Truth; emotionality
E) Rationality; reason

Question 12

Ethics has both ______ and ______ roots.

A) Scientific; poetic
B) Religious; secular
C) Statutory; common
D) Male; female

Question 13

Through ______ and _____, the older community passes on ethics to young people.

A) Modeling; socialization
B) Command; control
C) Self study; self leadership
D) Rules; regulations
E) Preaching; teaching

Question 14

The quality of ______ is possessed by all truly great leaders.

A) Looking before leaping
B) Doing the right thing for the right reason
C) Following-up on decisions
D) Considering alternative courses of action
E) Never telling a lie

Question 15

______ percent of the adult population operates at stages 5 and 6 morality, based upon self-direction and high principles.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 40
E) 80

Question 16

Hermann Hesse's young Siddartha represented ______ moral reasoning after listening to the teachings of Buddha Gautama.

A) Level III, stage 6
B) Level II, stage 4
C) Level I, stage 1
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 17

In its highest form, character is based on a value system that is _________; such character requires _____.

A) Self-evident; insight
B) Known, cherished, stated, and lived habitually; courage
C) Society based; education
D) Individually developed; social support
E) Time-tested; leadership

Question 18

Ethics is derived from the ______ word ethos, referring to a person's inner character and fundamental orientation toward life.

A) Hebrew
B) Roman
C) Greek
D) English
E) French

Question 19

The effective leader holds ______ as a central value and foundation for all other values.

A) Power
B) Custom
C) Success
D) Truth
E) None of these

Question 20

Aristotle had a(n) ______ orientation toward ethics.

A) Secular
B) Mystical
C) Economic
D) None of these

Question 21

The stated values of IBM are:

A) Respect for the individual, giving the best customer service possible, performing every job with excellence
B) Shareholder's first, customers second, employees third
C) Cutting edge research, technical excellence, market dominance
D) Never do harm, the Golden Rule, survival of the fittest
E) None of these

Question 22

Guidelines for work ethics identified by Rotary International include all but one of the following questions:

A) Is it the truth?
B) Is it fair to all concerned?
C) Will it build goodwill?
D) Will it be beneficial to all concerned?
E) Is it legal?

Question 23

The ethics of Bertrand Russell were based upon:

A) Longing for love, search for knowledge, pity for suffering
B) Need for life, need for love, need for power
C) Understanding self, supporting family, serving society
D) Knowledge of our past, awareness of the moment, creation of the future
E) Lost will, lost love, lost life

Question 24

In dealing with moral dilemmas, organizations typically reflect one of three ethical climates:

A) Strong central leaders; democratic leadership; no leaders
B) Self-centered; other-centered; no-centered
C) Law of the jungle; agrarian society; free market economy
D) Profit-maximizing; trusteeship; quality of life management
E) None of these

Question 25

The following are six values of caring leaders in every field and level of responsibility:

A) Excellence, excitement, support, efficiency, effectiveness, ease
B) Determination, diligence, dogma, deliberation, dependability, delegation
C) Honesty, consideration, responsibility, persistence, excellence, commitment
D) Power, position, perseverance, perception, patience, people
E) None of these

Question 26

______ once said, "Nonviolence is the first article of my faith."

A) Malcolm X
B) Muhammad Ali
C) Saddam Hussein
D) Mohandas Gandhi

Question 27

After biology, the three primary determinants of character formation are:

A) Government, schools, churches
B) Business, industry, government
C) Parents, print-media, music
D) Experience, age, education
E) Associations (family and friends), books (and other media), self-concept

Question 28

English philosopher John Locke viewed the newborn child as a tabula rasa, or a(n) _____.

A) Blank tablet
B) Song of joy
C) Finished state
D) Empty vessel

Question 29

Charles Darwin thought the most important distinction between man and the lower animals was:

A) Finger-thumb position
B) Moral sense of conscience
C) Size of skull
D) Group and tribal life
E) Urge for domination

Question 30

The individual who exhibits full-swing values:

A) Knows his or her values
B) Cherishes his or her values
C) Declares his or her values
D) Acts upon his or her values
E) Acts habitually upon his or her values

Question 31

The ______ person is interested in power and influence.

A) Political
B) Aesthetic
C) Economic
D) Religious

Question 32

______ morality is seen in the life and teaching of Gandhi.

A) Level I, Stage 1
B) Level II, Stage 4
C) Level III, Stage 6
D) None of these

Question 33

Regarding moral behavior, Thomas Jefferson wrote:

A) You must stand for something or you will fall for anything
B) The measure of a man is what he will do when no one is looking
C) In matters of style, swim with the currents; in matters of principle, stand like a rock
D) The leader is flexible except in character formation
E) The question is not how many values one has, but how deeply they are held

Question 34

A comprehensive code of ethics for an organization includes guidelines in:

A) Government relations
B) Employee relations
C) Business relations
D) Consumer relations
E) All of these

Question 35

Because of the leader's ability to influence moral behavior, the leader should ask:

A) Who agrees with me? Who does not?
B) What values do I wish to promote? Are my actions supporting my values?
C) Do I have personal strength to achieve my goals? Who can help?
D) Are my values helping me accomplish my goals? What values should I change?
E) None of these

Question 36

______ of General Electric sees management values as a primary source of corporate identity.

A) William James
B) Leon Wieseltier
C) Maury Smith
D) Jack Welch

Question 37

Full-swing values refer to:

A) The strength of our values
B) The actual values a person has
C) The flexibility of ethics as a human concern
D) The relationship between ethics and sport
E) The ethical shift from individual to group

Question 38

To improve and maintain investor confidence, the U.S. Congress passed the _______ in response to corporate scandals.

A) Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002
B) Kennedy-Feingold Act in 2004
C) Luger-Obama Act in 2008
D) None of these

Question 39

The primary interest of the ______ person is the discovery of truth.

A) Economic
B) Aesthetic
C) Theoretical
D) Political

Question 40

In 1727 ______ formed the _____, forerunner of modern day civic clubs. His own values included _____, _____, _____.

A) Thomas Jefferson; Masons; life; liberty; freedom
B) Alexander Hamilton; Shriners; order; industry; resoluteness
C) John Adams; Rotary; service; trust; fidelity
D) Benjamin Franklin; Junto; justice; moderation; humility
E) George Washington; Grange; truth; honor; country

Question 41

The following theorists and central concepts of good are related except:

A) Power; Machiavelli
B) Integrity; Nietzsche
C) Simplicity; Thoreau
D) Will of God; Muhammad
E) Pleasure; Plato
F) Utility; Mill
G) Duty; Kant

Question 42

The official boy scout laws include all but one of the following:

A) Bravery
B) Kindness
C) Loyalty
D) Practicality
E) Trust worthiness

Question 43

The Greek word for ethics, ethos, originally stood for:

A) Physical beauty
B) Social justice
C) Inner character
D) Religious faith

Question 44

Pragmatism as a philosophical belief originated in _______, and taught _______.

A) France; that which is beautiful is good
B) England; that which is just is good
C) America; that which works is good
D) Greece; that which is true is good

Question 45

Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, emphasized level ______ and stage ______ moral reasoning.

A) I; 2
B) II; 4
C) III; 6
D) I; 1
E) II; 3

Question 46

Each of the following statements is an ethical judgment, except:

A) It is wrong to steal
B) Democracy is a good system of government
C) The discovery of truth should be the scientist's goal
D) Man is an animal

Question 47

In the American workplace, the following values are mentioned most often: honesty, respect, service, excellence and:

A) Friendliness
B) Integrity
C) Patience
D) Humility

Question 48

An organization can tell if it needs to clarify or reinforce its values if:

A) Top leaders send mixed messages about what is important.
B) Different individuals and subgroups have fundamentally different value systems.
C) The organization has values, but people do not practice them.
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 49

"Ways of being" featured in Starbuck's Green Apron Book include all but one of the following:

A) Be welcoming
B) Be genuine
C) Be knowledgeable
D) Be considerate
E) Be punctual

Question 50

All three _____, _____, _______ are measuring ingredients of virtuous, Level III, stage 6 moral leadership.

A) Motives; means; consequences
B) Facts; figures; results
C) Knowledge; values; actions
D) None of these

Question 51

According to Leon Wieseltier, Americans are:

A) Choking on identities
B) Lacking meaning
C) Well defined in core values
D) Committed to a unified value system

Question 52

For _____, leadership involves the use of authority to help followers uphold important values; for _____, leadership emphasizes the moral development of followers; for _____, the focus of leadership should be on service to others.

A) Ronald Heifetz; Robert Greenleaf; James MacGregor Burns
B) Robert Greenleaf; Ronald Heifetz; James MacGregor Burns
C) James MacGregor Burns; Robert Greenleaf; Ronald Heifetz
D) Ronald Heifetz; James MacGregor Burns; Robert Greenleaf

Question 53

Lynn Sharp Paine argues that _______ is a better belief than _______ because it recognizes the intrinsic worth of other values than economic gain.

A) Might makes right; do unto others as you would have them do unto you
B) Ethics counts; ethics pays
C) Leadership is an acquired ability; leadership is an inherited ability
D) None of these

Question 54

In dealing with moral dilemmas involving people, products, prices, and profits, organizations typically reflect one of these three ethical orientations:

A) Democracy, quality of life management, labor relations
B) Quality of life management, profit maximizing, trusteeship
C) Democracy, management accountability, quality of life management
D) Quality of life management, communism, shared profits

Question 55

Plato believed that the best and brightest members of a society should be in power and they should use their talents to serve their fellow men. He called these individuals:

A) Warrior leaders
B) Learned teachers
C) Caring heroes
D) Philosopher kings

Question 56

Stanley Milgram's social research showed:

A) Hitler could only happen in German
B) Women are innately kind
C) Electric voltage must be regulated in laboratory experiments
D) Ordinary people can be induced to perform inhumane acts

Question 57

The official girl scout laws include all but one of the following:

A) Respect
B) Courage
C) Honesty
D) Cheerfulness
E) Helpfulness

Question 58

Ethical climate refers to _______; three kinds of ethical climates are ______, ______, and ________.

A) The degree of penalty imposed for transgressions; minimum; moderate; maximum
B) Moral standards that have been upheld; especially by leaders; profit-maximizing; trusteeship; quality-of-life management
C) Religious and spiritual beliefs supported by customs; eastern; western; all-world
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 59

St. Augustine taught an ethical view that was essentially:

A) Religious
B) Nonreligious
C) Political
D) None of these

Question 60

The Patagonia company philosophy can be summarized as:

A) Market share equals company success
B) Earth first, profit second
C) No margin, no mission
D) Grow or die

Question 61

Leaders who treat people as merely a means to achieve the leader's goals are following the philosophies of Immanuel Kent and John Gardner.

Question 62

Ethical problems in the workplace include issues of quality, safety, property and human relationships.

Question 63

Match the items below with their descriptions:

Question 64

With power to set policy and make decisions, the leader can create a place that attracts and rewards the best in both ethical conduct and business performance.

Question 65

The best course to follow in moral dilemmas is to let your conscience guide your actions based on the dictum, never do harm to sentient beings.

Question 66

The overall value of the caring leader is to serve others guided by the Golden Rule.

Question 67

Starbucks has been guided by six principles for forty years, including all but one of the following:

A) Global growth
B) Respect for partners
C) Embracing diversity
D) Satisfying customers
E) High standards of operation

Question 68

Plato's message in The Republic is that people need the values of a just society and the oversight of wise leaders; otherwise they may engage in selfish and destructive behavior.

Question 69

The central solution for maintaining an ethical work climate is for leaders at all levels of responsibility to be selected and rewarded for both personal integrity and business performance.

Question 70

Research on Learned obedience shows men and women are equally influenced by authority figures.

Question 71

St. Augustine believed that people by nature were inclined to do selfish and destructive acts, and that these negative tendencies could only be overcome by the divine grace of God.

Question 72

When chasing between two 'rights' or 'goods', such as honesty versus loyalty or justice versus mercy, Rushworth Kidder identifies three mind sets:

A) Good, evil, indifferent
B) Logical, emotional, action-oriented
C) Individual, group, society
D) Past, present, future
E) Ends-based thinking, rule-based thinking, care-based thinking

Question 73

The costs of ethical misconduct include:
1) loss of customers;
2) employee turnover;
3) loss of equity;
4) increased operating costs;
5) demoralized employees;
6) legal expenses;
7) higher funding costs; and
8) loss of public trust.