Deck 11: Job Discrimination

Question 1

As they try and fit into a work world dominated by white men, women and minorities can be disadvantaged by

A) false preconceptions.
B) stereotypes.
C) prejudiced attitudes.
D) all of these can be a disadvantage.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

When investigators sent equally qualified young white and black men-all of them articulate and conventionally dressed-to apply for entry-level jobs in Chicago and Washington, D.C., the results clearly showed

A) sexual discrimination against young African-American men.
B) racial discrimination against young African-American men.
C) sexual discrimination against young white men.
D) racial discrimination against young white men.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Male managers frequently assume that women

A) will not place family demands above work considerations.
B) possess the necessary drive to succeed in business.
C) take negative feedback professionally rather than personally.
D) are too emotional to be good managers.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What quality is more important in predicting who gets fired than job-performance ratings or even prior disciplinary history?

A) race
B) sexual orientation
C) age
D) gender

Question 5

The 1984 Supreme Court decision in Memphis Firefighters v. Stotts

A) treated sexual harassment as a form of discrimination.
B) upheld seniority over affirmative action.
C) upheld the legality of hiring quotas.
D) upheld the legality of mandatory drug testing.

Question 6

To answer the question of who determines what is objectionable or offensive in sexual harassment, the courts use what kind of hypothetical person?

A) reasonable person
B) sensual person
C) hysterical person
D) management person

Question 7

There are two types of sexual harassment,

A) male to female, female to male.
B) male to male, female to female.
C) boss to worker, worker to boss.
D) "quid pro quo'' and "hostile work environment.''

Question 8

Advocates of "comparable worth"

A) simply want equal pay for the same job.
B) base their doctrine on the free-market determination of wages.
C) believe it is necessary for getting rid of sexual harassment.
D) women and men should be paid on the same scale for doing equivalent jobs and different jobs involving equivalent skill, effort, and responsibility.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is accurate?

A) men cannot be victims of sexual harassment
B) the Supreme Court has established a hard and fast line between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans
C) the law treats sexual harassment as a form of sexual discrimination
D) differences in levels and types of education explain why, on the average, men earn more than women

Question 10

Many Americans oppose what issue because they fear it will mean in practice, illegal quotas, preferential treatment of African Americans and women, and even reverse discrimination against white men?

A) affirmative action
B) sexual diversity
C) sexual harassment
D) age discrimination

Question 11

In 1987, the Supreme Court affirmed, in the case of Johnson v. Transportation Agency, that

A) affirmative action is unconstitutional.
B) quotas based on considerations of race are unconstitutional.
C) considerations of sex are permissible as one factor in deciding whom to promote.
D) racially segregated schooling is unconstitutional.

Question 12

Which of the following is the most plausible argument FOR affirmative action?

A) it evens the score with young white men, who have had it good for too long
B) it is necessary to break the cycle that keeps minorities and women locked into low-paying, low-prestige jobs
C) it ignores the principle of equality
D) it is a color-blind policy

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of sexual harassment?

A) a female employer suggesting sexual offers to a male employee
B) a female employee hugging a co-worker when he announces his engagement
C) a manager enforcing a dress code for a work environment
D) an employee pinning up comic strips in an office cubicle

Question 14

Today most large corporations not only accept the necessity of affirmative action but also find that _____ benefits when they make themselves more diverse?

A) the morale of the company
B) the bottom line
C) the law department
D) the managers

Question 15

What do affirmative action programs involve?

A) Firms should prepare an oral equal-employment policy and an affirmative action commitment.
B) Firms should appoint an administrative assistant to direct and implement their program and to publicize their policy and affirmative action commitment.
C) Firms are expected to survey current female and minority employment by department and job classification.
D) Whenever underrepresentation of females or minorities is evident, firms are to try a little harder.

Question 16

Over the last two decades, how many sexual-harassment claims have emerged?

A) over 12, 000
B) over 15, 000
C) over 25, 000
D) over 50,000

Question 17

Which of the following is the most plausible argument AGAINST affirmative action?

A) Compensatory justice forbids affirmative action.
B) Blacks and whites are already equal in socioeconomic terms.
C) Affirmative action violates the principle of equality.
D) Affirmative action is the same thing as fixed numerical quotas.

Question 18

Which of the following is true based on documented evidence of discrimination?

A) African Americans have the third highest standard of living in the world
B) today, men are just as likely as women to be in so-called "pink collar" occupations
C) there is little statistical evidence of job discrimination today
D) relatively few women and minorities have made it to the very top of their professions

Question 19

Sexual comments that one woman appreciates might distress another women. The courts decide when such behavior is inappropriate by seeing if the behavior would be offensive to

A) the person to whom the comments are directed
B) the person accused of harassment
C) the hypothetical "reasonable person"
D) the common law as modified by legislation

Question 20

Which of these statements is true concerning court cases about discrimination?

A) Brown v. Board of Education upheld the principle of "separate but equal"
B) the Bakke case outlawed affirmative action across the board
C) in the 2004 Holtz case, the Supreme Court ruled that "race-conscious" admissions policies are unconstitutional
D) in the University of Michigan cases (Gratz and Grutter), the Supreme Court upheld moderate, flexible affirmative action programs

Question 21

Companies clearly have what kind of obligation to provide a work environment in which employees are free from sexual harassment?

A) legal
B) moral
C) environmental
D) personal

Question 22

To discriminate in employment is to make an adverse decision against an employee or job applicant based solely on his or her membership in a certain class.

Question 23

Catherine A. MacKinnon describes sexual harassment as sexual attention imposed on someone who is not in a position to refuse it.

Question 24

One message that sexual harassment conveys is that managers view women as

A) assets.
B) equals.
C) high potentials.
D) playthings.

Question 25

What should a female employee do if she encounters sexual harassment?

A) She must decide if she likes the attention.
B) She should try to document it by keeping a record of what has occurred, who was involved, and when it happened.
C) Keep it to herself and never tell a soul.
D) Go on a talk show and tell her story.

Question 26

Kantians would support repudiate job discrimination as necessary to respect people as ends in themselves.

Question 27

Opponents of comparable worth insist which one of these ideas support their position?

A) Most women want a rigid schedule.
B) Most women want the most challenging job.
C) Most women have chosen the higher paying occupations.
D) Most women have freely chosen the lower paying occupations.

Question 28

Affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment are connected to

A) job performance.
B) job discrimination.
C) job analysis.
D) job description.

Question 29

The terms "affirmative action" and "reverse discrimination" are synonymous.

Question 30

"Affirmative action" means programs taking the race or sex of employees or job candidates into account as part of an effort to correct imbalances in employment that exist as a result of past discrimination, either in the company itself or in the larger society.

Question 31

The Supreme Court, in its 1978 ruling in the case of Bakke v. Regents of the University of California, upheld the University's right to reserve entrance places in its medical school for minorities.

Question 32

Experts distinguish two types of sexual harassment. "Hostile work environment" is one of them.

Question 33

The Supreme Court has ruled that sexual favoritism is a form of sexual harassment and is therefore illegal.

Question 34

Men cannot be the victims of sexual harassment.

Question 35

An isolated or occasional remark or innuendo inevitably constitutes sexual harassment.

Question 36

The only true form of job discrimination is intentional and individual.

Question 37

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.

Question 38

The issue of comparable worth pits against each other two cherished American values: the ethic of nondiscrimination verses the free enterprise system.

Question 39

The courts view sexual harassment as a kind of sexual discrimination.

Question 40

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 allowed sexual and racial discrimination at work until overturned by the Supreme Court.

Question 41

Diversity in the workplace can be viewed as a competitive advantage.

Question 42

What are the general guidelines the EEOC lists as steps to affirmative action?

Question 43

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to all employers, both public and?private, with twenty five or more employees.

Question 44

Executive Order 10925, which decreed that federal contractors should "make?rigid quotas to ensure that applicants are employed without regard to?their race, creed, color, or national origin.''

Question 45

Anti-discrimination laws do not address the present-day effects of past discrimination.

Question 46

Explain the importance of the 1978 case, Bakke v. Regents of the University of California.

Question 47

Women entering male turf, or minority workers of either sex going into a?predominantly white work environment, can find themselves uncomfortably?being measured by a white male value system.

Question 48

What does Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act say?

Question 49

The 1995 case Adarand Constructors v. Pena shows that, after years of disagreement, the Supreme Court is now unanimous on the issue of affirmative action.

Question 50

What is some of the attitudinal evidence of job discrimination?

Question 51

Job discrimination occurs under three conditions. What are they?

Question 52

What is the Supreme Court's current view of affirmative action (as evidenced by the Michigan cases Gratz and Grutter)?

Question 53

A survey shows that three out of four Hispanics believe that African Americans and whites?are more likely than Hispanics to prefer living on welfare.

Question 54

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (later amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972) prohibits all forms of discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.

Question 55

What is some of the statistical evidence of job discrimination?

Question 56

Affirmative action is synonymous for reverse discrimination.

Question 57

What did the Supreme Court decide in 1954 in the case of Brown v. Board of Education?

Question 58

What are the different forms that job discrimination can take?

Question 59

Statistics by themselves do not prove discrimination.

Question 60

Affirmative action should be distinguished from reverse discrimination. What is the difference?

Question 61

What is the doctrine of comparable worth? On what grounds do opponents of comparable worth criticize it?

Question 62

Explain in your own words the pros and cons of this argument against affirmative action - "Affirmative action injures white men and violates their rights."

Question 63

What steps should a male or female employee take when encountering sexual harassment?

Question 64

Could sexual harassment laws lead to women being further stereotyped as, for example, weak?

Question 65

Describe how and why sexual harassment is a determent to the workplace.

Question 66

Explain specific steps to protect your workplace from the liability of sexual harassment by supervisors.

Question 67

Is it unrealistic to imagine that there will be no sexual interaction between men and women in the workplace? Produce the reasonings on both sides of the argument.

Question 68

Should the sexual orientation of gays and lesbians be protected against discrimination?

Question 69

What are the two types of sexual harassment? When is behavior objectionable or offensive enough to constitute harassment?