Deck 17: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

When an atom emits a beta particle,its atomic number increases by one because it now has one additional proton.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The alpha particle (α)is:
.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A gamma ray is a high energy photon.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Madam Curie discovered two new elements.

Question 5

All unstable elements have the same rates of radioactive decay.

Question 6

Radioactive particles can pass through matter.

Question 7

A nuclear reaction typically changes the identity of the element involved.

Question 8

During beta decay,neutrons are converted to protons and electrons.

Question 9

When an atom emits an alpha particle,it becomes a different element.

Question 10

Nuclear equations do not need to be balanced since a new element forms.

Question 11

Antoine-Henri Becquerel discovered X-rays.

Question 12

A gamma ray has no charge and no mass.

Question 13

All elements with atomic numbers above bismuth are naturally radioactive.

Question 14

The symbol for a positron is
.

Question 15

contains 11 protons and 9 neutrons.

Question 16

Radioactivity is the emission of tiny,invisible radio signals by the nuclei of certain atoms.

Question 17

A positron particle comes from the decay of a proton into a neutron and a positron.

Question 18

In a Geiger-Muller counter,radioactive particles pass through NaI which emits UV-Vis light.

Question 19

A beta particle can also be called an electron.

Question 20

Alpha particles have lower penetrating power than the other types of radioactive emissions..

Question 21

The effort to build an atomic bomb during WWII was prompted by a fear that Germany was already working on nuclear weapons.

Question 22

A nuclide with a shorter half-life would be considered more active than a nuclide with a longer half-life.

Question 23

The hydrogen isotope known as tritium contains three neutrons.

Question 24

Nuclear fission reactions produce ten times more energy per gram than fusion reactions.

Question 25

A patient having radiotherapy uses radioactivity to kill infected cells while trying to minimize the effect on the healthy cells.

Question 26

One method of nuclear medicine uses radioactive isotopes to scan specific regions of the body.

Question 27

Nuclear power plants produce energy by fission reactions.

Question 28

Radioactive elements are used for:

A)medical diagnosis.
B)medical treatment.
C)determining age of fossils and rocks.
D)generating electricity.
E)all of the above

Question 29

Exposure to nuclear radioactivity can produce genetic defects in offspring.

Question 30

Who discovered radioactivity?

A)Antoine Becquerel
B)Pierre Curie
C)Marie Curie
D)Ernest Rutherford
E)Benjamin Franklin

Question 31

The energy of the sun comes from fusion reactions.

Question 32

One danger of a nuclear power plant is that a chain reaction could produce a bomb.

Question 33

During the first half-life you lose half of the radioactive material,during the second half life you lose the remaining half.

Question 34

Uranium-235 is capable of undergoing a fission chain reaction.

Question 35

Radioactive elements become stable isotopes after emitting one of the radioactive particles

Question 36

Nuclides that decay slowly have long half-lives.

Question 37

Carbon-14 dating is based on the fact that C-14 is continuously being made in the upper atmosphere.

Question 38

C-14 dating has been verified using old iron ore samples of known age.

Question 39

The combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier one is known as nuclear fission.

Question 40

A fusion reaction emits large amounts of energy while a fission reaction absorbs large amounts of energy.

Question 41

What happens to the mass number of a nucleus that emits an alpha particle?

A)It remains the same.
B)It decreases by two.
C)It decreases by four.
D)It increases by two.
E)It increases by four.

Question 42

What is the main product when
Undergoes beta decay?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of the above

Question 43

Which of the following isotopes contains the most number of neutrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 44

Which of the following nuclides will undergo beta decay to produce
?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of the above

Question 45

What is the main product when
Undergoes beta decay?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of the above

Question 46

Which of the following statements about beta particles is FALSE?

A)The symbol is:
.
B)Beta particles are created when neutrons become protons and electrons.
C)They have intermediate ionizing power.
D)They have intermediate penetrating power.
E)They are a safe form of radioactivity.

Question 47

In a nuclear equation

A)the daughter nuclide appears on the right-side of the arrow.
B)the sum of the atomic numbers on both sides must be equal.
C)the sum of the mass numbers on both sides must be equal.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 48

Which of the following types of radiation has the highest penetrating power?

A)alpha particles
B)beta particles
C)gamma rays
D)positrons
E)none of the above

Question 49

During the career of Marie Curie,she:

A)won a Nobel prize in chemistry.
B)won a Nobel prize in physics.
C)discovered the element polonium.
D)discovered the element radium.
E)all of the above

Question 50

How was radioactivity discovered?

A)Rutherford was investigating the structure of Au atoms and discovered alpha particles.
B)Marie Curie was investigating the existence of uranic rays that occurred in some minerals.
C)Becquerel was studying X-rays and phosphorescence to see if they were related.
D)Benjamin Franklin was studying the creation of electrical current from the ionization of gases due to radioactive particles.
E)none of the above

Question 51

Which type of emission has a negative charge?

A)alpha
B)beta
C)positron
D)gamma
E)none of the above

Question 52

How many protons and neutrons are in
?

A)92 p and 235 n
B)92 n and 235 p
C)92 n and 143 p
D)92 p and 143 n
E)none of the above

Question 53

Which statement about alpha particles is FALSE?

A)symbol is:
B)has high ionization power
C)has low penetrating power
D)are a harmless form of radiation
E)All of the above are true.

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a type of radioactive emission?

A)alpha rays
B)beta rays
C)gamma rays
D)positrons
E)All of the above are types of radioactive emissions.

Question 55

How many protons and neutrons are in
?

A)16 p and 34 n
B)16 n and 34 p
C)16 n and 18 p
D)16 p and 18 n
E)none of the above

Question 56

What happens to the atomic number of a nucleus that emits a beta particle?.

A)It remains the same.
B)It increases by one.
C)It decreases by one.
D)It increases by two.
E)It decreases by two.

Question 57

What is the main product when
Undergoes alpha decay?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of the above

Question 58

How many protons and neutrons are in
?

A)50 p and 169 n
B)50 n and 69 p
C)50 n and 119 p
D)50 p and 69 n
E)none of the above

Question 59

What is the main product when
Undergoes alpha decay?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)none of the above

Question 60

If the
Isotope emits an alpha particle,what would be the atomic number of the
Resulting atom?

A)90
B)88
C)92
D)228
E)236

Question 61

What is the missing particle?

A)positron
B)beta particle
C)alpha particle
D)gamma particle
E)none of the above

Question 62

Tritium (
)is an isotope of hydrogen that is sometimes used to make the hands of watches glow in the dark.The half-life of tritium is 12.3 years.After 49 years,approximately how much of the original tritium remains?

A)50%
B)25%
C)12.5%
D)6.25%
E)3.12%

Question 63

Radon-219 decays to radon-218 by releasing

A)
.
B)gamma rays.
C)
.
D)
.
E)none of the above

Question 64

The emitted particle with the mass of an electron but carrying a 1+ charge is named the

A)proton.
B)proelectron.
C)positron.
D)plusion.
E)none of the above

Question 65

The rate of spontaneous nuclear decay:

A)can be increased by increasing the temperature.
B)can be increased by increasing the concentration of the radioactive element.
C)is independent of concentration or temperature.
D)can be increased by addition of a nuclear catalyst.
E)all of the above

Question 66

Which type of particle can be emitted by an unstable nucleus?

A)
B)
C)
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 67

Which statement about positron emission is FALSE?

A)occurs when a proton is converted into a neutron and a positron
B)symbol is:
C)occurs with alpha and beta decay
D)alternative symbol is β⁺
E)All of the above are true.

Question 68

What is the missing particle?

A)positron
B)beta particle
C)alpha particle
D)gamma particle
E)none of the above

Question 69

Atomic nuclei whose atomic number is greater than which element are considered to be radioactive?

A)Uranium
B)Radium
C)Barium
D)Bismuth
E)Lead

Question 70

What happens to the mass number of a nucleus that emits a positron?

A)It remains the same.
B)It increases by one.
C)It decreases by one.
D)It increases by two.
E)It decreases by two.

Question 71

What happens to the atomic number of nucleus that emits a positron?

A)It remains the same.
B)It increases by one.
C)It decreases by one.
D)It increases by two.
E)It decreases by two.

Question 72

Which of the following statements regarding radiation are FALSE?

A)Radioactivity is a natural part of our environment.
B)All elements heavier than bismuth are radioactive.
C)All radioactive elements are spontaneously decaying towards formation of a stable element.
D)The time for half of the original sample to spontaneously decay is called the half-life (t_1/2).
E)All of the above are true.

Question 73

What is the missing particle?

A)positron
B)beta particle
C)alpha particle
D)gamma particle
E)none of the above

Question 74

How does the emission of a gamma particle effect the radioactive atom?

A)The atom has a lower amount of energy.
B)The atomic number decreases.
C)The atomic mass increases.
D)The atom gains energy for further radioactive particle emission.
E)All of the above are true.

Question 75

A scintillation counter detects radioactivity by:

A)developing film which is exposed by radioactive particles.
B)emission of light from a NaI crystal when radioactivity passes through the crystal.
C)ionization of argon gas in a chamber which produces an electrical signal.
D)analyzing the mass and velocity of each particle.
E)none of the above

Question 76

A Geiger-Muller counter detects radioactivity by:

A)developing film which is exposed by radioactive particles.
B)emission of light from a NaI crystal when radioactivity passes through the crystal.
C)ionization of argon gas in a chamber which produces an electrical signal.
D)analyzing the mass and velocity of each particle.
E)none of the above

Question 77

Which statement about gamma radiation is FALSE?

A)The symbol is:
.
B)They have low ionization energy.
C)They have high penetrating power.
D)They are high energy photons.
E)All of the above are true.

Question 78

Iodine-131 has a half-life of 8 days.How much of a 1000 milligram sample of iodine-131 would be left after 32 days?

A)500 milligram
B)250 milligram
C)125 milligram
D)62.5 milligram
E)31.25 milligram

Question 79

What type of radioactive decay produces a daughter nuclide that is the same element as the parent nuclide?

A)alpha
B)beta
C)gamma
D)positron
E)none of the above

Question 80

If the half-life of a radioactive isotope is 32 days,how many half-lives must pass before a 3.0 gram sample is less than 0.03 g?

A)2
B)5
C)7
D)9
E)More information is needed.