Deck 3: Culture

Question 1

Hoarding is a form of compulsive disorder common in all societies throughout history.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Postmodernism has many parents, teachers, politicians, religious leaders, and some university professors worried about the future.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Until the 1960s, many sociologists argued that culture was a "reflection" of society.However, what do many sociologists contend today about people's agency?

A)People accept culture as it is given to them.
B)People shape culture but typically only when they care about an issue.
C)People do not just accept culture passively.
D)Culture is nothing more than people's values.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to the textbook, what was the biggest and most successful historical project in the twentieth century?

A)the idea of inevitability of progress
B)communism
C)German Nazism
D)consumerism

Question 5

Burping in pubic is likely to elicit a serious reaction because it is breaking a cultural more.

Question 6

Countercultures favour dominant values.

Question 7

Multiculturalists claim that national unity is important for reducing racial and ethnic inequality in Canada.

Question 8

The postmodern condition makes consensus building in the democratic process increasingly difficult.

Question 9

Although people all over the world are influenced by globalization, they are likely to remain ignorant of the fact.

Question 10

The regulation of our lives by the clock came into use approximately 700 years ago.

Question 11

Cooperation is necessary for creation of culture.

Question 12

High culture belongs to all classes.

Question 13

Language influences people's experiences and the ways they see the world.

Question 14

Americans are now more deferential to traditional institutions than Canadians are.

Question 15

Men are more likely than women to have same-sex relations.

Question 16

Theft is one of the widest spread taboos.

Question 17

Culture both liberates and constrains people.

Question 18

Cars are a part of material culture.

Question 19

Functionalists concentrate on the potential of culture for freedom.

Question 20

Today people refuse to allow themselves to associate their status and identity with commercial products.

Question 21

What are rationalization and consumerism examples of?

A)culture as freedom
B)culture as constraint
C)culture as privilege
D)culture as lifestyle

Question 22

What is the purpose of culture?

A)to generate symbols
B)to define meaning of symbols
C)to solve real-life problems
D)to develop cultural capital

Question 23

If a group of teenagers has distinctive dress, beliefs, ideas, and language that separate them from others in a society, which of the following do they belong to?

A)a rationalization group
B)a subculture
C)a counterculture
D)a mini-culture

Question 24

Which of the following is a public acknowledgment of a changing social status?

A)a rite of passage
B)an institutional practice
C)a production
D)a global phenomenon

Question 25

Participating in a common culture requires understanding the shared meaning of which of the following?

A)experience
B)symbols
C)relationships
D)history

Question 26

How does culture relate to concrete experience?

A)It gives it sequence.
B)It gives it meaning.
C)It gives it substance.
D)It gives it appeal.

Question 27

What process is the implementation of the work clock an example of?

A)progress
B)rationalization
C)consumerism
D)McDonaldization

Question 28

Which of the following refers to the era during which the overwhelming majority of people of Western culture believed in the inevitability of progress, respected authority, and formed a consensus around core values?

A)traditionalism
B)posttraditionalism
C)modernity
D)postmodernity

Question 29

More and more people are taking part in global resistance movements, engaging in protests against global capitalism and corporate greed.What is this global engagement indicative of?

A)tribalism
B)urbanism
C)postmodernism
D)modernism

Question 30

Which of the following is a criticism of multiculturalism discussed in the textbook?

A)Multicultural education harms minority students by overlooking core subjects.
B)Multiculturalism discourages the equal valuation of different cultures.
C)Multicultural education controls interethnic and interracial conflict poorly.
D)Multiculturalism discourages pluralism.

Question 31

Human capacity for cooperation is to norms as the capacity for production is to which of the following?

A)cultural organization
B)social capital
C)social organization
D)cultural capital

Question 32

According to the textbook, why is culture important?

A)Culture is impossible without human experience.
B)Culture can detract from human experience.
C)Human life is impossible without culture.
D)Culture can supplement human experience.

Question 33

Which of the following refers to the chemical units that carry traits from parents to children?

A)hydrocarbons
B)genocarbons
C)genes
D)pheromones

Question 34

When First Nations groups in Canada began to assert their rights to cultural sovereignty and establish land claims, what process were they engaging in?

A)cultural solidarity
B)rights revolution
C)cultural production
D)multiculturalism

Question 35

In Max Weber's sense of the term, what is rationalization?

A)a justification for a deviant act
B)a justification for a perceived act of deviance
C)use of the most efficient means to achieve given goals
D)use of the least expensive and most effective means to get a job done

Question 36

In which of the following countries did the questioning of authority after the 1960s spread more quickly and more thoroughly than in the United States?

A)China
B)Italy
C)Great Britain
D)Canada

Question 37

What discipline makes the claim that genes account not just for physical characteristics but also for specific behaviours and social practices?

A)behavioural archaeology
B)evolutionary psychology
C)physical anthropology
D)social biology

Question 38

According to the Sapir-Whorf thesis, which of the following cultural elements is the most important for the way we see the world?

A)production
B)cooperation
C)language
D)conceptual thinking

Question 39

A child looks at a writing instrument that has a sharp tip, a graphite core, and an eraser on the end.She calls it a "pencil." What process has occurred?

A)operationalization
B)instrumentation
C)abstraction
D)non-material production

Question 40

The culture of our times has been through much fragmentation and reconfiguration.What is this situation characteristic of?

A)primitivism
B)tribalism
C)institutionalization
D)postmodernism

Question 41

Which of the following processes produces symbols?

A)generation
B)abstraction
C)collection
D)communication

Question 42

According to the textbook, which of the following cultural elements is fundamental to people's understanding of reality?

A)beliefs
B)values
C)norms
D)material culture

Question 43

Imagine a student develops her own "shorthand" for taking lecture notes.Which of the following statements correctly identifies a feature of her shorthand?

A)The shorthand is composed of symbols but is not part of culture.
B)The shorthand does not constitute symbols but is part of culture.
C)The shorthand is composed of symbols and is part of culture.
D)The shorthand does not constitute symbols and is not part of culture.

Question 44

Human survival is based on the capacity to create general ideas that are not linked to specific or particular instances.What are these ideas called?

A)concepts
B)culture
C)norms
D)methods

Question 45

What do we call ceremonies that mark the transition from one stage of life to another?

A)cultural relativism
B)ethnocentrism
C)rites of passage
D)religious ceremonies

Question 46

Which cultural process is illustrated by Marshall McLuhan's idea of a "global village"?

A)cultural fragmentation
B)globalization
C)industrialization
D)multiculturalism

Question 47

Who stated that, due to processes of rationalization, life in the modern world is akin to living in an "iron cage"?

A)Charles Darwin
B)Marshall McLuhan
C)Karl Marx
D)Max Weber

Question 48

Which of the following terms refers to serious rules that people believe are essential for the survival of their group?

A)production
B)mores
C)folkways
D)cooperation

Question 49

What connects cultural capital to privilege?

A)high aesthetic value
B)opposition to counterculture
C)resources it requires
D)gatekeeping function

Question 50

Many have argued that educational curricula should present a more balanced picture of Canadian society by reflecting Canada's ethnic and racial diversity.What does this perspective advocate?

A)cultural solidarity
B)ethnocentrism
C)cultural assimilation
D)multiculturalism

Question 51

The textbook notes that culture is not just a process that provides us with opportunities to exercise our freedom.What else is it?

A)It is liberating.
B)It is constraining.
C)It is beneficial.
D)It is harmful.

Question 52

According to the textbook, what level of experience do touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell comprise?

A)the semantic level
B)the syntactic level
C)the concrete level
D)the abstract level

Question 53

Matthew overhears an argument where one person claims that social behaviour is determined by the same biological patterns as those that determine people's eye colour.What is this position known as?

A)behavioural archaeology
B)evolutionary psychology
C)sociometrics
D)psychometrics

Question 54

Who consumes mass culture?

A)all social classes
B)primarily the middle class
C)primarily the lower class
D)women more than men

Question 55

A common misconception is that because the human genome has been mapped as of June 26, 2000, all human characteristics can be "read" from this information.Why is this belief a misconception?

A)Genes mutate from generation to generation.
B)Genetic function is precise and human behaviour is imprecise.
C)Genetics needs greater study.
D)Genes interact with social and physical environmental conditions.

Question 56

Liam and Michael are about to get married.What does their wedding exemplify?

A)a rite of passage
B)an institutional practice
C)a globalizing trend
D)postmodern relativism

Question 57

By themselves, how are concrete sensations experienced?

A)as harmless
B)as harmful
C)as meaningful
D)as meaningless

Question 58

When Travis holds up two fingers in the "peace sign," what is he using?

A)an archetype
B)a symbol
C)a norm
D)methods

Question 59

Marilyn goes to the mall to buy a few things because she is feeling depressed and she knows that purchasing a few nice things will make her feel better.What is Marilyn engaged in?

A)rationalization
B)cultural diffusion
C)consumerism
D)production

Question 60

The popularity of foolish father characters in mass media and the declining trust in government exemplify the same feature of postmodernity.Which feature is this?

A)an eclectic mixing of elements from different times and places
B)the erosion of traditional authority
C)the decline of consensus around core values
D)the increase of dysfunctional family life

Question 61

People today live busy lives.We often feel rushed trying to accomplish much during the average workday, and we try to plan each moment precisely.What can this lifestyle be attributed to?

A)progress
B)McDonaldization
C)consumerism
D)rationalization

Question 62

Which of the following terms best capture the way sociologists until the 1960s saw the difference between Americans and Canadians?

A)secular and religious
B)business-like and lazy
C)individualist and authoritarian
D)free and enslaved

Question 63

When hockey legend Sidney Crosby performs a unique pre-game handshake before stepping on the ice, what type of practice is he taking part in?

A)supernatural
B)cultural
C)obsessive-compulsive
D)counterproductive

Question 64

Which of the following refers to the conclusion that experience, thought, and language interact?

A)the Thomas theorem
B)the Miller paradox
C)Pinker's paradigm
D)the Sapir-Whorf thesis

Question 65

What connects cultural capital to privilege? A group of anarchists produces a publication entitled The Glib and Stale, which looks very much like The Globe and Mail newspaper.What are they engaged in?

A)creation of cultural capital
B)raising cultural literacy
C)culture jamming
D)counterculture

Question 66

What was the common consequence of the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, and the eighteenth-century political revolutions?

A)globalization
B)localization
C)fragmentation of culture
D)integration of culture

Question 67

According to the textbook, momentous social and political changes have been going on since the fourteenth century.However, which of the following has sped up cultural fragmentation?

A)cultural reproduction
B)fundamentalism
C)industrialization
D)multiculturalism

Question 68

What is causing the loss of several thousand languages around the world?

A)consumerism
B)rationalization
C)globalization
D)multilingualism

Question 69

Which of the following exemplified the global trend toward homogeneity?

A)loss of local languages
B)increase in the global number of Chinese speakers
C)decrease in the global number of Chinese speakers
D)increase in the number of local languages

Question 70

Who consumes high culture?

A)primarily the middle class
B)primarily the upper class
C)primarily the lower class
D)men more than women

Question 71

What do sociologists call the belief that all cultures and all cultural practices have equal value?

A)cultural relativism
B)intolerance
C)cultural assimilation
D)multiculturalism

Question 72

Which of the following refers to the judging of another culture by the standards of one's own?

A)culture shock
B)culture lag
C)egocentrism
D)ethnocentrism

Question 73

Shelley is carrying a large heavy box out of class, while the people ahead of her exit the classroom and allow the door to slam in her face.What cultural rule are they breaking?

A)a taboo
B)a more
C)a folkway
D)cooperation

Question 74

The growth of different religious beliefs and practices is a characteristic of which form of culture?

A)premodern
B)industrial
C)modernism
D)postmodern

Question 75

Research has shown that children who have close relatives who are homosexual are somewhat more likely to be homosexual themselves when they grow up.Which of the following would a sociologist use to explain this finding?

A)genetics
B)cultural values
C)survival value
D)utility

Question 76

Reviewers of recent James Bond films have observed that they contain so many product placements that "a licence to sell" is now central to 007.Why do manufacturers use product placement?

A)Customers no longer believe traditional advertising.
B)Traditional advertising has become too expensive.
C)Traditional advertising has become ineffective.
D)Traditional advertising writers and artists have run out of ideas.

Question 77

Research has shown that working-class audiences are often critical of middle-class characters on film and television.Which understanding of culture can best explain this finding?

A)conflict
B)feminist
C)structural-functionalist
D)symbolic-interactionist

Question 78

Among ancient Egyptian rulers, siblings were considered preferred marriage partners.Which of the following best characterizes incest in this social group?

A)belief
B)taboo
C)value
D)folkway

Question 79

The tendency to define ourselves in terms of the goods we purchase is not just a simple reflection of personal choice.Why is this tendency also important for the economy?

A)It ensures excess capacity is utilized.
B)It reduces the opportunities for Asian producers to practise dumping.
C)It ensures that American culture will dominate globally.
D)It ensures that the products we produce will be bought.

Question 80

According to the textbook, which of the following processes characterizes the "cultural" part of human experience?

A)looking
B)naming
C)seeing
D)explaining