Deck 16: Religion

Question 1

Charisma and religion seldom go together.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In 2011, approximately what percentage of Canadians stated that they have "no religious affiliation"?

A)14 percent
B)24 percent
C)34 percent
D)44 percent

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to your text, as a scientific discipline, sociology cannot probe the supernatural claims that religion is often about.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A friend tells you about his religious behaviours, which he describes as: "I was baptized a Catholic, but I think of myself as an agnostic, and I attend church on special occasions." According to sociologists, what term identifies your friend's description?

A)personal spirituality
B)personal religiosity
C)person-specific supernaturalism
D)buffet-style religiosity

Question 5

The term sect has been replaced with the term new religious movement.

Question 6

Ecclesia refers to those people who break away from established churches because of doctrinal disagreements.

Question 7

The two main concepts discussed within the market theory of religion are consumerism and totems.

Question 8

According to William James, what influences the content and intensity of humans' religious beliefs and the form and frequency of religious practices?

A)the need to engage in something meaningful
B)the organization of the natural world
C)human brain development and psychology
D)societal structures and people's places within them

Question 9

Nearly 80 percent of Canadians believe that there is a God.

Question 10

Émile Durkheim claimed that the everyday world is part of the sacred, while the religious transcendent world is part of the profane.

Question 11

According to William James, religion is the common human response to the fact that all human beings must die.

Question 12

In the past, organized religion was the most important agent of socialization for children, except for the family.Today, what has replaced religion as a major and important agent of childhood socialization?

A)technology
B)the education system
C)music
D)the legal system

Question 13

Social hostilities between religious groups have been decreasing worldwide as a result of globalization.

Question 14

According to a 2008 Statistics Canada report, more than one-third of Canadians aged 15-19 attended weekly religious services.

Question 15

Sociologists of religion are concerned with the truth of religion in general and of the value of particular religious beliefs and practices.

Question 16

Feminism's main critique of religion is that it is patriarchal.

Question 17

Many conservative Protestants denounced the movie Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) as "demonic."

Question 18

Karl Marx believed that religion is the "opium of the people" because it tranquilizes the working class into accepting their lot in life.

Question 19

Max Weber proved the usefulness of an exclusively economic interpretation of the development of capitalism.

Question 20

Mindy works in a factory to support herself, her three children, and her sometimes violent husband, who is unemployed due to his abuse of alcohol.To cope with the stress and conflict in her life, Mindy spends her little spare time memorizing Bible verses that promise rewards in the afterlife.Which theorist would argue that Mindy's belief is preventing her from breaking out of this situation?

A)Reginald Bibby
B)Max Weber
C)Émile Durkheim
D)Karl Marx

Question 21

Which theorist believed that religion was the opiate of the masses?

A)Max Weber
B)Émile Durkheim
C)Thomas Hobbes
D)Karl Marx

Question 22

According to the text, what is a religious sect?

A)It is a segment of an established religion consisting of very devout members.
B)It is a religious group that is more atheistic in its perspective.
C)It is a religious group that has broken away from an established religion.
D)It is a portion of the clergy, such as ministers, monks, deacons, or elders.

Question 23

Which of the following is responsible for making religion less responsive to the needs of its adherents, and supports inequalities?

A)the routinization of charisma
B)collective effervescence
C)the secularization thesis
D)religiosity

Question 24

Peter Vasilevich Verigin emigrated from Russia to Canada in 1902, joining his religious community of Russian Doukhobors in Saskatchewan.He re-assumed leadership at that time and led 6000 Doukhobors west to British Columbia in 1908.What type of organization was Verigin the leader of?

A)a sect
B)a cult
C)an ecclesia
D)a church

Question 25

According to Freud, how do people acquire religious beliefs?

A)Religion is genetically encoded; we are "…wired for God."
B)Religion is something that must be forced on people.
C)Religion is very much a learned phenomenon.
D)Religion is something we adapt to without much reflection.

Question 26

Who created the term "routinization of charisma"?

A)Max Weber
B)Karl Marx
C)Auguste Comte
D)Émile Durkheim

Question 27

Shelia feels a deep connection with God and attends worship services each week.She also teaches Sunday school to the children after the services, and she prays daily.In sociological terms, what do these things indicate?

A)her level of spirituality
B)her level of connection to a higher power
C)her level of spiritual awareness
D)her level of religiosity

Question 28

Joseph and his neighbours receive a flyer advertising a community hockey game sponsored by a local church.He and the others are invited to play hockey and afterwards attend a service.What does this invitation reflect?

A)the secularization thesis
B)the revised secularization thesis
C)the market theory of religion
D)the community affiliation model of religion

Question 29

Some religious leaders and their followers believe the leader is inspired by mystical powers.What do we call these leaders?

A)authoritarian leaders
B)charismatic leaders
C)transcendent leaders
D)mystical leaders

Question 30

Why are sociologists uninterested in the religious claims of various religions?

A)These issues are unimportant.
B)These are psychological issues.
C)These issues have no "truths" within them.
D)These issues are not scientifically testable.

Question 31

What was the average life expectancy of most people in medieval Europe?

A)25 years
B)35 years
C)45 years
D)55 years

Question 32

Research demonstrates that the male suicide rate decreases for those days just prior to major national sporting events.From a Durkheimian perspective, why does this temporary decrease happen?

A)because these events increase social solidarity
B)because these events can increase the importance of totems
C)because these events can decrease false consciousness
D)because these events can decrease collective apathy

Question 33

A religious group found two items in a basement.One was a book of "rules to live by," which they put in their prayer room and read from at meetings.The other item was a picture of a past member, which they threw out.According to Durkheim, how did they categorize the picture?

A)antiquated
B)sacred
C)profane
D)outdated

Question 34

What do we call the liberal twentieth-century movement that promotes equality between genders and is known for social activism?

A)integrationism
B)reconstructionism
C)deconstructionism
D)reformation

Question 35

What does the expression "religion is the opium of the people" mean?

A)Once people are committed to a religion, they cannot escape.
B)The satisfaction derived from participation in religion is intense.
C)The real effect of religion is due to the euphoric feeling it produces.
D)Religion calms people into accepting their fate on earth.

Question 36

Greg believes in the edict to "love thy neighbour" and that his personal relationship with God is highly important.According to the textbook, what religion does Greg subscribe to?

A)Buddhism
B)Christianity
C)Hinduism
D)Judaism

Question 37

Bobbi argues that religions today are nothing but suppliers of various services.She points to the counselling and social networking that many churches offer as proof of her views.Which model are her views central to?

A)the ritual model
B)the sect model
C)the institution model
D)the market model

Question 38

In which of the following churches do women comprise one-third of ordained ministers?

A)the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
B)the Promise Keepers
C)the United Church of Canada
D)the Anabaptist Church

Question 39

Tim believes in one true God and that justice, religious observance, righteousness, and not cheating people in acts of commerce are highly important.According to the textbook, what religion does Tim subscribe to?

A)Buddhism
B)Christianity
C)Hinduism
D)Judaism

Question 40

Which theory is Durkheim's analysis of religion in society based upon?

A)symbolic interactionism
B)conflict theory
C)postmodernism
D)functionalism

Question 41

Which sociologist wrote The Protestant Ethic?

A)Karl Marx
B)Max Weber
C)Talcott Parsons
D)Émile Durkheim

Question 42

Father Benoit blesses the baptismal water before the baptism of the Sillettis' newborn son.In Durkheimian terms, what is Father Benoit doing?

A)performing a ritual
B)redeeming the profane
C)enveloping the sacred
D)creating a totem

Question 43

The Branch Davidians of Waco, Texas, were a very small group of religious people led by the charismatic David Koresh until their deaths in 1993.What kind of religious organization was the Branch Davidians?

A)a sect
B)a new religious movement
C)a denomination
D)a church

Question 44

In the past religious organizations used to oversee most education, but today that is rarely the case.What does this shift illustrate?

A)civil religion theory
B)the profanity thesis
C)the desecularization thesis
D)the revised secularization thesis

Question 45

A person wants to convert to a new religion, and is told by a catechist (a teacher of the faith) that a convert must demonstrate an active baptism, hold dear the tenets of the faith, attend church regularly, and believe in the soul's eternal nature.Which of the following terms most aptly describes the catechist's teaching?

A)dimensions of conversion
B)dimensions of religiosity
C)tenets of religion
D)tenets of the faith

Question 46

Which of the following terms reflects a concern with frugality, punctuality, and industry in everyday life as an avenue to a religious "state of grace"?

A)the Catholic connection
B)the Protestant ethic
C)the Islamic ethos
D)the Jewish tribute

Question 47

What would Durkheim call the situation where people engage in collective, public worship in a prescribed and orderly manner?

A)social solidarity
B)effervescence
C)false consciousness
D)a ritual

Question 48

For many Canadians, watching a fellow Canadian win a medal in the Olympics is an event that makes them feel ecstatic and like they are part of something much bigger than their individual selves.From a Durkheimian perspective, which of the following terms best reflects this feeling?

A)false consciousness
B)ritual collectiveness
C)collective effervescence
D)conscious congregation

Question 49

Masoud is a very devout Muslim, praying five times per day, fasting during Ramadan, and making his pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca.In sociological terms, what do these practices indicate?

A)his level of spirituality
B)his level of religiosity
C)his level of spiritual awareness
D)his level of activity

Question 50

A small group broke away from a larger religious group to become independent in order to focus on their faith.According to Weber, what characteristics will develop over time within the smaller group?

A)theological separation
B)faith-oriented work
C)spontaneity and enthusiasm
D)routinization and institutionalization

Question 51

Ken believes that there are many gods, which are all aspects of the one true god, and he believes in reincarnation.According to the textbook, what religion does Ken subscribe to?

A)Buddhism
B)Christianity
C)Hinduism
D)Judaism

Question 52

What was one effect of the differentiation of worldly institutions like education from religion?

A)It made religion more applicable to the non-spiritual aspects of people's lives.
B)It caused people to look to other places for moral guidance.
C)It caused people to look increasingly at religion for moral guidance.
D)It encouraged people to remain closer to strict interpretations of religious beliefs.

Question 53

A novice born-again Christian attends a charismatic prayer group.The small group stands to pray, then someone starts to speak in tongues, and the whole group starts singing in unison.The novice feels a transcendent presence.Which of the following terms applies to this social phenomenon?

A)collective sacredness
B)collective projection
C)collective consciousness
D)collective delusion

Question 54

According to William James, what is the origin of religion?

A)the human need to be comforted by a higher power
B)the human desire to find meaning and purpose in life
C)the human longing for companionship with a higher power
D)the human need to be charitable and help others find a higher power

Question 55

What categories do sociologists generally divide religious groups into?

A)cults, denominations, and sects
B)churches, denominations, and sects
C)denominations, ecclesia, and state sponsors
D)state sponsors, churches, and markets

Question 56

A young seeker of enlightenment finds the older, established faith communities dull and unappealing, and is enticed by a recently formed organization called New Faith, an eclectic synthesis of spiritual ideals and meditative practices.What term do sociologists have for such new faith communities?

A)churches
B)denominations
C)sects
D)cults

Question 57

John believes that he will be granted entrance to Heaven as one of God's chosen if he lives simply, works hard, and saves his money.What do John's ideas reflect?

A)the Protestant ethic
B)the Catholic connection
C)the Islamic ethos
D)the Jewish tribute

Question 58

Roman Catholicism in Canada, Judaism in Israel, and Hinduism in India are all examples of which of the following?

A)a sect
B)a cult
C)an ecclesia
D)a church

Question 59

Glenn does not believe in any one god but celebrates his spirituality every day through his meditation practice.According to the textbook, what religion does Glenn subscribe to?

A)Buddhism
B)Christianity
C)Hinduism
D)Judaism

Question 60

In a graph showing religious involvement by age, what would a straight line that is lowest in the left-hand corner and highest in the right-hand corner indicate?

A)Religious involvement increases steadily with age.
B)Religious involvement decreases steadily with age.
C)Religious involvement is higher at younger and older ages and lowest in the middle ages.
D)Religious involvement is high at the younger ages and lower at the older ages.

Question 61

Following confession at church, Edna is given a small cup of grape juice to sip from.What would Durkheim consider the juice to be an example of?

A)a ritual
B)the profane
C)the sacred
D)a totem

Question 62

According to the textbook, which of the following played an important role in the creation of Canada's universal health-care system and its social welfare network?

A)civil religion
B)the Social Gospel movement
C)New Age spirituality
D)the collective unconscious

Question 63

Shannon was excitedly telling her friends about attending a church service where she felt the presence of God.Mark dismissed her account by asserting that what she felt wasn't God, but rather the collective conscience of the people in attendance.Whose perspective of religion had Mark adopted?

A)Karl Marx
B)Émile Durkheim
C)Max Weber
D)Sigmund Freud

Question 64

Edna is almost 85 years old and has had three heart surgeries.In terms of her connection to religion, what would sociologists predict?

A)She would experience increased connection as she gets closer to dying.
B)She would experience decreased connection as she gets closer to dying.
C)She would experience the same level of connection as she had throughout her life.
D)She would experience no connection as she becomes more cynical.

Question 65

According to the textbook, what term is used to refer to the differing assortment of religions and religious beliefs in a given region?

A)religious pluralism
B)religious diversity
C)religious inclusiveness
D)multicultural religiosity

Question 66

Which of the following theorists adopted a symbolic interactionist interpretation of religion?

A)Karl Marx
B)Max Weber
C)Émile Durkheim
D)Auguste Comte

Question 67

George tells his mother that religious activities should be more widely available for people who demand them.Which model does his statement illustrate?

A)the market model
B)the sect model
C)the institution model
D)the ritual model

Question 68

Among the religious, which of the following groups is most likely to report an increase in participation today?

A)members of the United Church
B)Unitarian Universalists
C)Metropolitan Community Church members
D)Evangelical Christians

Question 69

According to the text, what appears to be a necessary factor in causing religiosity, although it is not enough to cause religiosity on its own?

A)peer pressure
B)socialization
C)daily prayer
D)personal reflection

Question 70

In the textbook, what was stated to be Canada's "national religion"?

A)hockey
B)beer
C)winter
D)nature

Question 71

What term is used to denote a bureaucratic religious organization that is accepted within the culture and society?

A)a denomination
B)a church
C)a new religious movement
D)a sect

Question 72

As science has pushed back the boundaries of religious explanation, and as democracy has assumed authority in the state through the rule of law, pushing church authority further into the background, sociologists have hypothesized a thesis for the church's waning influence.Which of the following terms best frames this theoretical concept?

A)atheism thesis
B)reformation thesis
C)scientific thesis
D)secularization thesis

Question 73

What did Durkheim believe was the central function of religion?

A)to ritualize the profane
B)to manifest collective unconsciousness
C)to create a collective unconsciousness
D)to reinforce social solidarity

Question 74

The Unitarian Church started out as a faith based on Christian theology; over time a group was formed called Universalist Unitarians, whose faith community grew to include more members with atheistic beliefs than with Christian beliefs.What term best identifies the distinction between the original group and the second group?

A)church-protest typology
B)church-sect typology
C)sect-equilibrium typology
D)agnostic-atheist typology

Question 75

The Sons of Freedom Doukhobors live in the small community of Krestova, British Columbia, apart from the larger and more established Community Doukhobors in the interior of the province.What type of religious group are the Sons of Freedom Doukhobors?

A)a cult
B)a denomination
C)a sect
D)a church

Question 76

Which of the following best reflects a key similarity across the world's great religions?

A)They did not develop from charismatic personalities.
B)They are similar to Weber's idea of bureaucracy.
C)They preach the inevitability of social inequality.
D)They all have versions of the Protestant ethic in their teachings.

Question 77

What would Durkheim consider a wooden cross to be?

A)a ritual
B)a profane item
C)a totem
D)a collective effervescence

Question 78

Hanne's religion, which began in India 2500 years ago, teaches that there can be a variety of religious "truths." According to the textbook, what religion does Hanne subscribe to?

A)Buddhism
B)Christianity
C)Hinduism
D)Judaism

Question 79

Which religion arose 3800 to 4000 years ago?

A)Buddhism
B)Christianity
C)Judaism
D)Islam

Question 80

Which of the following questions would sociologists of religion be most interested in discussing?

A)Is creationism true?
B)What is the nature of God?
C)Are Canadian youth religious today?
D)How valuable is evolutionary theory?