Deck 2: Categorization and Stereotyping: Cognitive Processes

Question 1

We are most likely to categorize ____.

A)A happy outgroup face.
B)A threatening outgroup face.
C)A happy ingroup face.
D)A threatening ingroup face.

Answer 1

A threatening outgroup face.

Question 2

The part of the brain that is likely involved in primary social categorization is the:

A)Cerebral cortex
B)Hippocampus
C)Amygdala
D)Brain stem

Answer 2

Amygdala

Question 3

Which group is most connected with a positive stereotype?

A)Asian Americans
B)Gay males
C)Poor people
D)Obese people

Answer 3

Asian Americans

Question 4

Generally,in explaining the behavior of outgroup members we cite _____ but use _____ to explain the ingroup's actions.

A)Situational;dispositional
B)Dispositional;situational
C)We explain the behavior of ingroup and outgroup members in the same way.

Question 5

Which interaction goal did Richeson and Ambady 2001)find diminished stereotyping?

A)Evaluate their partner
B)Allow their partner to evaluate them
C)Cooperate with their partner
D)Compete with their partner

Question 6

According to the principle of hypodescent,which person would be categorized as Black?

A)Someone with 2 Black parents
B)Someone with 1 Black and 1 White parent
C)Someone with 1 Black and 3 White grandparents
D)All of the above

Question 7

Banaji and Hardin 1996)found that participants made faster associations between gendered role words father,nurse)and gendered pronouns his,her)when:

A)The words were gender inconsistent.
B)The words were gender consistent.

Question 8

Cultural stereotypes are most often instilled through:

A)Personal exposure to members of that group.
B)Distinctive behavior from members of that group.
C)Socialization through parents,friends,and the media.
D)All of the above.

Question 9

Research shows that when participants are made cognitively busy with other tasks,they

A)Do more automatic stereotyping
B)Do less automatic stereotyping
C)Cognitive business is unrelated to stereotyping.

Question 10

Where do stereotypes come from?

A)Personal exposure to members of that group.
B)Distinctive members of a group.
C)Socialization agents
D)All of the above

Question 11

Which is not an example of a primary social category?

A)Religion
B)Race
C)Gender
D)Age

Question 12

Stereotypes perpetuate themselves because:

A)We tend to notice people who reinforce the stereotype.
B)Stereotypes have a bit of accuracy in them.
C)Stereotype-inconsistent group members can be subtyped into their own group.
D)All of the above.

Question 13

Which statement is not true about social categorization? Social categorization:

A)Always operates automatically.
B)Economizes social thinking.
C)Frees up resources for other cognitive tasks.
D)Guides social judgments.

Question 14

In what context are you most likely to view an elderly person in stereotypic terms?

A)When you see the person at the health club.
B)When you see the person at church.
C)When you see the person at the mall.
D)When you see the person in a nursing home.

Question 15

When confronted with an individual who doesn't fit with our stereotype for that group,what are we likely to do?

A)Revise our stereotype to include that person's characteristics.
B)Ignore that person and simply reaffirm our stereotype.
C)Subtype that person into a more specialized group.

Question 16

The solo status effect e.g. ,being the only Asian student in a class)on others' perceptions is most related to which factor that guides social categorization?

A)Accessibility
B)Perceived threat
C)Perceptual similarity
D)All of the above

Question 17

Stereotyping others to help explain and justify their disadvantage is consistent with:

A)Just world belief
B)The illusory correlation
C)Solo status
D)Subtyping

Question 18

Thinking that "they're all the same" about outgroup members reflects the:

A)Ultimate attribution error
B)Subtyping
C)Outgroup homogeneity effect
D)None of the above

Question 19

Social groups that we are not members of are called:

A)Ingroups
B)Outgroups
C)Reference groups

Question 20

According to research,who is most likely to have an accurate stereotype of the outgroup?

A)A minority group member
B)A majority group member
C)All stereotypes are equally inaccurate.
True-False

Question 21

People who believe in a just world tend to assume that poor people are victims of unemployment.

Question 22

What is hypodescent? How does it affect our perceptions of mixed-race people?

Question 23

Discuss how we use stereotypes about others to define ourselves.

Question 24

What are 2 consequences of stereotyping for our perceptions of others?

Question 25

Stereotypes cause us to assume that groups e.g. ,men and women)are more different than they actually are.

Question 26

Stereotypes contain more situational than dispositional content.

Question 27

Referring to the concept of solo status,discuss how school uniforms affect social categorization of students by other students and by teachers.

Question 28

Give an example of a group that is positively stereotyped and describe the stereotypical beliefs held about members of that group.

Question 29

Categorizing someone as either young or old occurs in less than a second.

Question 30

Research on hypodescent shows that it takes more evidence to categorize a mixed-race person as White than it does to categorize the person as Black.

Question 31

Why do you think it is harder to identify our outgroups than our ingroups?

Question 32

The ultimate attribution error occurs when we hold outgroup members more responsible for the behavior than ingroup members.

Question 33

All stereotypes are negative.

Question 34

Automatic stereotyping is inevitable.

Question 35

Show how a stereotype is both a useful cognitive tool and a source of prejudice.

Question 36

A stereotype is a set of beliefs about the members of a social group.

Question 37

Social categories that are accessible-that we use often-take precedence over those we use infrequently.

Question 38

Asian Americans are often thought of a the "model minority".Discuss the source of that label,and why being positively stereotyped may be as limiting as being negatively stereotyped.

Question 39

Explain how subtyping works and why it enables stereotypes to persist.

Question 40

Using one of the factors that guides social categorization perceptual similarity,accessibility,or perceived threat),explain how you would categorize a person who walks with a cane or walker.