Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE according to the box Critical Thinking: Has Evolution Programmed Us to Overeat? Overeating when food is available ensures:&#10;A)human survival, regardless of physical energy requirements.&#10;B)that we consume a highly nutrition diet.&#10;C)ample energy reserves to survive times when food in not available.&#10;D)that we primarily eat highly palatable foods.

Accepted Answer

The box states that overeating when food is available ensures ample energy reserves to survive times when food in not available. This suggests that option C is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because overeating does not ensure human survival if the body is not expending enough energy. Option B is incorrect because overeating does not necessarily lead to a highly nutritious diet. Option D is incorrect because the box does not mention that overeating leads to primarily eating highly palatable foods.

Question 2

Ryan is enrolled in a fitness and nutrition course. He is currently learning a theory that posits the following: The natural or optimal weight that the body maintains by increases or decreases in hunger and basal metabolic rate is called the set-point weight. This is called _____ theory.

A)basil nutrition
B)energy saturation
C)basal metabolic
D)set-point

set-point

Accepted Answer

The theory described in the question refers to the set-point weight theory. Option D is the only choice that mentions it. Option A is incorrect as "basil nutrition" is not a recognized theory. Option B is also incorrect as "energy saturation" is not a term used in relation to weight management. Option C mentions basal metabolic rate, which is relevant to the theory, but it does not provide the full name of the theory.

Question 3

_____ is the rate at which your body uses energy for vital bodily functions when at rest.&#10;A)Set-point rate (SPR)&#10;B)Basal metabolic rate (BMR)&#10;C)Body mass index (BMI)&#10;D)Systolic blood pressure (SBP)

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate at which our body uses energy when at rest. It is the energy required for vital bodily functions such as breathing, circulation, and maintaining body temperature. This varies based on factors such as age, gender, height, and weight, and plays a role in determining caloric needs.

Question 4

Gregory has a body mass index (BMI) of 29.3. Gregory is considered:&#10;A)overweight.&#10;B)obese.&#10;C)normal weight.&#10;D)underweight.

Accepted Answer

A BMI of 29.3 falls into the overweight category.

Question 5

Cross-cultural research indicates that Japanese and other collectivistic cultures have added a third emotional dimension, called _____, to the two basic emotional dimensions of pleasantness and arousal.

A)self-efficacy
B)attachment security
C)emotional intelligence
D)interpersonal engagement

Accepted Answer

The third emotional dimension that has been identified in collectivistic cultures is interpersonal engagement, which refers to the degree to which emotions are directly expressed or suppressed in social interactions. This dimension reflects cultural norms that prioritize maintaining social harmony and avoiding conflict or disruption of group dynamics. It is distinct from the dimensional models of emotions used in individualistic cultures, which focus on valence (pleasantness-unpleasantness) and arousal (activation-deactivation) as the primary dimensions.

Question 6

_____ is a neurotransmitter that is involved in producing reinforcing feelings of pleasure and satisfaction that may contribute to obesity.&#10;A)Serotonin&#10;B)Dopamine&#10;C)Cholecystokinin&#10;D)Neuropeptide Y

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain's reward system that is involved in feelings of pleasure and reinforcement. Overconsumption of palatable foods such as those high in sugar or fat can lead to a release of dopamine, which may lead to reward-based overeating and contribute to obesity.

Question 7

According to Focus on Neuroscience: Emotions and the Brain, when recalling emotional memories, the _____ is activated, which contributes to our ability to feel an emotion.&#10;A)visual cortex&#10;B)hippocampus&#10;C)somatosensory cortex&#10;D)hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Focus on Neuroscience: Emotions and...

Question 8

Which of the following statements is FALSE?&#10;A)On average, women have a basal metabolic rate that is about 3 to 5 percent lower than the basal metabolic rate for men.&#10;B)Getting only about five hours of sleep a night is an effective strategy for reducing appetite and losing weight.&#10;C)When people who are obese restrict their caloric intake, their basal metabolic rate decreases.&#10;D)An adult would be considered seriously underweight if he or she had a BMI of 17.

Accepted Answer

Getting only about five hours of sleep a night is not an effective strategy for reducing appetite and losing weight. In fact, lack of sleep is associated with weight gain and increased appetite. The other statements are true – women generally have a lower basal metabolic rate than men, when obese people restrict their caloric intake their basal metabolic rate decreases, and a BMI of 17 is considered seriously underweight.

Question 9

When Darlene, a cashier, looked up and saw the frightening face of the bank robber with a gun in front of her, she was terrified. What was the sequence of activation of structures in her brain when she saw the threatening stimulus?

A)the hypothalamus, the medulla, and then the cortex
B)the hypothalamus, the thalamus, and then the amygdala
C)the thalamus and then the amygdala
D)the thalamus, the cortex, and then the amygdala

Accepted Answer

The sequence starts with the thalamus, which receives sensory input and then quickly relays it to the amygdala, a key structure in the brain for processing emotions like fear. This pathway allows for a rapid response to potentially threatening stimuli.

Question 10

Joel is described by co-workers and family as having superior intellect. However, despite his intelligence, Joel often makes poor decisions. Joel lacks:&#10;A)self-efficacy.&#10;B)practical intelligence.&#10;C)emotional intelligence.&#10;D)interpersonal understanding.

Accepted Answer

Joel's poor decisions despite his superior intellect suggest a lack of emotional intelligence, which involves the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and those of others. Practical intelligence and interpersonal understanding may also contribute to decision-making, but emotional intelligence is most closely associated with successful decision-making in a variety of contexts. Self-efficacy refers to beliefs about one's own abilities to achieve goals, and is not directly related to decision-making ability.

Question 11

Which of the following increases the sensitivity of the stomach's stretch receptors and promotes satiation?&#10;A)the hormone insulin&#10;B)the hormone ghrelin&#10;C)the neurotransmitter dopamine&#10;D)the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following increases the sensitivity...

Question 12

Another term for a polygraph test is:&#10;A)lie detector.&#10;B)virtual reality.&#10;C)biofeedback.&#10;D)truth detector.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Another term for a polygraph test is:&#10;A)lie...

Question 13

According to Paul Ekman, that the human face is capable of creating _____ different expressions.&#10;A)about 20&#10;B)fewer than 100&#10;C)approximately 200&#10;D)more than 7,000

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Paul Ekman, that the human...

Question 14

According to _____ theories of motivation, behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs.&#10;A)incentive&#10;B)drive&#10;C)humanistic&#10;D)instinct

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to _____ theories of motivation, behavior...

Question 15

According to Maslow's theory of motivation:&#10;A)optimal human functioning can occur only if the psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness are satisfied.&#10;B)only a few exceptional individuals ever achieve self-actualization.&#10;C)all people are motivated by an inborn tendency to strive for self-actualization.&#10;D)a small percentage of self-actualized people experience peak experiences, or moments of intense ecstasy, wonder, and awe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Maslow's theory of motivation:&#10;A)optimal human...

Question 16

According to _____ theory, optimal human functioning and growth throughout the lifespan is possible only if psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are met.&#10;A)self-determination&#10;B)humanistic&#10;C)self-actualization&#10;D)psychoanalytic

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to _____ theory, optimal human functioning...

Question 17

_____ is a characteristic of motivation that is demonstrated by the continued efforts or determination to achieve a particular goal, often in the face of obstacles.&#10;A)Initiation&#10;B)Persistence&#10;C)Intensity&#10;D)Activation

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is a characteristic of motivation that...

Question 18

The hormone leptin:&#10;A)is associated with increased food intake when brain levels of the chemical increase.&#10;B)creates a positive energy balance when blood levels of the chemical decrease, which, in turn, triggers eating behavior.&#10;C)is secreted by adipose tissue that signals the hypothalamus, regulating hunger and eating behavior.&#10;D)is also called the &#34;hunger hormone&#34; because its presence in the cells lining the stomach strongly stimulates appetite.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hormone leptin:&#10;A)is associated with increased food...

Question 19

Rats with a damaged amygdala:&#10;A)cannot acquire a classically conditioned fear response.&#10;B)overproduce leptin and become extremely lean, despite eating several times their normal amount of calories daily.&#10;C)are more easily classically conditioned to fear-inducing stimuli than rats with intact brains.&#10;D)display the characteristics of starving animals, have voracious appetites, and have five times the amount of body fat as normal rats.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rats with a damaged amygdala:&#10;A)cannot acquire a...

Question 20

In collectivistic cultures, achievement motivation tends to reflect:&#10;A)individual goals.&#10;B)an urge to control or influence the behavior of other people or groups.&#10;C)increasing the success or status of one's family or group.&#10;D)the quest for personal self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In collectivistic cultures, achievement motivation tends to...

Question 21

Milton claims that his dog Moxie is a real clown and that his antics and fooling around are always aimed at getting a laugh. He says Moxie has a great sense of humor. Milton appears to be attributing human traits and emotions to his dog, a phenomenon called:

A)interpersonal engagement.
B)anthropomorphism.
C)self-efficacy.
D)emotional intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Milton claims that his dog Moxie is...

Question 22

As a junior in college, Nicholas has made good grades in all of his classes. Despite this, he has kept putting off enrolling in English Composition I and II because he is convinced that he lacks the writing skills necessary to succeed in those classes. According to Psych for Your Life: Turning Your Goals into Reality, Nicholas's beliefs about his writing skills reflect a:

A)low level of self-actualization.
B)low degree of self-efficacy.
C)high level of activation, but a low degree of persistence.
D)normal degree of self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a junior in college, Nicholas has...

Question 23

According to the _____ theory of emotion, your subjective emotional experience is the direct result of physical changes in your body.&#10;A)James-Lange&#10;B)cognitive-appraisal&#10;C)self-determination&#10;D)Schachter-Singer two-factor

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the _____ theory of emotion,...

Deck 8: Section 4: Motivation and Emotion