Deck 2: Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Question 1

The development of new neurons in the brain is called:

A)neurogenesis.
B)structural plasticity.
C)neuroplasticity.
D)functional plasticity.

Answer 1

neurogenesis.

Question 2

What happens during a refractory period?

A)The neuron becomes polarized for the first time.
B)The neuron reestablishes the negative-inside/positive-outside condition.
C)Neurotransmitters are blocked by dendrites.
D)Dopamine reaches its peak levels.

Answer 2

The neuron reestablishes the negative-inside/positive-outside condition.

Question 3

Processing somatosensory information is to the _____ lobe as seeing is to the _____ lobe.

A)parietal; temporal
B)frontal; parietal
C)temporal; occipital
D)parietal; occipital

Answer 3

parietal; occipital

Question 4

The three types of neurons are:

A)excitatory, inhibitory, and myelinated.
B)sensory, motor, and interneurons.
C)interneurons, glial cells, and motor cells.
D)glial cells, myelinated cells, and unmyelinated cells.

Question 5

The _____ is involved in regulating blood sugar levels and in hunger.

A)pituitary gland
B)pancreas
C)pineal gland
D)thyroid gland

Question 6

According to the box Critical Thinking: "His" and "Her" Brains, research indicates that:

A)brain structures and functions in men and women are essentially the same.
B)men and women are much more different than they are similar.
C)women are less effective at problem solving and decision making.
D)men are much more emotional than previously believed.

Question 7

The _____ is the largest region of the brain.

A)midbrain
B)hindbrain
C)forebrain
D)pons

Question 8

Samuel suffered damage to his temporal lobe during an operation to remove tumors from his brain. He is likely to have problems with his:

A)vision.
B)ability to smell and taste.
C)hearing.
D)ability to process somatosensory information.

Question 9

The _____ is the part of the limbic system that is involved in emotional responses and memories with a strong emotional component.

A)amygdala
B)thalamus
C)hypothalamus
D)medulla

Question 10

In general, neural messages are received by the _____ and transmitted by the _____.

A)cell body; dendrites
B)axons; nucleus
C)dendrites; axon
D)axon; dendrites

Question 11

Although _____ has been shown to be a pseudoscience, it helped introduce the idea that functions were _____ in the brain.

A)phrenology; lateralized
B)neuroscience; plastic or flexible
C)neuroscience; lateralized
D)phrenology; localized

Question 12

According to research presented in your text, stress, exercise, and environmental complexity can affect the rate of _____ in the brains of monkeys, rodents, and birds.

A)neuroplasticity
B)cortical localization
C)myelination
D)neurogenesis

Question 13

Janeen and Marty were strolling down a wooded path in a city park when a man holding a knife suddenly jumped out of the shrubbery. Rather than fight, Janeen and Marty decided to flee and took off, running in the opposite direction. This quick reaction reflects the fight-or-flight response, which is triggered by the _____ nervous system, which stimulates the_____ to produce _____.

A)somatic; adrenal medulla; dopamine and serotonin
B)parasympathetic; adrenal cortex; melatonin and androgen
C)sympathetic; adrenal medulla; epinephrine and norepinephrine
D)central; hypothalamus; GABA and dopamine

Question 14

When neurotransmitters communicate an inhibitory message to the postsynaptic neuron:

A)reuptake is inhibited.
B)the presynaptic neuron is less likely to activate.
C)the action potential is canceled out.
D)the postsynaptic neuron is less likely to activate.

Question 15

Michael takes medication that increases _____ levels to help control symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

A)endorphin
B)serotonin
C)GABA
D)dopamine

Question 16

The brainstem is made up of several structures, which include the:

A)thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala.
B)medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular formation, and midbrain, including the substantia nigra.
C)temporal lobe, parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, and frontal lobe.
D)corpus callosum, cerebral cortex, and the structures that make up the limbic system.

Question 17

According to your textbook, _____ is associated with increased endorphin levels.

A)nicotine addiction
B)heavy consumption of alcohol
C)muscle rigidity during aerobic exercises
D)the pain-relieving effect of acupuncture

Question 18

The venom of a black widow spider bite causes _____ to be released continuously by motor neurons causing severe muscle spasms.

A)acetylcholine
B)dopamine
C)GABA
D)serotonin

Question 19

_____ represent bundles of axons that are _____ to see with the unaided eye.

A)Nerves; mostly large enough
B)Interneurons; too small
C)Neurons; mostly large enough
D)Chemical messengers; too small

Question 20

The _____ is the main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

A)cerebellum
B)hypothalamus
C)pineal gland
D)amygdala

Question 21

Most left-handed people are:

A)right-hemisphere dominant for language, the opposite pattern as right-handed people.
B)left-hemisphere dominant for language, like most right-handed people.
C)bilateral, using both hemispheres equally for virtually all tasks, including speech and language tasks.
D)right-hemisphere dominant for language in their childhood but become increasingly left-hemisphere dominant by early adulthood.

Question 22

Broca is to _____ as Wernicke is to _____.

A)expressive aphasia; receptive aphasia
B)the left cerebral hemisphere; the right cerebral hemisphere
C)structural plasticity; functional plasticity
D)receptive aphasia; expressive aphasia