Question 1

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are manufactured by the _____ gland(s) in the _____ system.&#10;A)adrenal; endocrine&#10;B)pineal; endocrine&#10;C)thyroid; limbic&#10;D)pituitary; limbic

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are manufactured by the adrenal gland, which is part of the endocrine system. The pineal gland produces melatonin, the thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, and the pituitary gland produces many hormones that regulate various bodily functions, but not epinephrine and norepinephrine. The limbic system is a network of brain structures involved in emotions and motivation, but it does not produce hormones.

Question 2

Karen is right-handed. A biopsychologist administers a PET scan of Karen's brain while Karen listens to one of her favorite pieces of music, Beethoven's Third Symphony. Which area of Karen's brain is likely to show the greatest activity on the PET scan?

A)Broca's area
B)Wernicke's area
C)the cerebellum
D)the right hemisphere

the right hemisphere

Accepted Answer

Music is processed primarily in the right hemisphere of the brain, so this area is likely to show the greatest activity on the PET scan. The other options deal with language production and comprehension, which are not directly related to the processing of music.

Question 3

The terms autonomic and somatic refer to the two main subdivisions of the _____ nervous system.&#10;A)sympathetic&#10;B)central&#10;C)peripheral&#10;D)parasympathetic

Accepted Answer

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are both part of the peripheral nervous system, which includes all of the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions of the body, such as heart rate and digestion, while the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements and sensation.

Question 4

Lydia experiences a rush of euphoria after her daily five-mile run. This sensation is known as:&#10;A)neurogenesis.&#10;B)the runner's high.&#10;C)the synaptic rush.&#10;D)the split-brain high.

Accepted Answer

The "runner's high" is a well-known physiological phenomenon experienced by some people after intense exercise, such as running. It is characterized by a rush of euphoria and a decrease in anxiety, sometimes accompanied by feelings of transcendence or increased creativity.

Question 5

How many neurons are there in the human brain?&#10;A)50 million&#10;B)50 billion&#10;C)10 billion&#10;D)100 billion

Accepted Answer

The human brain is estimated to have approximately 100 billion neurons.

Question 6

The resting potential is:&#10;A)the length of time that a neuron is incapable of activating after an action potential.&#10;B)the term used to describe how the sympathetic nervous system reduces arousal and conserves energy.&#10;C)a state in which a neuron has a negative electrical charge of about -70 millivolts.&#10;D)a state in which a neuron has a positive electrical charge of +70 millivolts.

Accepted Answer

The resting potential is the state in which a neuron has a negative electrical charge of about -70 millivolts. This is the baseline state of a neuron when it is not actively transmitting signals. Option A is incorrect as it describes "refractory period" which is the time period after an action potential during which the neuron cannot be stimulated. Option B is incorrect as it describes the parasympathetic nervous system's response and not the resting potential. Option D is incorrect as a neuron never has a positive electrical charge of +70 millivolts, so it does not make sense.

Question 7

_____ is the branch of science that is concerned with the study of the nervous system, especially the brain.&#10;A)Plasticity&#10;B)Neuroscience&#10;C)Clinical psychiatry&#10;D)Developmental psychology

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience is the branch of science that is concerned with the study of the nervous system, including the brain. Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt, while clinical psychiatry and developmental psychology are both subfields within psychology that focus on mental health and human development, respectively.

Question 8

Nicotine is classified as a(n):&#10;A)endorphin.&#10;B)SSRI.&#10;C)agonist.&#10;D)antagonist.

Accepted Answer

Nicotine is classified as an agonist, as it stimulates the production and release of various neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine.

Question 9

Reuptake occurs:&#10;A)when the brain shifts functions from damaged areas to undamaged areas.&#10;B)when sodium ion and potassium ion channels open.&#10;C)in the small gaps in the axon called the nodes of Ranvier.&#10;D)when neurotransmitter molecules are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron.

Accepted Answer

Reuptake is the process by which neurotransmitter molecules are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron after they have been released into the synapse to transmit a signal to another neuron. This allows for the regulation of neurotransmitter levels in the brain and helps to prevent overstimulation of the receiving neuron. A, B, and C are not related to reuptake.

Question 10

Messages from other neurons or specialized cells and sensory receptors are typically:&#10;A)collected by the synaptic vesicles.&#10;B)relayed by glial cells to the correct node of Ranvier.&#10;C)received by the dendrites.&#10;D)received by the axon terminals.

Accepted Answer

Messages from other neurons or specialized cells and sensory receptors are received by the dendrites, which are the branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons or specialized cells. The dendrites then transmit these signals to the cell body, which in turn sends the signal down the axon to the axon terminals.

Question 11

Petro is unable to articulate ideas or understand spoken or written language because of brain damage. Petro suffers from:&#10;A)Parkinson's disease.&#10;B)Alzheimer's disease.&#10;C)the after effects of the split-brain operation.&#10;D)aphasia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Petro is unable to articulate ideas or...

Question 12

Psychologist and neuroscientist Roger Sperry is BEST known for:&#10;A)his efforts to debunk the pseudoscientific claims of phrenology.&#10;B)the discovery of neurogenesis in the adult human brain.&#10;C)his studies on split-brain patients.&#10;D)identifying the specific brain areas involved in different forms of aphasia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologist and neuroscientist Roger Sperry is BEST...

Question 13

According to the box &#34;Critical Thinking: &#34;His&#34; and &#34;Her&#34; Brains?&#34;, which of the following is FALSE?&#10;A)Men's brains tend to be much smaller than women's brains.&#10;B)Women and men have different proportions of gray to white matter in their brains.&#10;C)In general, the male brain is more asymmetrical and functions are more lateralized than in the female brain.&#10;D)Men's brains tend to be larger than women's brains.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the box &#34;Critical Thinking: &#34;His&#34;...

Question 14

The brainstem is made up of the _____ and the _____.&#10;A)forebrain; midbrain&#10;B)cerebellum; medulla&#10;C)reticular formation; pons&#10;D)midbrain; hindbrain

Accepted Answer

The answer of The brainstem is made up of the...

Question 15

The _____ functions as the main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system.&#10;A)adrenal medulla&#10;B)adrenal cortex&#10;C)amygdala&#10;D)hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ functions as the main link...

Question 16

The _____ lobe primarily control's a person's ability to plan, initiate, and carry out voluntary movements and actions.&#10;A)frontal&#10;B)occipital&#10;C)parietal&#10;D)temporal

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ lobe primarily control's a person's...

Question 17

Reduced brain levels of the neurotransmitter _____ is most notably involved in the progressive memory loss that characterizes Alzheimer's disease.&#10;A)GABA&#10;B)serotonin&#10;C)dopamine&#10;D)acetylcholine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reduced brain levels of the neurotransmitter _____...

Question 18

According to Pereira's study on exercise and neurogenesis, discussed in Psych for Your Life: Maximizing Your Brain's Potential,:&#10;A)experience has minimal effect on brain functions or structures.&#10;B)exercising regularly decreases the release of endorphins in the brain.&#10;C)while exercise promotes the growth of new neurons in the brains of mammals, findings are mixed in humans.&#10;D)exercise promotes the growth of new neurons in the human brain, just as it does in other mammals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Pereira's study on exercise and...

Question 19

Tom is a split-brain patient seated in front of a screen. As he focuses on the middle of the screen, the image of an apple is briefly flashed on the LEFT side of the screen. Tom will:&#10;A)be able to verbally name the object.&#10;B)be able to use his right hand to reach under the screen and pick up the correct object.&#10;C)verbally deny that any image appeared on the screen.&#10;D)probably have an epileptic seizure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tom is a split-brain patient seated in...

Deck 2: Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior