Deck 13: Section 5: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

According to research presented in Critical Thinking: Are People with a Mental Illness as Violent as the Media Portray Them?, an analysis of U.S. television shows reveals that:

A)although 5 percent of "normal" television characters are murderers, 20 percent of the mentally ill characters are killers.
B)in most cases, television characters accurately depict the behavior of the mentally ill.
C)although 10 percent of "normal" television characters are murders, 40 percent of the mentally ill characters are killers.
D)25 percent of "normal" characters are violent, but only 2 percent of characters labeled mentally ill are murderers.

Answer 1

although 5 percent of "normal" television characters are murderers, 20 percent of the mentally ill characters are killers.

Question 2

Pyromania is a disorder that is characterized by deliberately setting fires on more than one occasion, accompanied by:

A)an onset of symptoms prior to age 18.
B)disruption of social, occupational, and interpersonal functioning.
C)pleasure, gratification, or relief of tension.
D)a level of symptom severity that ranges from "requiring support" to "requiring very substantial support."

Answer 2

pleasure, gratification, or relief of tension.

Question 3

Research indicates that anxiety:

A)interferes with all aspects of functioning, even in the short term.
B)can be adaptive, helpful, and beneficial when it alerts people to a realistic threat.
C)can cause emotional ups and downs but has little impact on health.
D)generally requires pharmacological interventions.

Answer 3

can be adaptive, helpful, and beneficial when it alerts people to a realistic threat.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about major depressive disorder is FALSE?

A)Feelings of worthlessness and self-loathing after the death of a loved one may indicate major depressive disorder.
B)Abnormal sleep patterns are a hallmark of major depressive disorder and include insomnia and, less commonly, excessive amounts of sleep.
C)For people with seasonal affective disorder, repeated episodes of major depressive disorder tend to occur most often with the onset of autumn and winter.
D)In terms of lifetime prevalence, about 25 percent of Americans will be affected by major depressive disorder at some point in their lives.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about bipolar disorder is FALSE?

A)A small percentage of people with bipolar disorder experience only manic episodes.
B)There are no differences between the sexes in the rate at which bipolar occurs.
C)A small percentage of people with bipolar disorder display rapid cycling, experiencing four or more manic or depressive episodes every year.
D)For both men and women, the lifetime risk of being affected by the symptoms of bipolar disorder is about 15 percent.

Question 6

According to the information presented in Critical Thinking: Does Smoking Cause Major Depressive Disorder and Other Psychological Disorders?:

A)individuals with multiple psychological disorders have higher rates of smoking and smoke more cigarettes per day than people with one or no psychological disorders.
B)adults with major depressive disorder are less likely to smoke than adults in the general population.
C)smoking is more effective than medication in alleviating the symptoms of depression and anxiety.
D)people diagnosed with schizophrenia are four times less likely to smoke than the general population.

Question 7

Some people experience a less severe form of depressive disorder that is characterized by chronic low-grade depression with symptoms persisting for two years or longer. This less intense type of depression is called _____ disorder.

A)seasonal affective
B)cyclothymic
C)persistent depressive
D)dissociative

Question 8

A(n) _____ is a brief, sudden, uncontrollable episode of acute anxiety and fear that rapidly escalates in intensity and usually includes physical symptoms like a pounding heart, rapid breathing, trembling, and feeling as if you are choking or cannot breathe.

A)panic attack
B)manic episode
C)episode of rapid cycling
D)dissociative experience

Question 9

In the movie As Good As It Gets, actor Jack Nicholson plays the character of Melvin Udall, a gifted writer who always eats in the same restaurant, brings his own plastic utensils, and engages in strict patterns of behavior, such as repetitive hand washing or walking carefully on the sidewalk to avoid stepping on a crack. Failure to follow these ritual behaviors results in extreme anxiety and distress. The character Nicholson was portraying would probably be diagnosed with _____ disorder.

A)autism spectrum
B)Tourette's
C)borderline personality
D)obsessive-compulsive

Question 10

The _____ describes more than 260 specific psychological disorders.

A)National Mental Health Association
B)MMPI
C)DSM-5
D)National Council for Behavioral Health

Question 11

_____ is a long-lasting disorder that develops in response to being exposed to a severe and often life-threatening trauma.

A)Schizophrenia
B)Generalized anxiety
C)Antisocial personality disorder
D)Posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 12

Research indicates that _____ occur(s) more often among creative writers and artists than among the general population.

A)depressive and bipolar disorders
B)personality disorders
C)schizophrenia
D)kleptomania and pyromania

Question 13

According to the biological preparedness perspective, people are more likely to develop phobias toward objects or situations that:

A)reflect an important threat to survival in human evolutionary history.
B)are irrational and result from catastrophic thinking.
C)once caused fear and anxiety, such as being bitten by a dog as a child.
D)are associated with danger, such as flying in an airplane.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about social anxiety disorder is TRUE?

A)People with social anxiety disorder typically are unaware that their fears are unreasonable or excessive.
B)Social anxiety disorder is also referred to as phonophobia.
C)People with social anxiety disorder are intensely afraid of having a panic attack in a public place.
D)More women than men experience social anxiety disorder.

Question 15

An eating disorder in which the individual refuses to maintain a minimally normal body weight, is extremely afraid of gaining weight or becoming fat, and has a distorted perception about the size of his or her body is called:

A)cyclothymic disorder.
B)anorexia nervosa.
C)bulimia nervosa.
D)dysthymia.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about normal versus abnormal behavior is TRUE?

A)Abnormal behavior requires medical intervention, whereas normal behavior does not.
B)Abnormal behavior is obvious and normal behavior is generally ignored.
C)Abnormal behavior is considered "crazy," whereas normal behavior is universally accepted.
D)The difference between normal and abnormal is often a matter of degree.

Question 17

Zink is a clinical psychologist. Zink explains to his patient, Dave that the reason Dave is so prone to panic attacks after he walks up three flights of stairs is that Dave is oversensitive to sensations of physical arousal and tends to irrationally distort the meaning of these sensations as calamitous or disastrous. From reading the chapter, you know that Dr. Zink is actually describing the _____ of panic disorder to Dave.

A)abnormal brain chemistry explanation
B)catastrophic cognitions theory
C)biosocial developmental model
D)triple vulnerabilities model

Question 18

According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), the median age of onset for any disorder is _____ years.

A)14
B)24
C)29
D)31

Question 19

Taijin kyofusho is:

A)a form of meditation used in collectivistic cultures that has been found to be highly effective in treating social anxiety disorders.
B)a variation of major depressive disorder seen primarily in Asian countries that is characterized by despondency over failing to live up to family or community expectations.
C)the Japanese word used to describe a disorder that is very similar to dissociative identity disorder.
D)a form of social anxiety that usually affects young Japanese males.

Question 20

Kendra is conducting a research review on major depressive disorder. Kendra's research will reveal that approximately _____ percent of Americans will be affected by the symptoms of major depressive disorder at some point in their life.

A)5
B)15
C)27
D)33

Question 21

A commonly seen _____ symptom that occurs in schizophrenia is _____.

A)negative; delusions
B)positive; hallucinations
C)positive; flat affect
D)negative; sensory distortion

Question 22

The viral infection theory of schizophrenia contends that:

A)schizophrenia is caused by the same virus that causes bipolar disorder.
B)men who are over 45 years of age, and who have had a history of viral infections, are more likely to have children who go on to develop schizophrenia.
C)the development of schizophrenia is related to exposure to a virus during prenatal development or early infancy.
D)a viral infection can cause inflammation that reduces or blocks dopamine activity in the brain.

Question 23

Brain-imaging studies reveal that rapid loss of gray matter in the temporal lobes and the frontal lobes is associated with:

A)PTSD.
B)bipolar disorders.
C)dissociative disorders.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 24

Which of the following normally integrated aspects of personality are divided and separated during a dissociative experience?

A)memory, emotion, and personality
B)awareness, memory, and personal identity
C)emotion, motivation, and memory
D)attention, memory, and consciousness

Question 25

_____ disorders are characterized by inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thoughts, emotions, behavior, and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations and deviate from the expectations of the individual's culture.

A)Personality
B)Anxiety
C)Culture-bound
D)Major depressive

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with suicide?

A)flexible thinking and rational beliefs
B)a family history of suicide
C)exposure to cyberbullying
D)presence of a firearm in the home

Question 27

Which of the following statements schizophrenia is TRUE?

A)Schizophrenia is diagnosed nine times more often in women than in men.
B)The psychological environment is unrelated to the onset or progression of schizophrenia.
C)Heritability estimates suggest that genetic factors account for 80 percent of new cases of schizophrenia.
D)No single psychological factor has consistently emerged as causing schizophrenia.

Question 28

_____ is characterized by symptoms of extensive amnesia, wandering or traveling, and confusion about one's personal identity.

A)Schizophrenia
B)Borderline personality disorder
C)Agoraphobia
D)Dissociative fugue

Question 29

According to Focus on Neuroscience: The Hallucinating Brain, a schizophrenia patient experiences activity in the ______of the brain at the exact moment of a hallucination.

A)auditory and visual centers
B)temporal lobes
C)hippocampus
D)left hemisphere

Question 30

According to Sing Lee, a Chinese psychiatrist, young women in Hong Kong with anorexia attributed their severe thinness to:

A)genetics.
B)Western media.
C)stress and lack of health care.
D)physical problems, such as bloating.

Question 31

Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia refers to a greatly reduced emotional expressiveness, including facial expressions?

A)flat affect
B)alogia
C)avolition
D)paralysis

Question 32

_____ personality disorder involves exaggerated, overly dramatic expression of emotions and attention-seeking behavior that often includes sexually seductive or provocative behaviors.

A)Antisocial
B)Histrionic
C)Dependent
D)Narcissistic

Question 33

Dalpiez is conducts research on the _____ theory of borderline personality disorder. According to this theory, borderline personality disorder is the outcome of a unique combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors.

A)sociocultural
B)psychoanalytic
C)evolutionary
D)biosocial developmental

Question 34

Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by:

A)a rigid preoccupation with orderliness, cleanliness, and rituals that interfere with completing tasks.
B)erratic, unstable relationships and desperate efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.
C)extreme social inhibition due to feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism or disapproval.
D)pervasive but unwarranted distrust and suspiciousness, and assumptions that other people intend to deceive, exploit, or harm them.