Deck 13: Section 4: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

A person who feels driven to perform repetitive behaviors in a particular sequence or pattern in order to reduce anxiety is experiencing:

A)dissociative fugue.
B)an obsession.
C)a compulsion.
D)a delusion of being controlled.

Answer 1

a compulsion.

Question 2

Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by:

A)sudden, intense, and short-lived bouts of anxiety.
B)panic attacks that occur frequently and unexpectedly.
C)recurring mental images of a specific traumatic incident.
D)ongoing, global, and persistent anxiety.

Answer 2

ongoing, global, and persistent anxiety.

Question 3

The DSM-5:

A)describes the symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for more than 260 specific psychological disorders.
B)is a widely used psychological test that measures a person's level of psychological distress.
C)is an annual publication of the World Health Organization that contains mortality and suicide statistics associated with different mental disorders.
D)explains what psychological disorders are, what causes them, and how to cure them.

Answer 3

describes the symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for more than 260 specific psychological disorders.

Question 4

According to the _____ of panic disorder, people with panic disorder are likely to misinterpret and exaggerate the meaning of their normal physical sensations and may be the victims of their own illogical thinking.

A)biological model
B)catastrophic cognitions theory
C)triple vulnerabilities model
D)biosocial developmental theory

Question 5

_____ is characterized by severely impaired social and communication skills, including delayed or a complete lack of language development.

A)Schizophrenia
B)Somatic symptom disorder
C)Agoraphobia
D)Autism spectrum disorder

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)The majority of people who experience an episode of major depressive disorder will never experience another episode of major depressive disorder.
B)Most people who experience major depressive disorder seek professional help to deal with the symptoms.
C)Even without treatment, the symptoms of major depressive disorder usually disappear within two to four weeks.
D)When major depressive disorder recurs, the symptoms tend to increase in severity.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Psychopathology has a low degree of comorbidity, which means that people diagnosed with one mental disorder are very unlikely to be diagnosed with another one.
B)Of the different categories of people portrayed on television shows, people with psychological disorders are the most stigmatized.
C)As a group, people who have been diagnosed with a mental illness have the highest rate of violent behavior in the United States.
D)Hearing voices when no one is present is always a symptom of a serious mental disorder.

Question 8

In the months following her graduation from college, Amber has grappled with feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and despair. In the last several weeks, these feelings have intensified, and Amber has withdrawn from all interaction with her friends and family. Based on this short description, it would appear that Amber is:

A)experiencing major depressive disorder.
B)on the verge of a schizophrenic episode.
C)experiencing the classic symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)experiencing a type of dissociative fugue.

Question 9

Research indicates that women are _____ to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder.

A)just as likely as men
B)about twice as likely as men
C)half as likely
D)about four times more likely than men

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a core symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder?

A)Frequent, intrusive recollections of a traumatic event
B)Numbing of emotional responsiveness
C)Memory loss and an inability to identify threatening situations
D)Avoidance of stimuli that tend to trigger memories of a traumatic event

Question 11

Lloyd and Bentley are college roommates. Lloyd becomes anxious around large groups of people and, therefore, avoids going to most parties. He feels much more secure when spending time alone or with small groups of friends. Bentley also experiences anxiety in large crowds. He often talks about mass shootings and tells friends and family, "It's just a matter of time until it happens right here." In class, Bentley always arrives early to get a seat by the door in case someone barges into the classroom with an intent to do harm. He is always scanning the environment to make sure he doesn't spot someone suspicions. Which of the following statements about Lloyd and Bentley is TRUE?

A)Both young men are demonstrating signs of pathological anxiety.
B)Bentley is showing signs of pathological anxiety, while Lloyd is showing signs of typical anxiety.
C)Lloyd has agoraphobia, while Bentley likely suffers from generalized anxiety disorder.
D)Bentley has panic disorder, while Lloyd has agoraphobia.

Question 12

______is defined as a persistent and irrational fear of something, usually a specific object or situation, that does not necessarily interfere with the ability to function in daily life.

A)Ataque de nervios
B)Panic disorder
C)Taijin kyofusho
D)A phobia

Question 13

_____ is a medication that is commonly used to help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder.

A)Lithium
B)Thorazine
C)Glutamate
D)Haldol

Question 14

Three years ago, Margie experienced major depressive disorder. One of the BEST predictors of whether Margie will experience a recurrence of major depressive disorder is:

A)the onset of compulsions.
B)her age.
C)long work hours.
D)exposure to recent stressful events.

Question 15

According to the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), approximately 1 out of _____ American adults has experienced the symptoms of a psychological disorder during the previous year.

A)2
B)4
C)7
D)20

Question 16

Although she has never told anyone about it, Private Ross is often troubled by flashbacks and nightmares after experiencing high-intensity guerrilla warfare during a tour of duty in Afghanistan. Although she tries to suppress the thoughts, they keep coming back to her. She feels emotionally numb and is beginning to have trouble concentrating at work. Ross's symptoms are an example of:

A)taijin kyofusho.
B)PTSD.
C)obsessions.
D)compulsions.

Question 17

_____ has been used to explain why people are more likely to develop phobias of certain animals or situations, such as snakes, heights, slugs, maggots, or cockroaches that were survival threats in our evolutionary history.

A)The DSM-V
B)Psychoanalytic theory
C)Classical conditioning
D)Biological preparedness

Question 18

Agoraphobia is a type of specific phobia characterized by the intense fear of:

A)open spaces.
B)having a panic attack in a situation in which the person would be unable to escape or get help.
C)being embarrassed, judged, or critically evaluated.
D)embarrassing, offending, or insulting other people because of personal factors, such as smell, facial expressions, or body language.

Question 19

Leonra has a history of major depressive disorder. According to the Critical Thinking box on smoking and psychological disorders, Leonra is likely to be a heavy smoker, consuming _____ of cigarettes per day or more.

A)half a pack
B)a pack
C)three packs
D)four packs

Question 20

Which of the following physical symptoms often accompanies major depressive disorder?

A)severe back pain
B)high blood pressure
C)anger
D)anxiety

Question 21

Each year in the United States, there are approximately _____ new cases of schizophrenia diagnosed.

A)200,000
B)330,000
C)500,000
D)750,000

Question 22

Dissociative amnesia often occurs as a response to:

A)excess production of dopamine in the brain.
B)stress, trauma, or an extremely distressing situation.
C)alcohol or drug intoxication.
D)a concussion or another type of brain injury.

Question 23

In which of the following ways do antipsychotic medications, such as Thorazine or Haldol, help reduce symptoms of schizophrenia?

A)reducing or blocking dopamine activity in the brain
B)decreasing brain levels of serotonin
C)decreasing brain levels of norepinephrine
D)increasing serotonin production in the brain

Question 24

Jackson is deceptive and manipulative of others, including friends and family members. Deceiving and manipulating others for one's own personal gain is a characteristic of _____ personality disorder.

A)antisocial
B)borderline
C)histrionic
D)paranoid

Question 25

Addyson has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. When her symptoms are severe, Addyson's verbal responses are limited to very brief, empty comments. This particular symptom is called:

A)avolition.
B)agoraphobia.
C)serotonin syndrome.
D)alogia.

Question 26

_____ is a culture-bound disorder in which people become virtual recluses for years at a time, locking themselves away to play video games or surf the internet.

A)Saladera
B)Windigo
C)Hikkomori
D)Amok

Question 27

_____ disorders are inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thoughts, emotions, behavior, and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations and deviate from the expectations of the individual's culture.

A)Anxiety
B)Major depressive
C)Culture-bound
D)Personality

Question 28

According to one explanation, dissociative identity disorder:

A)occurs in response to abnormal brain levels of dopamine.
B)represents a way to cope with extreme abuse or trauma that occurred during childhood.
C)is more common among creative artists and writers and represents a form of pathological creativity.
D)is the result of abnormal brain structures, such as enlarged ventricles or overall lower brain volume of gray matter tissue.

Question 29

One theory of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is that some children are born with a biologically sensitive temperament that makes them more vulnerable to develop the disorder, especially when they are raised by caregivers who do not teach them how to control their impulsiveness or help them learn how to understand, regulate, and appropriately express their emotions. This theory is called the _____ of BPD.

A)biosocial developmental theory
B)catastrophic cognitions theory
C)triple vulnerabilities model
D)genetic predisposition model

Question 30

Which of the following brain structure abnormalities is MOST commonly found in people with schizophrenia?

A)swelling in the frontal lobes
B)reduced activity in left temporal lobe
C)enlargement of the ventricles
D)reduced blood flow to the brain stem

Question 31

Compared with during the spring months, during the winter months the number of suicides in the United States:

A)doubles.
B)triples.
C)quadruples.
D)is at its lowest rate.

Question 32

_____ is an eating disorder characterized by binges of extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, or other inappropriate methods to purge the excessive food and prevent weight gain.

A)Anorexia nervosa
B)Bulimia nervosa
C)Binge-eating disorder
D)Hikkomori

Question 33

A commonly observed _____ symptom that occurs in schizophrenia is _____.

A)negative; delusions
B)positive; alogia
C)negative; flat affect
D)positive; avolition

Question 34

About _____ of people who experience an initial episode of schizophrenia will develop a chronic, ongoing form of the disease that severely impairs their ability to function.

A)one-tenth
B)one-quarter
C)one-half
D)two-thirds