Deck 11: Section 5: Social Psychology

Question 1

According to the textbook, which of the following was NOT a factor that contributed to the mistreatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib?

A)conformity
B)prejudice and stereotyping
C)altruism
D)cognitive dissonance

Answer 1

altruism

Question 2

In a series of experiments, Stanley Milgram systematically varied the conditions of his obedience study. Under which condition were the subjects LEAST likely to continue administering shocks to the maximum level?

A)when the teacher and the learner were in the same room
B)when the teacher observed two other teachers who refused to continue with the experiment
C)when the experimenter left the laboratory and gave orders over the phone
D)when the teacher was required to hold the learner's hand down on a shock plate

Answer 2

when the teacher observed two other teachers who refused to continue with the experiment

Question 3

According to Focus on Neuroscience: Brain Reward When Making Eye Contact with Attractive People, when we make direct eye contact with a physically attractive person, a specific area on each side of the brain is activated. When the attractive person's eye gaze is shifted away from the viewer, brain activity in these areas decreases. Researchers have located two brain areas that are selectively responsive to the reward value of attractive faces: the _____ and the _____.

A)amygdala; left ventral striatum
B)orbital frontal cortex; right ventral striatum
C)orbital frontal cortex; amygdala
D)amygdala; right ventral striatum

Answer 3

orbital frontal cortex; amygdala

Question 4

"I can't believe that people would be so stupid as to build a house on the edge of a cliff like that; it's their own fault they are homeless now," Owen said as he looked at the news footage of the wrecked expensive homes at the bottom of the muddy hillside collapse. Owen's response illustrates an attributional pattern called:

A)the self-serving bias.
B)the fundamental attribution error.
C)blaming the victim.
D)hindsight bias.

Question 5

"I don't care what kind of lawyer he is! I can't believe that Mia is going to marry a lawyer! They're all just money-grubbing, bloodless leeches. You know what you call an honest lawyer? An impossibility!" Kathy laughed. Kathy's view that all lawyers share the same qualities is an example of:

A)the out-group homogeneity effect.
B)the fundamental attribution error.
C)an implicit personality theory.
D)blaming the victim.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a key component that influences our person perception?

A)the characteristics of the individual you are attempting to size up
B)the rule of reciprocity
C)the specific situation
D)your own perceptions and goals

Question 7

On numerous occasions in the past, Destiny had strongly advocated alternative energy sources and less reliance on fossil fuels. So, her friend Sara was surprised to see Destiny drive up in a large gas-guzzling SUV. Sara asked, "So, Destiny, how do you guys like your new SUV?" Without a moment's hesitation, Destiny replied, "You know, we really needed a bigger vehicle to haul the kids and all their soccer stuff around. And I sure don't have any problems fitting all the grocery sacks in the back!" Destiny's change in attitude to match her behavior reflects which of the following concepts?

A)self-serving bias
B)hindsight bias.
C)cognitive dissonance
D)diffusion of responsibility

Question 8

In order to remove any doubts about the legitimacy of the shock generator in Milgram's obedience study, the:

A)"teachers" were given a sample shock.
B)"teachers" were allowed to give the experimenters a shock.
C)"learners" were given a sample shock.
D)"learners" were allowed to give the "teachers" a shock.

Question 9

Joey and Ross were good friends. Joey was a very handsome guy, and Ross was a homely, nerdy-looking guy. Joey is likely to be perceived by other people as being _____ than Ross.

A)more intelligent, happier, and better adjusted
B)less intelligent, less happy, and less well adjusted
C)lonelier, less popular, and more socially anxious
D)more intelligent, more popular, but less happy

Question 10

As Nina and Erin were eating lunch in the Central High School student cafeteria, they were discussing the news coverage about the girls' athletic coach being arrested for selling steroids to student athletes. "I think the guy just did it because they don't pay teachers enough money," Nina suggested. "I bet the guy had some other kind of drug addiction he was trying to pay for," Erin countered. Nina and Erin's ideas about the cause of the coach's drug-selling behavior are examples of:

A)attributions.
B)the hindsight bias.
C)the stereotype threat.
D)implicit cognitions.

Question 11

Because of his deep concerns about the effects of global warming, Riley took part in a protest demonstration in front of the hotel where the head of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was making a speech to an annual meeting of coal producers. This example BEST illustrates the _____ component of attitudes.

A)behavioral
B)emotional
C)biological
D)cognitive

Question 12

For 30 years, the community of Wichita, Kansas, was haunted-and taunted-by a serial killer who dubbed himself the BTK killer, which stood for "bind, torture, kill." In February of 2005, a break in the case came when Wichita police arrested Dennis Rader, age 59, a city inspector, former Boy Scout leader, and church council president who was married with two adult children. Based on what you learned in the social psychology chapter, which of the following statements explains how Rader escaped detection for so many years?

A)Strong feelings of ethnocentrism convinced people that the BTK killer was someone from outside their community.
B)Diffusion of responsibility allowed people to psychologically distance themselves from the people murdered by BTK.
C)Rader contradicted the implicit personality theory that people have for a serial killer.
D)People have a strong, natural tendency to blame the victims for contributing to their fate, rather than the person who murdered them.

Question 13

Informational social influence results from people's desire to:

A)be correct and gain accurate information.
B)be liked and accepted by the group.
C)avoid deindividuation.
D)gain social approval.

Question 14

_____ is to how we interpret the meaning of other people's behavior as _____ is to how our behavior is affected by situational factors and other people.

A)Social influence; social cognition
B)Attribution; bias
C)Social cognition; social influence
D)Sociology; psychology

Question 15

Even though it had been billed as "one of the most delightfully funny Broadway plays every produced," Michael thought the jokes were corny, the actors were too mechanical in delivering their lines, and the singing was mediocre. However, at the conclusion of the play, Michael reluctantly stood up with the rest of the audience to join in the standing ovation. Michael's behavior clearly illustrates:

A)obedience.
B)prosocial behavior.
C)the stereotype threat.
D)conformity.

Question 16

When thinking about the upcoming presidential election, Stacey was unsure of which candidate to vote for. However, after he voted and took some time to think about his decision, Stacey felt much more confident that he had made the correct choice. The change in the strength of Stacey's attitude about the candidate for whom he voted is probably the result of:

A)cognitive dissonance.
B)social categorization.
C)hindsight bias.
D)implicit attitudes.

Question 17

Who is BEST known for his Robbers Cave experiments and his study of prejudice, conflict resolution, and group processes?

A)Stanley Milgram
B)B) F. Skinner
C)Muzafer Sherif
D)Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 18

The tendency to blame oneself for one's failures, attributing them to internal, personal causes, while downplaying one's successes by attributing them to external, situational causes, is called:

A)the self-serving bias.
B)the fundamental attribution bias.
C)hindsight bias.
D)the self-effacing, or modesty, bias.

Question 19

A technique used to promote cooperation that involves students working together in small, ethnically diverse groups on a mutual project is called the:

A)foot-in-the-door technique.
B)jigsaw classroom technique.
C)conform-to-the-norm technique.
D)the in-group bias effect.

Question 20

Deliberate, conscious mental processes are to _____ as automatic, nonconscious mental processes are to _____.

A)hindsight bias; implicit personality theory
B)implicit cognitions; explicit cognitions
C)stereotypes; prejudice
D)explicit cognition; implicit cognition

Question 21

Kitty Genovese's murder led to the study of:

A)aggression and social justice.
B)person perception and hindsight bias.
C)racism and gender stereotyping.
D)altruism and prosocial behavior.

Question 22

Gilda volunteers two or three mornings a week at a local animal rescue center because she believes that helping abused and abandoned animals is "the right thing to do." Her friend Wilda volunteers a few times a week at the same shelter because she believes that it gives her valuable work experience and may help her gain admission to veterinary school. Gilda's motivation is guided by _____, and Wilda's motivation reflects _____.

A)altruism; prosocial behavior
B)normative social influence; informational social influence
C)prosocial behavior; altruism
D)informational social influence; normative social influence

Question 23

The greater the number of people present when someone is in distress, the less likely any one individual is to help. This phenomenon is called the _____ effect.

A)"not my problem"
B)hindsight
C)"Golden Rule"
D)bystander effect