Deck 8: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Question 1

Compare and contrast the patterns of industrialization in continental Europe and the United States with that of Great Britain.

Answer 1

not answered

Question 2

Do notions of "class," whether of the worker, the employer, the middle, the upper, or the lower do more to confuse historical understanding than to actually explain the era of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 2

The notions of "class" during the Industrial Revolution can indeed be confusing and may not fully explain the complexities of the era. While the traditional understanding of class distinctions (worker, employer, middle, upper, lower) provides a framework for analyzing power dynamics and socio-economic relationships, it can also oversimplify the diverse experiences and realities of individuals during this time period.

For example, the Industrial Revolution saw significant social mobility as new opportunities emerged in urban centers. Many individuals were able to move between different "classes" through entrepreneurship, education, and other means. Additionally, the rise of industrial capitalism blurred traditional class boundaries, as some workers were able to accumulate wealth and become employers themselves.

Furthermore, the experiences of women and children in the workforce during this period challenge the traditional class framework. Women and children often worked in factories alongside men, but their roles and experiences were distinct from those of adult male workers. Their contributions to the labor force were often undervalued and their working conditions were particularly harsh.

Moreover, the Industrial Revolution also brought about significant cultural and intellectual changes. The emergence of new social and political ideologies, as well as the impact of technological advancements, further complicated traditional class divisions.

Therefore, while the notions of "class" can provide a starting point for understanding the Industrial Revolution, they may not fully capture the complexities and nuances of this transformative period in history. It is important to consider a wide range of factors, including gender, age, mobility, and ideology, in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the era.

Question 3

Discuss and trace the role of the factory in the early Industrial Revolution.What made the factory system possible? What impact did it have on the lives of workers, especially on women and children?

Answer 3

not answered

Question 4

IDENTIFICATIONS
cotton industry

Question 5

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Richard Arkwright's water frame

Question 6

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Industrial Revolution

Question 7

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canals

Question 8

Discus the impact of the early Industrial Revolution upon the family, the role of women, and the living and working conditions of the industrial workers?

Question 9

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the cottage system

Question 10

Discuss the concept of the 'middle-class' and its relation to the Industrial Revolution.

Question 11

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agricultural revolution

Question 12

Did governments do more to promote the interests of workers or of employers, and why?

Question 13

How are changes in population growth and the development of urbanization related to the Industrial Revolution?

Question 14

Can it be argued that the Industrial Revolution provided a net benefit for Western Civilization during the early decades of its emergence?

Question 15

IDENTIFICATIONS
Samuel Crompton's mule

Question 16

Assume that you are a small landowner who lost his land due to economic changes in the British countryside.In a brief essay, explain your changed position and lifestyle as you and your family move to Manchester to gain employment in one of the new factories.

Question 17

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?

Question 18

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James Hargreaves' spinning jenny

Question 19

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coal and coke

Question 20

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hand-loom weavers

Question 21

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tariffs

Question 22

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the factory

Question 23

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Ireland and the potato

Question 24

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puddling

Question 25

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the Great Famine

Question 26

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railroads

Question 27

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the Crystal Palace

Question 28

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Richard Trevithick

Question 29

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industrial factory

Question 30

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joint-stock companies

Question 31

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George Stephenson's Rocket

Question 32

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Henry Cort

Question 33

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India's cotton cloth production

Question 34

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the American system

Question 35

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James Watt and the rotary engine

Question 36

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steamboats

Question 37

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suburbs

Question 38

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factory discipline

Question 39

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preindustrial workers

Question 40

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Great Exhibition of 1851

Question 41

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the London Working Men's Association

Question 42

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domestic servants

Question 43

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Chartism and the People's Charter

Question 44

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the Poor Law of 1834

Question 45

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factory acts

Question 46

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child labor

Question 47

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the workhouse

Question 48

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the Amalgamated Society of Engineers

Question 49

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Luddites

Question 50

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working class

Question 51

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trade unions

Question 52

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new elites

Question 53

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Robert Owen

Question 54

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the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union

Question 55

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Britain's Poor Law Commission

Question 56

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Ten Hours Act of 1847

Question 57

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Coal Mines Act of 1842

Question 58

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cholera

Question 59

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Edwin Chadwick

Question 60

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bourgeoisie

Question 61

The development of the railroads in the Industrial Revolution was important in

A) increasing British supremacy in civil and mechanical engineering.
B) increasing the size of markets and the price of goods.
C) bringing about the demise of joint-stock companies.
D) defeating Napoleon.
E) making London a great port city.

Question 62

The infrastructure advantages in Britain promoting rapid industrialization included all of the following except

A) canals.
B) roads.
C) bridges.
D) internal customs posts.
E) railroads.

Question 63

Britain's cotton industry in the late eighteenth century

A) could not keep up with French textile production.
B) was inspired by the textile industry found in the United States.
C) declined due to the lack of technical innovation.
D) immediately declined with the success of the Industrial Revolution.
E) was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories.

Question 64

One of the chief reasons why Europe initially lagged behind England in industrialization was a lack of

A) banking facilities.
B) roads and means of transportation.
C) manpower.
D) capital for investment.
E) lack of intellect.

Question 65

Which one of the following allowed steam engines to be located away from rivers?

A) They were small and hence portable.
B) Water could be brought to them by irrigation channels.
C) They ran on coal.
D) They ran on oil.
E) a and b

Question 66

The success of the steam engine in the Industrial Revolution made Britain dependent upon

A) timber.
B) coal.
C) water power.
D) electricity.
E) copper.

Question 67

A frequent method employed to make the many very young boys and girls working in new British industries obey the owner's factory discipline was

A) the promise of increased wages.
B) bribes of candy.
C) heavy fines for lost time.
D) lectures and schooling in the rules to parents.
E) repeated beatings.

Question 68

The rise of the industrial factory system deeply affected the lives and status of workers who now

A) were often paid in kind.
B) no longer owned the means of economic production and could only sell their labor for a wage.
C) were less vulnerable to more rapid cycles of economic boom and bust.
D) got both good wages and many fringe benefits unknown before.
E) became serfs, legally tied to factories.

Question 69

James Watt was vital to the Industrial Revolution for his invention of

A) the spinning jenny.
B) the mule-powered Newcomen engine.
C) a rotary engine that could spin and weave cotton.
D) the first steam-powered locomotive.
E) the power loom.

Question 70

In 1804, Richard Trevithick pioneered

A) an oil-fired locomotive.
B) the steering wheel for trains.
C) the first steam-powered locomotive on an industrial rail line.
D) the first electric-powered locomotive for military use.
E) the motion-picture camera.

Question 71

The Industrial Revolution in Britain was largely inspired by

A) the urgent need to solve the great poverty in the eighteenth century.
B) the failure of the cottage industry.
C) entrepreneurs who sought and accepted the new profitable manufacturing methods.
D) the industrialization of the Dutch and French.
E) the economic and technological needs engendered by the French Revolution.

Question 72

Textile workers in which of the following countries, formerly dependent on such work, could no longer compete with British cotton produced with the aid of steam engines?

A) India.
B) America.
C) France.
D) Algeria.
E) Russia.

Question 73

The first step toward the Industrial Revolution in Britain occurred within its

A) cotton textile industry.
B) wool textile industry.
C) iron industry.
D) railroad industry.
E) mining industry.

Question 74

Britain's Great Exhibition of 1851 was held

A) ironically, in New York City.
B) at Kensington Palace.
C) in the newly built Crystal Palace.
D) at scattered locations across England and Wales.
E) in the basement of Parliament.

Question 75

The Englishman Henry Cort was responsible for the process in iron smelting known as

A) puddling.
B) cottling.
C) the open hearth.
D) skimming.
E) corking.

Question 76

Britain's emergence as the first industrial power was aided by all of the following except

A) a rapid population growth and a surplus pool of labor.
B) the agricultural revolution of the eighteenth century.
C) a ready supply of domestic and colonial markets.
D) Parliament's heavy and controlling involvement in private enterprise.
E) a developed financial system.

Question 77

The Industrial Revolution had its beginnings in

A) France.
B) Belgium.
C) Prussia.
D) the United States.
E) Great Britain.

Question 78

The new set of values established by factory owners during the Industrial Revolution

A) was rejected by evangelical religions as being "unchristian."
B) was basically a continuation from the cottage industry system.
C) was never adopted by the working class.
D) relegated the worker to a life of harsh discipline and the rigors of competitive wage labor.
E) was inspired by the examples of Belgium and France.

Question 79

The spinning jenny was invented by

A) James Hargreaves.
B) James Watts.
C) Benjamin Franklin.
D) Richard Arkwright.
E) Matthew Boulton.

Question 80

Which of the following inventions proved vital to the industrialization of British cotton manufacturing?

A) Arkwright's spinning frame.
B) Hargreaves' spinning jenny.
C) Cartwright's power loom.
D) a and b
E) all of the above