Deck 6: A: Punishment

Question 1

Nicole is caught lying to her parents and loses her driving privileges.As a result,Nicole no longer lies to her parents.This is an example of:​

A) ​positive punishment
B) ​negative reinforcement
C) ​negative punishment
D) ​extinction

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In behavior modification,a punisher is defined by its:​

A) ​effect on the behavior it follows
B) ​intended purpose
C) ​effect on the behavior it precedes
D) ​severity

Answer 2

A

Question 3

If a behavior occurs and it is immediately followed by a consequence that makes the behavior less likely to occur in the future it is called:​

A) ​negative reinforcement
B) ​extinction
C) ​punishment
D) ​none of these

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A consequence can be considered a punisher if the:​

A) ​consequence appears unfavorable
B) ​behavior decreases temporarily
C) ​behavior decreases in the future
D) ​consequence is extreme

Question 5

Punishment does not involve an extinction burst.

Question 6

Punishment can sometimes increase behavior in the future.

Question 7

Punishment can be defined by whether the consequence appears unfavorable or unpleasant.

Question 8

The behavior modification definition of punishment can be quite different than a nonprofessional definition of punishment.

Question 9

Andrew was removed from class because he swore at his teacher.As a result of being removed from class activities,Andrew continues to swear at his teacher.This is an example of:​

A) ​positive punishment
B) ​negative punishment
C) ​positive reinforcement
D) ​none of the above

Question 10

The word "no" is an unconditioned punisher for most people.

Question 11

Negative punishment involves the delivery of a negative stimulus following the behavior.

Question 12

Punishment is a process that decreases or weakens a behavior.

Question 13

Andrew was removed from class because he swore at his teacher.As a result of being removed from class activities,Andrew never swears at his teacher again.This is an example of:​

A) ​positive punishment
B) ​extinction
C) ​negative punishment
D) ​negative reinforcement

Question 14

​Bill spits on an umpire during a baseball game and is suspended for ten games.As a result of being suspended,Bill never spits on an umpire again.Being suspended for his behavior of spitting is referred to as a:

A) ​reinforcer
B) punisher
C) ​punishment
D) ​conditioned response

Question 15

In behavior modification,the term punishment is used to refer to a process in which the consequence of a behavior results in:​

A) ​retribution for the behavior
B) ​a weakening of the behavior
C) ​retaliation for the behavior
D) ​all of these

Question 16

For punishment to be most effective,the consequences must follow the behavior immediately.

Question 17

For punishment to be most effective,the behavior should be followed by a punisher every time it occurs.

Question 18

Positive punishment involves the removal of a positive stimulus following the behavior.

Question 19

Which procedure(s)decreases a behavior or makes it less likely to occur?​

A) ​positive punishment
B) ​positive reinforcement
C) ​negative reinforcement
D) ​A and C

Question 20

A more intense punisher will be less effective.

Question 21

Which of the following factors influences the effectiveness of punishment?​

A) ​immediacy
B) ​contingency
C) ​motivating operations
D) ​all of these

Question 22

Whenever Tommy hits his little brother,he loses his television privileges.Tommy never loses his television privileges for any other behavior.This is an example of a(an)____________ existing between hitting his little brother and losing his television privileges.​

A) ​establishing operation
B) ​contingency
C) ​schedule
D) ​correlation

Question 23

The removal of a stimulus following the behavior that influences the future probability of the behavior is a process that is either ____________ or ____________.​

A) ​positive punishment ;positive reinforcement
B) ​negative punishment ;negative reinforcement
C) ​positive reinforcement ;negative punishment
D) ​negative reinforcement ;positive punishment

Question 24

Which of the following may function as a motivating operation?​

A) ​deprivation
B) ​satiation
C) ​instructions
D) ​all of these

Question 25

If following the behavior,the reinforcer that was maintaining the behavior is removed and the behavior decreases it is called ____________.If a positive reinforcer the person had already acquired is removed following the behavior and the behavior decreases it is called ____________.​

A) ​extinction;negative punishment
B) ​negative punishment;extinction
C) ​negative reinforcement;negative punishment
D) ​extinction;negative reinforcement

Question 26

Which of the following can become a conditioned punisher?​

A) ​the word "no"
B) ​threats
C) ​facial expressions
D) ​all of these

Question 27

Individual differences in the effectiveness of punishment refers to the fact that:​

A) ​punishers vary from person to person
B) ​a more intense stimulus will be more effective
C) ​A and B
D) ​none of these

Question 28

Sam skips school so that he can play video games at the arcade.Sam's parents find him there and make him mow the lawn when they get home.As a result of having to mow the lawn,Sam doesn't skip school to go to the arcade anymore.Having to do something he dislikes as punisher for the problem behavior is an example of:​

A) ​extinction
B) ​negative punishment
C) ​negative reinforcement
D) ​the Premack Principle

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?​

A) ​time-out from positive reinforcement
B) ​time-out from negative reinforcement
C) ​response cost
D) ​A and C

Question 30

Zach comes home past his curfew and is yelled at by his parents.If,as a result of being yelled at,Zach never comes home late again it would be an example of ____________.​

A) ​positive punishment
B) ​positive reinforcement
C) ​negative punishment
D) ​negative reinforcement

Question 31

In behavior modification,if a stimulus is presented following the behavior and it influences the future probability of the behavior,the process is either ____________ or ____________.​

A) ​negative reinforcement ;negative punishment
B) ​positive reinforcement ;positive punishment
C) ​positive reinforcement ;negative reinforcement
D) ​positive punishment ;negative punishment

Question 32

Extreme cold and extreme levels of auditory stimulation are examples of:​

A) ​conditioned punishers
B) ​conditioned reinforcers
C) ​unconditioned punishers
D) ​unconditioned reinforcers

Question 33

In behavior modification,negative punishment involves removal of a reinforcer that:​

A) ​was maintaining the behavior
B) ​the client doesn't like
C) ​the person had already acquired
D) ​none of these

Question 34

The principles of reinforcement and punishment are alike in that:​

A) ​behavior is followed by a consequence
B) ​the consequence influences future behavior
C) ​behavior is strengthened
D) ​A and B

Question 35

The difference between punishment and reinforcement is that in punishment:​

A) ​a stimulus is removed following behavior
B) ​a stimulus is presented following behavior
C) ​the behavior decreases in the future
D) ​the behavior increases in the future

Question 36

Time-out from positive reinforcement and response cost both:​

A) ​involve the loss of access to reinforcers
B) ​strengthen a behavior
C) ​involve the presentation of an aversive stimulus
D) ​are examples of negative reinforcement

Question 37

In order for punishment to be effective,the consequence should follow the behavior closely in time.This factor is referred to as:​

A) ​immediacy
B) ​contingency
C) ​characteristics of the consequences
D) ​time delay

Question 38

If a stimulus needs to be paired with an established punisher in order to function as a punisher it is referred to as a(n):​

A) ​conditioned punisher
B) ​conditioned reinforcer
C) ​unconditioned punisher
D) ​unconditioned reinforcer

Question 39

Nikki interrupts her parents when they are talking and her parents scold her and explain why interrupting is rude.As a result,Nikki continues to interrupt her parents when they are talking.This is an example of:​

A) ​positive punishment
B) ​negative reinforcement
C) ​positive reinforcement
D) ​none of these

Question 40

A conditioned punisher is established by​

A) ​pairing a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer
B) ​following the behavior with a punisher
C) ​pairing a neutral stimulus with a punisher
D) ​removing a reinforcer for the behavior

Question 41

An unconditioned punisher is .

Question 42

Punishment is defined as_________________ .

Question 43

Nicholas used to come home late for supper until his parents started to take away a dollar of his allowance every time he was late.Nicholas' behavior of coming home late decreased to zero.This is an example of what form of negative punishment? .

Question 44

Punishment by withdrawal is another name for _______________ punishment.

Question 45

Describe how the use of punishment can be negatively reinforcing.

Question 46

How does positive punishment differ from negative punishment?

Question 47

Punishment by application is another name for _______________ punishment.

Question 48

When a punisher is delivered following a target behavior,the target behavior will __________ in the future.

Question 49

A is a consequence that follows a behavior,making the behavior less likely to occur in the future.

Question 50

The Premack principle applied to punishment is defined as _______________.

Question 51

Define punishment.

Question 52

_______________ is the process in which a stimulus is delivered following a behavior and the behavior decreases in the future.

Question 53

Describe the difference between negative punishment and extinction.

Question 54

A conditioned punisher is_______________ .

Question 55

The difference between positive and negative punishment is whether the consequence of the behavior involves the or of a stimulus.

Question 56

_______________ is the process in which a stimulus is removed following a behavior and the behavior decreases in the future.

Question 57

Provide an example of positive punishment and an example of negative punishment.

Question 58

List 4 factors that influence the effectiveness of punishment.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a problem with using punishment in behavior modification?​

A) ​it can lead to escape behaviors
B) ​it may evoke emotional reactions
C) ​it may be negatively reinforcing
D) ​it is used to harm individuals

Question 60

Time out is an example of punishment.