Deck 2: Biological Foundations of Child Development

Question 1

Phenalanine

A) is an amino acid.
B) is found in many foods.
C) must be broken down by enzymes or disability will occur.
D) all of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

"Normal" is

A) average
B) complex
C) a setting on a washing machine
D) what most people aspire to

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Who will heal the quickest from an injury?

A) Bill, who is 3.
B) Bob, who is 23.
C) David, who is 43.
D) Jerry, who is 63.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The first state to require all newborns to be tested for PKU was

A) Tennessee.
B) Massachusetts.
C) California.
D) New York.

Question 5

Gametes are

A) body cells.
B) sex cells.
C) skin cells.
D) brain cells.

Question 6

How many elements make up 99% of our bodies?

A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 22

Question 7

Somatic cells are

A) body
B) sex
C) skin
D) brain

Question 8

RNA

A) is another name for DNA.
B) is not as important as DNA.
C) translates DNA instructions.
D) is a double helix.

Question 9

Cells reproduce more rapidly in

A) old age.
B) middle age.
C) children.
D) the brain.

Question 10

The human body is about _____________ water.

A) 30%
B) 40%
C) 50%
D) 60%

Question 11

The two types of cells are

A) sex and gamete.
B) somatic and gamete.
C) somatic and dermis.
D) gamete and neuronal.

Question 12

DNA is

A) diethylnucleic acid.
B) deneural acid.
C) diribionucleic acid.
D) deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 13

The _____________ controls reproducing the cell.

A) ova
B) soma
C) gametes)
D) cell nucleus

Question 14

What cures PKU?

A) diet
B) enzyme replacement
C) exercise
D) nothing

Question 15

The three main types of RNA are

A) messenger, transfer, chromosomal.
B) messenger, transfer, ribosomal.
C) messenger, interstitial, chromosomal.
D) transfer, ribosomal, transcriber.

Question 16

In what year was PKU testing first legislated?

A) 1973
B) 1965
C) 1963
D) 1964

Question 17

How many states NOW require PKU testing?

A) 25
B) 35
C) 45
D) 50

Question 18

PKU

A) Is a genetic disorder.
B) Is always a cause of mental retardation.
C) is only found in Asian children.
D) has been obliterated.

Question 19

What elements make up most of the body?

A) oxygen, nitrogen, helium, calcium, boric acid
B) oxygen, carbon, melphindium, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus
C) oxygen, calcium, gold, phosphorus, nitrogen, gold
D) oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus

Question 20

How many cells make up the human body?

A) 50-100 trillion
B) 50-100 billion
C) 100-200 billion
D) 100-200 trillion

Question 21

Which of the following is female?

A) XX
B) XY
C) XXY
D) XYY

Question 22

Translation is

A) RNA misreading DNA.
B) making mRNA.
C) writing genetic code.
D) synthesizing proteins with tRNA.

Question 23

If the alleles from both parents are alike,their child will be

A) monozygotic.
B) female.
C) homozygous.
D) heterozygous.

Question 24

Who has the most complicated set of protein-coding genes?

A) dogs
B) people
C) worms
D) bees

Question 25

The best way to get cell protein is to eat a lot of meat.

Question 26

Which is true about sex chromosomes?

A) The X chromosomes carry most of the genetic material.
B) Both boys and girls have several pairs of X and Y chromosomes.
C) X and Y separate into different cells in females.
D) The baby's sex is determined by the presence of an X or Y in the fertilizing sperm.

Question 27

Eye color is an example of

A) a genotype.
B) a phenotype.
C) a karyotype.
D) gametes.

Question 28

Directly observable characteristics are affected by experience and by

A) phenotype.
B) genotype.
C) karyotype.
D) gametes.

Question 29

Turning genes off is

A) causing paralysis in worms.
B) overcoming sperm deformities.
C) improving RNA.
D) curing disease.

Question 30

Cells need _____________ to work.

A) calcium
B) vitamins
C) carbon
D) proteins

Question 31

Twenty-two matching pairs of chromosomes are

A) sex chromosomes.
B) XY.
C) XX.
D) autosomes.

Question 32

A halpogroup is

A) a unique population
B) a hologram of a genome
C) an ancestral genetic clan
D) African heritage

Question 33

______________halves the number of chromosomes in body cells.

A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Osmosis
D) Autosomes

Question 34

Transcription is

A) RNA misreading DNA.
B) making mRNA.
C) writing genetic code.
D) dynthesizing proteins with t RNA.

Question 35

A heterozygous person who has one recessive allele

A) will pass the dominant trait to their children.
B) will pass the recessive trait to their children.
C) may be a carrier of the trait.
D) cannot pass on the trait.

Question 36

The nucleus of a cell contains

A) chromosomes.
B) karyotypes.
C) genotypes.
D) phenotypes.

Question 37

A student's 23rd pair of chromosomes is XY.This person

A) is male.
B) is female.
C) has PKU.
D) has Down syndrome.

Question 38

DNA duplicates during

A) mitosis.
B) meiosis.
C) osmosis.
D) gamete formation.

Question 39

Chromosomes

A) are inherited from the mother.
B) are inherited from the father.
C) always come in matched pairs.
D) store and transmit genetic information.

Question 40

Who has the most genes according to the Human Genome Project?

A) dogs
B) people
C) roundworms
D) All are equal.

Question 41

Who has the highest probability of having a child with Down syndrome?

A) 15-year-old Jill
B) 24-year-old Judy
C) 35-year-old Sarah
D) 43-year-old Betty

Question 42

How your genes are expressed is called your

A) phenotype.
B) genotype.
C) alleles.
D) autosomes.

Question 43

Fragile X syndrome

A) is a major inherited cause of mental retardation.
B) is a type of polygenic inheritance.
C) occurs with a RNA mutation.
D) occurs more frequently with females.

Question 44

Which sex chromosome carries more genes?

A) male
B) female
C) Both are the same.
D) No one knows for sure.

Question 45

Examples of X-linked recessive conditions include all of the following except

A) Duchene muscular dystrophy.
B) Down syndrome.
C) hemophilia.
D) red-green color blindness.

Question 46

Which of the following is true about sex differences?

A) Miscarriage of girls is more common, and birth defects are more common in boys.
B) Rates of miscarriage and birth defects are higher for boy fetuses.
C) Rates of miscarriage and birth defects are higher for girl fetuses.
D) A total of 106 girls are born worldwide for every 100 boys.

Question 47

Down syndrome often results from

A) an extra chromosome.
B) an error during mitosis.
C) a broken piece of the 21st chromosome.
D) failure of the 21st pair of chromosomes separating during meiosis.

Question 48

The Smiths' doctor told them that their child will be born with the most common chromosomal disorder,which is

A) Turner's
B) Down
C) Fragile X
D) Klinefelter's

Question 49

The average life expectancy of someone in the United States is about

A) 18.
B) 35.
C) 42.
D) 78 This statistic is not mentioned in the text. Current CDC estimate is 78 years on average in the U.S.

Question 50

Who might have had Marfan syndrome?

A) Napoleon
B) a horse jockey
C) Abraham Lincoln
D) a dwarf

Question 51

Which of the following is due to dominant alleles?

A) hemophilia
B) Huntington's disease
C) thyroid disease
D) anemia

Question 52

When a harmful allele is carried on the X chromosome,

A) males are most likely to be affected.
B) females are most likely to be affected.
C) 50% of females will be affected.
D) 50% of males will be affected.

Question 53

People most likely to have sickle cell anemia are

A) Caucasian.
B) of African descent.
C) European.
D) Asian.

Question 54

Trisomy 21 is better known as

A) hemophilia.
B) Duchene muscular dystrophy.
C) Klinefelter's syndrome.
D) Down syndrome.

Question 55

The recessive allele is

A) expressed.
B) hidden.
C) contagious.
D) an enzyme.

Question 56

Co-dominance occurs in

A) blood type.
B) dominant genes.
C) recessive genes.
D) Down syndrome.

Question 57

Which gender has more sex-linked inherited disorders?

A) male
B) female
C) Both are the same.
D) No one knows.

Question 58

Chromosomal abnormalities are caused by too many chromosomes.

Question 59

Why do males have more sex-linked inherited disorders?

A) because they have a matched pair of sex chromosomes
B) because they have an unmatched pair of sex chromosomes
C) because men are more fragile
D) because females are hardier

Question 60

Anna has Turner's syndrome.She has an)_____________chromosome.

A) extra X
B) missing X
C) missing Y
D) extra Y

Question 61

Turner's syndrome occurs most often in

A) males.
B) females.
C) both sexes equally.
D) neither males or females; it has been eradicated.

Question 62

The geneotype -environmental correlation suggests that

A) genes influence response to the environment.
B) genes and environment work to reinforce each other in their interactions .
C) the environments we are exposed to determine which genes are expressed in our phenotype.
D) heredity restricts the development of some behaviors to few outcomes.

Question 63

How the genotype sets the upper and lower limits for possible outcomes is known as

A) niche picking.
B) canalization.
C) active effect.
D) range of reaction.

Question 64

Which of the following groups does the most niche picking?

A) infants
B) toddlers
C) preschoolers
D) teens

Question 65

People with Down syndrome are also at risk for other serious physical disorders.

Question 66

The relationship between environment and heredity is

A) one way.
B) bidirectional.
C) strongest for intelligence.
D) measured by heritability estimates.

Question 67

David,a musically talented teen,joins the school band.This is an example of an) _________ genetic-environmental correlation.

A) passive
B) active
C) evocative
D) dynamic

Question 68

Which is more important,nature or nurture?

A) nature
B) nurture
C) both
D) neither

Question 69

Baby Betsye has a healthy diet,which yields new neural connections that change gene expression.This leads to new gene-environment exchanges,which are an example of

A) niche picking.
B) range of reaction.
C) epigenesis.
D) canalization.

Question 70

Chromosomally,an individual with Turner's syndrome has the following sex chromosomes:

A) XX
B) XY
C) XXY
D) XO

Question 71

Which of the following is strongly canalized?

A) IQ
B) personality
C) motor development
D) emotional development

Question 72

The most common cause of intellectual disability in males is

A) cystic fibrosis.
B) hemophilia.
C) Down syndrome.
D) Fragile X syndrome.

Question 73

Experience-dependent development is

A) dependent on unique opportunities.
B) the same fundamental milestones for all children.
C) reaching predictable milestones.
D) dependent on culture.

Question 74

Niche picking helps us to understand why ____________ report that similar stressful events are influenced by personal actions more often than other pairs.

A) same-sex fraternal twins
B) opposite-sex fraternal twins
C) identical twins
D) two adopted siblings

Question 75

Who should seek genetic counseling?

A) women over 35
B) those who already have a child with a genetic disorder
C) women who have had two or more miscarriages
D) all of the above

Question 76

Most chromosomal defects result from

A) mistakes in mitosis.
B) mistakes in meiosis.
C) somatic mutations.
D) germ-line mutations.

Question 77

Bill is cooperative and attentive,and his parents give him patient responses.Judy is his distractible sister.This is an example of an)_____________genetic-environmental correlation.

A) passive
B) active
C) dynamic
D) evocative

Question 78

The enzyme MAOA has an impact on

A) depression in girls.
B) violent behavior in boys.
C) loving behavior.
D) no emotional impact.

Question 79

According to epigenesis,

A) children's genetic inheritance shapes their responsiveness to the environment.
B) heredity restricts behaviors to a few outcomes.
C) genetics causes people to seek experiences to actualize inborn traits.
D) development is bidirectional.

Question 80

The incidence of Down syndrome increases with

A) the number of alcoholic drinks the mother has while pregnant.
B) exposure to smoking.
C) maternal age.
D) number of deformed sperm.