Deck 8: Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood

Question 1

) The orbitofrontal cortex is involved with

A) connecting the two hemispheres.
B) motor, cognitive, and emotional processes.
C) decision making.
D) following rules, reasoning, and impulse inhibition.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The physical growth of children ____________ between the ages of ________.

A) slows; 0 and 2
B) slows ; 2 and 6
C) slows; 12 and 15
D) increases; 7 and 9

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The best way to get a child to go to bed is

A) to offer bribes.
B) to give the child warm milk.
C) through threats.
D) through consistency and routines.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Children between the ages of 2 and 5 spend about _______ hours sleeping per day.

A) 6-8
B) 8-10
C) 10-12
D) 12-14

Question 5

The anterior cingulate is involved with

A) connecting the two hemispheres.
B) motor, cognitive, and emotional processes.
C) decision making.
D) following rules, reasoning, and impulse inhibition.

Question 6

Toxic stress

A) actually changes the brain adversely.
B) has short-term negative impacts.
C) kills brain cells.
D) causes retardation.

Question 7

Positive stress

A) positively influences the brain.
B) has temporary effects on the brain.
C) has no lasting effects on the brain.
D) has negative effects on the brain.

Question 8

Growth charts and norms

A) estimate skeletal age.
B) are similar around the world.
C) for the United States are not appropriate for every country.
D) vary from child to child.

Question 9

If given a choice between a small piece of candy now or a big piece later,most 3-year-olds will choose

A) the big one.
B) the small one.
C) both.
D) neither.

Question 10

Children are usually ready to begin toilet training between ______ and _______months.

A) 6 and 12
B) 12 and 17
C) 18 and 24
D) 25 and 30

Question 11

Self-regulation is the ability to

A) control the bowels.
B) inhibit speech.
C) change behavior based on the situation.
D) express thoughts.

Question 12

Which develops more quickly during early childhood?

A) genitals and body size
B) leg and arm length
C) intestines and heart size
D) brain and lymph system

Question 13

The mental process that regulates and coordinates goal-directed behavior and inhibits impulses is called

A) self-regulation.
B) executive function.
C) maturity.
D) anterior cingulated.

Question 14

Childhood stress can be classified as

A) negative, acceptable, normal.
B) positive, tolerable, toxic.
C) negative, average, lethal.
D) positive, normal, radical.

Question 15

"Sensitive Periods" occur more often during

A) the school years.
B) preschool years.
C) toddlerhood.
D) infancy.

Question 16

The prefrontal cortex is involved with

A) connecting the two hemispheres.
B) motor, cognitive, and emotional processes.
C) decision making.
D) following rules, reasoning, and impulse inhibition.

Question 17

During early child hood,the brain becomes

A) less differentiated.
B) more differentiated.
C) pruned.
D) wrinkled.

Question 18

During early childhood,children gain about _______pounds per year and _______ inches to their height.

A) 8; 1 to 2
B) 8; 3 to 4
C) 5; 2 to 3
D) 5; 5 to 6

Question 19

A good predictor of malnourishment is the

A) circumference of the child's head.
B) child's weight.
C) child's height.
D) circumference of the child's upper arm.

Question 20

What accounts for individual variations in height and size across populations?

A) gene-environment interactions
B) poverty
C) access to food supply
D) exercise and nutrition

Question 21

The children most likely to have behavior and learning problems are those exposed to __________ in childhood.

A) tolerable stress
B) positive stress
C) toxic stress
D) pleasurable stress

Question 22

What is the type of prevention that focuses on detecting,diagnosing,and treating disease in the earliest stages?

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 23

Plasticity is

A) the ability of young brains to neurally rewire.
B) the consistency of a child's brain.
C) the elasticity of the skin.
D) a new form of play-dough.

Question 24

An example of primary prevention is

A) vision screening.
B) physical therapy.
C) asthma management.
D) wearing a bike helmet.

Question 25

An example of secondary prevention is

A) immunizations.
B) hearing screening.
C) wearing a helmet.
D) asthma management.

Question 26

An example of tertiary prevention is

A) establishing early intervention programs.
B) providing access to good nutrition.
C) stopping the spread of communicable diseases.
D) providing knee and elbow pads.

Question 27

Which of these is the most

A) taking on and off clothes
B) zippers
C) snaps
D) tying shoes

Question 28

All special needs are apparent right after birth.

Question 29

Proximodistal means

A) head to toe.
B) near to far.
C) inside to outside.
D) bottom to top.

Question 30

Sensitivity to a food due to the lack of digestive enzymes is known as

A) food allergy.
B) food intolerance.
C) gluten problem.
D) anaphylaxis.

Question 31

Substances required by the body in very small amounts are called

A) vitamins.
B) nutrients.
C) antibodies.
D) micronutrients.

Question 32

The sequence of writing and drawing skills proceeds in this order:

A) copying, prewriting, , symbols
B) early figures, scribbles, symbols
C) prewriting, scribbles, figures
D) scribbles, copying, symbols

Question 33

An example of a developmental screening test is the

A) TONI.
B) WISC.
C) Bayley.
D) Denver.

Question 34

The difference in gross and fine motor skills are that gross motor skills involve ______motor movements and fine motor involve _______motor movements.

A) arm; leg
B) large; small
C) small; large
D) head; body

Question 35

What is the type of prevention that focuses on health promotion and the prevention of specific diseases and injuries?

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 36

Our nation's economic security and viability are dependent on

A) the next election.
B) overcoming poverty.
C) providing more jobs.
D) raising children with healthy brains.

Question 37

The best way to introduce a new food to a preschooler is

A) not giving them any other foods until they try it.
B) staying at the table until they taste it.
C) repeatedly presenting it at a family meal.
D) using force.

Question 38

Tolerable stress

A) permanently impacts brain structure.
B) impacts the brain but can be reversed with support.
C) has no impact.
D) is normal in society.

Question 39

What is the type of health prevention that focuses on slowing the progress of a disease by limiting its disabling complications?

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 40

Developmental screenings are used to identify children who are

A) cognitively advanced.
B) delayed.
C) asthmatic .
D) chronically ill.

Question 41

An immune response to a particular food is called

A) food allergy.
B) food intolerance.
C) gluten problem.
D) anaphylaxis.

Question 42

Which of the following is true?

A) Bribes are effective in getting kids to eat healthy food in the long run.
B) Children should eat the same number of calories at every meal.
C) Children who get fruit juice or soda may avoid milk.
D) Favorite food restrictions work best.

Question 43

The leading cause of death for children around the world is

A) malaria.
B) encephalitis.
C) chronic diarrhea.
D) cancer.

Question 44

Anaphylaxis is

A) a nonpreventative herbal medicine.
B) a life-threatening allergic response.
C) a prescription medicine.
D) outgrown.

Question 45

Undernourished children

A) are picky eaters and they deserve to be undernourished.
B) are underweight, thin, and short.
C) live in a food desert.
D) are only found in third world countries.

Question 46

Sammy,age 5,will only eat chicken nuggets,bread,and noodles.Which of the following would you suggest his parents adopt to help Sammy try new foods?

A) Repeatedly present the new food without pressure to comply.
B) Add sugar to the new food so he will like it.
C) Allow him no noodles until he tastes a new food.
D) Give him dessert for eating a new food!

Question 47

Preschoolers like to be

A) difficult.
B) chaotic.
C) helpful.
D) negative.

Question 48

Between ages 4 and 8,children need between ____ and ______ calories per day.

A) 1000; 1400
B) 1400; 1600
C) 1600; 1800
D) 1800; 2000

Question 49

Symptoms of milk intolerance include

A) hives and fever.
B) facial rash.
C) gas, vomiting, and diarrhea.
D) avoidance and binging.

Question 50

Most food allergies can traced to about eight foods.

Question 51

During early childhood,

A) children eat the same quantity at each meal.
B) appetite increases.
C) children need whole milk.
D) the home environment influences food preferences.

Question 52

It is rare in this day and age for children to suffer from undernutrition.

Question 53

Which child is healthier?

A) Joe, who eats chips, crackers, and milk
B) Sam, who eats beef burgers, fries, and coke
C) Ben, who eats chicken nuggets, grape juice, and macaroni
D) Andy, who eats apples, peanut butter, and skim milk.

Question 54

Between 1997 and 2007,the prevalence of children's food allergies has

A) decreased.
B) increased.
C) stayed the same.
D) It depends on the child.

Question 55

David's parents will not allow him to have any food with sugar.This will

A) make him choose healthy food.
B) make him focus on the sugary foods.
C) have no effect.
D) decrease his desire to eat sugary foods.

Question 56

Children will never outgrow allergies to

A) milk and eggs.
B) peanuts and tree nuts.
C) fish and shell fish.
D) soy and wheat.

Question 57

A poor diet

A) has no relation to childhood disease.
B) causes childhood diseases.
C) makes children more susceptible to disease.
D) is not a major contributor to disease.

Question 58

Food intolerance occurs

A) in everyone.
B) with picky eaters.
C) in overeaters.
D) if the digestive system lacks a digestive enzyme.

Question 59

Joey has a peanut allergy.His parents should

A) desensitize him by giving him peanuts at home.
B) spread peanut butter on his arms.
C) have him handle raw peanuts.
D) have him avoid peanuts and peanut products altogether.

Question 60

Women can prevent most of their offspring's food allergies by

A) avoiding allergy-producing foods while pregnant.
B) not giving allergy-producing foods to infants.
C) not breast feeding.
D) They can't prevent them.

Question 61

What happens if a child does not get enough calcium?

A) Nothing will happen.
B) The child will be short.
C) The body will break down bones and teeth to get it.
D) The child will die.

Question 62

Obesity is a form of malnutrition:

Question 63

Martha wants to buy healthy foods for her family when she goes to the supermarket,so she should

A) stay in the outside aisles.
B) shop in the center aisles.
C) only go to organic farmers for food.
D) make a shopping list.

Question 64

Julie's mom had her begin receiving vaccinations in her first months of life.She did this because she knows

A) Julie's immune system is developing and it will make her less vulnerable to disease.
B) insurance pays to vaccinate babies.
C) the pain response is not fully developed and it will cause less pain now than if she waits until she is older.
D) this action will desensitize her to needles so she won't have a phobia about them.

Question 65

Obesity is

A) not a problem because children grow out of it.
B) a major health risk.
C) only a problem in the United States.
D) culturally defined.

Question 66

Urban food deserts exist because

A) they only have fast-food restaurants.
B) there are no large grocery stores.
C) of race and class.
D) they have to shop on foot.

Question 67

Undernutrition accounts for more than _______ of the 8.8 million deaths of children under 5 years of age worldwide.

A) one-fourth
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) three quarters

Question 68

An acquired immunity is

A) passed down from the parents.
B) the first level of the body's response to infection.
C) when the immune system can identify a threat and produce antibodies to destroy it.
D) only in force after the affected person had the disease.

Question 69

Pathogens are

A) genetics that produce deformities.
B) disease-causing organisms.
C) results from dirty doorknobs.
D) only found in mucous membranes.

Question 70

A food desert is

A) a food-sparse area in the sub-Saharan region.
B) a reward for eating healthy foods.
C) in poverty-stricken areas.
D) any area where residents have limited access to supermarkets that sell a variety of foods.

Question 71

Undernutrition adversely impacts a child reaching his or her full developmental potential.

Question 72

What substance stimulates antibody production to fight disease?

A) immunity
B) vaccine
C) herd immunity
D) pathogen

Question 73

Some parents do not get their child vaccinated

A) because it is too expensive.
B) for religious reasons.
C) because they didn't get vaccinated and they are fine.
D) All of the above

Question 74

Immunizations are

A) good because they prevent disease and death.
B) bad because they cause autism.
C) bad because they hurt children.
D) good because the child bonds with the pediatrician.

Question 75

Who is most likely to suffer from undernutrition?

A) Bob, who lives in Kansas
B) Juan, who lives in Mexico
C) Karoliina, who lives in Finland
D) La-a, who lives in the Sudan.

Question 76

Food insecurity is

A) an anxiety disorder.
B) having insufficient food for your next meal.
C) outgrown in adulthood.
D) an issue with finicky toddlers.

Question 77

The difference in overweight and obesity is

A) cultural norms.
B) actual pounds.
C) body mass index.
D) There is no difference.

Question 78

A vaccine contains

A) a live virus.
B) blood from a previously infected person.
C) epinephrine.
D) a harmless version of a particular pathogen.

Question 79

Herd immunity exists

A) when cattle are vaccinated.
B) when 80 to 95% of a community has been vaccinated.
C) is different from community immunity.
D) in third world countries.

Question 80

Overnutrition is defined as

A) too much protein in the diet.
B) too many calories in the diet.
C) too many vitamins in the diet.
D) too many micronutrients in the diet.