Deck 13: The Crisis Over Slavery, 1848-1860

Question 1

__________ helped make the Midwest the breadbasket of the nation.

A) Improved agricultural efficiency
B) Government land grants
C) Low taxes
D) Strict regulations

Answer 1

Improved agricultural efficiency

Question 2

Which of the following helps explain the prosperity of southern plantations in the mid-nineteenth century?

A) high prices for cotton on the world market
B) acquisition of new territory by the United States
C) continual importation of African slaves
D) growing diversification in farming and production of natural resources

Answer 2

high prices for cotton on the world market

Question 3

Increasingly, northern critics described the South as a land of __________.

A) unalloyed poverty
B) economic extremes
C) ignorance and sloth
D) misogyny and hate

Answer 3

economic extremes

Question 4

In 1853, the United States acquired 30,000 square miles of territory from __________ in the Gadsden Purchase.

A) Russia
B) Mexico
C) Britain
D) Spain

Question 5

Joaquin Murrieta and his men ___________.

A) sought to defend Catholicism
B) allied themselves with the U.S. government
C) tried to form their own nation
D) raided European American settlements

Question 6

Forced to relocate from the __________ to Indian Territory, the Cherokee sought to rebuild their social and political institutions.

A) Southeast
B) Northeast
C) Southwest
D) Northwest

Question 7

The Black Belt stretched west from __________.

A) Mississippi
B) South Carolina
C) Alabama
D) Georgia

Question 8

The institution of slavery discouraged which of the following?

A) the establishment of regional culture in the South
B) the establishment of large commercial plantations
C) the formation of international trade links
D) immigrants from moving to the South

Question 9

In the 1850s, __________ made up about half of the total southern white population.

A) factory workers
B) merchants and tradesmen
C) planters
D) yeoman farmers

Question 10

How did the United States acquire California?

A) California was purchased from Spain.
B) California was purchased from Britain.
C) California was annexed after its residents rebelled against France.
D) California was acquired in the treaty that ended the Mexican-American War.

Question 11

The lower Midwest had strong cultural ties to __________.

A) Mexico
B) central Europe
C) New England
D) the South

Question 12

In Texas, newly arrived European Americans battled Tejanos __________.

A) for cultural influence
B) over the institution of slavery
C) over religious issues
D) for political and economic supremacy

Question 13

Tejanos were people of Mexican origin or descent living in __________.

A) Texas
B) California
C) Arizona
D) New Mexico

Question 14

Who invented the steel plow?

A) Cyrus McCormick
B) John Deere
C) Robert Fulton
D) Rufus King

Question 15

Which of the following was banned under Indiana's state constitution in the 1850s?

A) migration of free blacks into the state
B) membership in abolitionist organizations
C) the advocacy of voting rights for women
D) discrimination in public accommodations

Question 16

The mechanical reaper patented by __________ helped boost levels of grain production.

A) Cyrus McCormick
B) John Deere
C) Robert Fulton
D) Richard Gatling

Question 17

During the 1850s, __________ grew increasingly important in Texas.

A) commercial farming
B) manufacturing
C) subsistence homesteading
D) silver mining

Question 18

By the 1850s, the Cherokee had established __________ in Indian Territory.

A) a regional bank
B) a state church
C) public schools
D) a standing army

Question 19

In the 1850s, U.S. officials negotiated treaties with various Plains Indian groups in order to __________.

A) allow settlers to pass through Indian Territory unharmed
B) better define the boundaries of reservations
C) secure rights to gold and silver discovered on Indian land
D) adjust annual subsidies paid to Indians

Question 20

Free-labor advocates glorified the __________.

A) family farmer
B) factory owner
C) banker
D) southern planter

Question 21

Boston preacher Maria Stewart denounced the twin evils of __________.

A) racial and gender prejudice
B) alcohol and sloth
C) gambling and fornication
D) ignorance and hunger

Question 22

__________ officially emancipated the last of its slaves in 1846.

A) Massachusetts
B) New Jersey
C) Rhode Island
D) Pennsylvania

Question 23

According to free-labor ideology, workers should __________.

A) all be paid generous wages
B) put aside racial prejudice
C) reap what they sowed
D) unite to form unions

Question 24

The "three-fifths clause" of the Constitution gave disproportionate representation to __________.

A) the slave states
B) New England
C) Ohio and Indiana
D) large states

Question 25

In Leaves of Grass, __________ captured the restlessness of a people on the move.

A) Henry David Thoreau
B) Walt Whitman
C) Herman Melville
D) Ralph Waldo Emerson

Question 26

Henry David Thoreau's Walden focused on __________.

A) social ties
B) race relations
C) politics
D) nature

Question 27

In which of the following regions was there the most support for free-labor ideology?

A) the Caribbean
B) the Lower South
C) New England
D) the Upper South

Question 28

Which of the following spoke at the 1848 Seneca Falls conference?

A) Frederick Douglass
B) Henry Ward Beecher
C) John Brown
D) Catherine Beecher

Question 29

What led many New Englanders to migrate to nearby towns and mill villages and to the West?

A) immigration from southern Europe
B) competition from Midwestern farmers
C) an outbreak of smallpox
D) migrants from the South

Question 30

By 1860, New England's __________ industry was largely mechanized.

A) rum
B) shipbuilding
C) textile
D) fishing

Question 31

In 1848, the Free-Soil party nominated __________ for president.

A) General Zachary Taylor
B) Martin Van Buren
C) John C. Fremont
D) Daniel D. Thompkins

Question 32

According to the Ostend Manifesto, if Spain would not sell __________ to the United States, the United States had a right to seize it.

A) the Philippines
B) Hawaii
C) Guam
D) Cuba

Question 33

Catherine Beecher argued that women's lives should be organized around the principle of __________.

A) self-awareness
B) self-control
C) self-sacrifice
D) self-improvement

Question 34

William Walker sought to __________.

A) set himself up as the president of Nicaragua
B) spark a slave uprising in Virginia
C) corner the world cotton market
D) assassinate President Polk

Question 35

The first conference devoted to the status of __________ was held in 1848 at Seneca Falls, New York.

A) Native Americans
B) slaves
C) free blacks
D) women

Question 36

Under the doctrine of popular sovereignty, the citizens of new states decided __________.

A) whether to permit slavery within their borders
B) who was eligible to vote in their state
C) which parts of the Constitution to accept
D) what their relationship would be to the federal government

Question 37

Why did the Free-Soil party favor the Wilmot Proviso?

A) because the party was antislavery
B) because the party was in favor of territorial expansion
C) because the party favored high tariffs
D) because the party was anti-union

Question 38

The Free-Soil Party's platform included which of the following?

A) voting rights for women
B) federal aid for internal improvements
C) an ambitious foreign policy agenda of territorial expansion
D) the expansion of slavery

Question 39

Which of the following was part of the Compromise of 1850?

A) California entered the Union as a free state.
B) Slavery was outlawed in the territory acquired during the Mexican-American War.
C) The Fugitive Slave Law was repealed.
D) Slavery was banned in Washington, D.C.

Question 40

Which of the following groups wanted no part in American politics in the 1850s?

A) Plains Indians
B) African Americans
C) white women
D) white men

Question 41

What were the key components of the Compromise of 1850?

Question 42

What did the Supreme Court decide in the Dred Scott case? What were the implications of the ruling?

Question 43

Northern abolitionists saw which of the following as part of an aggressive foreign policy designed to extend slavery and thus the influence of the Southern planter class, to all the northern hemisphere?

A) efforts to seize control of Costa Rica
B) President Polk's efforts to purchase Hawaii
C) Commodore Perry's opening of Japan in1853
D) the Ostend Manifesto

Question 44

The Kansas-Nebraska Act required the repeal of part the __________.

A) Missouri Compromise
B) Compromise of 1850
C) Wilmot Proviso
D) Ostend Manifesto

Question 45

What was the objective of John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry?

A) to convince Southerners to rethink their opposition to slavery
B) to push the country into civil war
C) to punish Southerners for killing members of his family
D) to spark a massive slave uprising

Question 46

What political divisions were revealed by the presidential election of 1860?

Question 47

In effect, the ruling in the Dred Scott case __________.

A) declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
B) banned slavery north of Missouri
C) invalidated the Fugitive Slave Law
D) declared the Kansas-Nebraska Act unconstitutional

Question 48

The outcome of the election of 1860 demonstrated which of the following?

A) that opposition to slavery was not confined to the North
B) that Lincoln had considerable support in the South
C) that the country had split into competing regions
D) that the Democrats were more united than the Republicans

Question 49

_____________'s Uncle Tom's Cabin sold more than 300,000 copies within ten months of publication.

A) Harriet Beecher Stowe
B) John Brown
C) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
D) Catherine Beecher

Question 50

What core idea was at the heart of the Republican party?

A) the importance of diversity
B) racial equality
C) opposition to federal intervention in the economy
D) opposition to slavery in the western territories

Question 51

What challenges did Plains Indians face in the 1850s?

Question 52

Why did John Brown lead a murderous raid on a settlement at Pottowatamie Creek in Kansas?

A) in retaliation for a raid by Native Americans
B) in retaliation for an antislavery raid
C) in retaliation for a proslavery raid
D) to spark a slave uprising

Question 53

During the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Lincoln __________.

A) voiced his opposition to the expansion of slavery
B) declared his intent to root out slavery in the South
C) argued in favor of interracial marriage
D) called for war against the South