Deck 5: Biological Concepts

Question 1

The genetic information of an organism is coded within that organism's

A) DNA.
B) carbohydrates.
C) lipids.
D) proteins.
E) cell membranes.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The RNA that brings proteins to the ribosome is called:

A) ribosomal RNA.
B) transfer RNA.
C) messenger RNA.
D) RNA.
E) helper RNA.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Proteins are polymers whose basic chemical units are called:

A) amino acids.
B) polysaccharides.
C) lipids.
D) cellulose.
E) nucleosides.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Carbohydrates contain all the following elements except:

A) carbon.
B) nitrogen.
C) hydrogen.
D) oxygen.

Question 5

Sucrose is composed of:

A) a molecule of glucose and galactose.
B) two molecules of glucose.
C) a molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose.
D) a molecule galactose and fructose.
E) two molecules of fructose.

Question 6

DNA's shape is:

A) a helix.
B) a pentagon.
C) an octahedron.
D) a heptahedron.
E) a scalene triangle.

Question 7

Glucose is a(n):

A) octahedral carbon base.
B) six carbon sugar.
C) heptahedral sugar.
D) five carbon sugar.
E) strong polar ion.

Question 8

DNA contains an organism's genetic material, organized into sequences called:

A) genes.
B) chromosomes.
C) gametes.
D) nuclei.
E) sperm and egg cells.

Question 9

Amino acids are assembled within the cells to form:

A) nucleic acids.
B) triglycerides.
C) phospholipids.
D) polypeptides.
E) DNA.

Question 10

Fats, oils, and waxes are called:

A) sugars.
B) polysaccharides.
C) lipids.
D) proteins.
E) monomers.

Question 11

The hard exterior of crabs and lobsters is:

A) chitin.
B) triglycerides.
C) glycogen.
D) cellulose.
E) based on wax polymers.

Question 12

An organic molecule comprised of linked similar units is called:

A) a sugar.
B) a protein.
C) a polymer.
D) an enzyme.
E) a monomer.

Question 13

The following are all biological molecules utilized in the bodies of marine animals, except

A) chitin.
B) triglycerides.
C) glycogen.
D) cellulose.
E) enzymes.

Question 14

The person who presented a similar theory of evolution to that of Darwin was:

A) Charles Lyle.
B) Alfred Wallace.
C) Thomas Malthus.
D) Alfred Wegener.
E) Robert Ballard.

Question 15

Messenger RNA is:

A) information copied or transcribed from DNA.
B) comprised of rRNA.
C) comprised of tRNA.
D) referenced by DNA.
E) used by cells to communicate with each other.

Question 16

Genetic information is translated into ____, which direct(s) the chemical activity of an organism.

A) DNA
B) carbohydrates
C) lipids
D) proteins
E) inorganic material.

Question 17

Lactose is

A) a disaccharide.
B) an energy source for plants.
C) a polysaccharide.
D) also known as table sugar.
E) a form of starch.

Question 18

The geological evidence that was incorporated by Darwin, which showed that the earth was much older than previously thought, was compiled by

A) Charles Lyell.
B) Alfred Wallace.
C) Thomas Malthus.
D) Alfred Wegener.
E) Steven Jay Gould.

Question 19

A molecule comprised of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group is called:

A) a nucleic acid.
B) a triglyceride.
C) deoxyribonucleic acid.
D) a polypeptide.
E) a carbohydrate.

Question 20

Genes are composed of DNA sequences and are condensed into larger structures called:

A) DNA.
B) proteins.
C) chromosomes.
D) lipids.
E) cell membranes.

Question 21

Plants and algae contain this organelle not found in heterotrophs:

A) nucleus.
B) mitochondria.
C) chloroplasts.
D) flagella.

Question 22

A single-celled diploid eukaryote with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes do the resultant offspring possess?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16

Question 23

Binomial nomenclature uses the following two words in naming organisms:

A) genus and species.
B) kingdom and phylum.
C) family and genus.
D) class and order.
E) order and species.

Question 24

A population of organisms that is reproductively isolated from other populations is considered a:

A) kingdom.
B) phylum.
C) genus.
D) species.
E) class.

Question 25

In eukaryotes the nucleus is duplicated in a process called:

A) binary fusion.
B) meiosis.
C) mitosis.
D) fusion.
E) cloning.

Question 26

The organelles of movement are called:

A) nuclei.
B) chloroplasts.
C) flagella and cilia.
D) mitochondria.
E) cytosol.

Question 27

If a population of short-lived, annually reproducing fish is exposed for several years in a row to a chemical toxin that kills 5% of them each year, what might you expect to happen if the population is re-exposed to the chemical several years later?

A) much higher death rate.
B) lower death rate.
C) about the same death rate.
D) no mortality-they will be immune to the toxin.

Question 28

All types of cells are capable of all of the following EXCEPT:

A) metabolism.
B) movement.
C) growth.
D) reproduction.
E) energy conversion.

Question 29

Groups of the same cell type that serve a particular purpose are called:

A) colonies.
B) organs.
C) organ systems.
D) tissues.
E) functional clusters.

Question 30

Cellular respiration occurs in the

A) nucleus.
B) chloroplasts.
C) flagella.
D) mitochondria.
E) cell membranes.

Question 31

The organelle responsible for radiant energy conversion to chemical energy is called the:

A) nucleus.
B) chloroplasts.
C) mitochondria.
D) flagella.
E) cytosol.

Question 32

The basic living unit of all living organisms is called:

A) tissue.
B) germ plasma.
C) cells.
D) organs.
E) DNA.

Question 33

The occurrence of geographic isolation between two populations will ultimately lead to:

A) sexual dimorphism.
B) allopatric speciation.
C) morphological similarity.
D) sympatric speciation.
E) sexual selection.

Question 34

Which is the proper order of organization?

A) Cells, organs, tissues
B) Cells, tissues, organs
C) Organs, tissues, organs systems
D) Organs, cells, tissues
E) Tissues, organs, cells.

Question 35

Which is not true of a prokaryote cell?

A) it has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
B) it lacks membrane-bound organelles.
C) it is always within a cell wall.
D) it is always single cellular.
E) it lacks chromosomes.

Question 36

Reproduction in prokaryotes is known as:

A) binary fission.
B) meiosis.
C) mitosis.
D) sexual reproduction.
E) spawning.

Question 37

Organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are placed within the domain

A) Archaea.
B) Eubacteria.
C) Prokaryotae.
D) a or b
E) Eukarya.

Question 38

A eukaryote cell has all these features except

A) membrane-bound organelles.
B) it lacks a nucleus.
C) cytosol.
D) it is often associated with other cells to form a multi-cellular organism.
E) numerous chromosomes.

Question 39

All the genes that exist at a given time for a given population are collectively called

A) the gametes.
B) the gene pool.
C) the chromosomes.
D) the nuclei.
E) the population structure.

Question 40

Cytoplasm is comprised of:

A) organelles and cytosol.
B) gametes and organelles.
C) DNA and RNA.
D) gametes and DNA.
E) gametes and RNA.

Question 41

Multicellular animals belong to the kingdom

A) Plantae.
B) Animalia.
C) Prokaryotae.
D) Fungi.

Question 42

Match the description with its most closely associated term.
a.divergent courtship methods
b.spatially separated
c.incompatible copulatory organs
Habitat isolation

Question 43

Match the description with its most closely associated term.
a.alleles switching chromosomes
b.gametes
c.increase in genetic variation
Recombination

Question 44

Match the description with its most closely associated term.
a.alleles switching chromosomes
b.gametes
c.increase in genetic variation
Crossing over

Question 45

Match the description with its most closely associated term.
a.divergent courtship methods
b.spatially separated
c.incompatible copulatory organs
Behavioral isolation

Question 46

Match the description with its most closely associated term.
a.reduction division
b.cell splitting in two
c.nuclear duplication
Binary fission

Question 47

Match the phrase with the most closely associated name.a.binomial nomenclature
b.speciation
c.age of the earth
Charles Lyell

Question 48

Match the phrase with the most closely associated name.a.binomial nomenclature
b.speciation
c.age of the earth
Carl Linnaeus

Question 49

Match the description with its most closely associated term.
a.reduction division
b.cell splitting in two
c.nuclear duplication
Meiosis

Question 50

MATCHING
Match the term on the left with the associated items on the right.
a.glucose & fructose
b.basic fuel for living cells
c.glucose & glucose
Lactose

Question 51

MATCHING
Match the term on the left with the associated items on the right.
a.glucose & fructose
b.basic fuel for living cells
c.glucose & glucose
Sucrose

Question 52

MATCHING
Match the term on the left with the associated items on the right.
a.glucose & fructose
b.basic fuel for living cells
c.glucose & glucose
Glucose

Question 53

The processes of natural selection are non-random and lead to the incorporation of only favorable traits in succeeding generations.

Question 54

The salinity of the environment is a good example of a natural evolutionary selective force.

Question 55

Organisms classified in the same genus share similar characteristics of morphology and are believed to have a common ancestor.

Question 56

The only source of variety and diversity in sexually reproducing organisms is through mutations.

Question 57

Match the description with its most closely associated term.
a.alleles switching chromosomes
b.gametes
c.increase in genetic variation
Sexual reproduction

Question 58

Match the phrase with the most closely associated name.a.binomial nomenclature
b.speciation
c.age of the earth
Charles Darwin

Question 59

Match the description with its most closely associated term.
a.divergent courtship methods
b.spatially separated
c.incompatible copulatory organs
Anatomical isolation

Question 60

Match the description with its most closely associated term.
a.reduction division
b.cell splitting in two
c.nuclear duplication
Mitosis

Question 61

Match the function with the most closely associated cell part.
a.protects DNA
b.energy powerhouse
c.selects what enters the cell
d.propels cell through liquids
Flagella

Question 62

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
b.Eukarya
c.Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya
Protists

Question 63

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.acts on organisms with disadvantages under existing environmental conditions
b.affects generations that are better adapted to existing environmental conditions
c.is unique
Natural selection

Question 64

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.Only populations
b.Only individuals
c.Individuals and populations
Random genetic change

Question 65

What is a gene? How are genes involved in the evolutionary process?

Question 66

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.muscle
b.biological catalysts
c.semi-rigid body parts of animals
Contractile proteins

Question 67

Match the function with the most closely associated cell part.
a.protects DNA
b.energy powerhouse
c.selects what enters the cell
d.propels cell through liquids
Mitochondrion

Question 68

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.muscle
b.biological catalysts
c.semi-rigid body parts of animals
Enzymes

Question 69

Match the function with the most closely associated cell part.
a.protects DNA
b.energy powerhouse
c.selects what enters the cell
d.propels cell through liquids
Nucleus

Question 70

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
b.Eukarya
c.Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya
Domain

Question 71

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.acts on organisms with disadvantages under existing environmental conditions
b.affects generations that are better adapted to existing environmental conditions
c.is unique
Evolution

Question 72

How did the work of Charles Lyell influence Charles Darwin, as he was forming his theory of evolution by natural selection?

Question 73

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.muscle
b.biological catalysts
c.semi-rigid body parts of animals
Structural proteins

Question 74

What processes gave rise to the reproductive isolation between Caribbean and Pacific marine organisms on either side of Central America? Discuss both biotic and abiotic processes in your answer.

Question 75

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
b.Eukarya
c.Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya
Kingdom

Question 76

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.acts on organisms with disadvantages under existing environmental conditions
b.affects generations that are better adapted to existing environmental conditions
c.is unique
Random genetic change

Question 77

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.Only populations
b.Only individuals
c.Individuals and populations
Natural selection

Question 78

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.Only populations
b.Only individuals
c.Individuals and populations
Evolution

Question 79

Match the function with the most closely associated cell part.
a.protects DNA
b.energy powerhouse
c.selects what enters the cell
d.propels cell through liquids
Plasma membrane

Question 80

Briefly describe at least 4 levels of biological organization in organisms.