Deck 4: Water, Waves, and Tides

Question 1

Bases are compounds that do all the following except

A) they bind hydrogen ions.
B) they release hydrogen ions.
C) they are pH 7 or above.
D) they contain more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.
E) they raise pH.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which low energy light wave length is quickly absorbed by water?

A) Red
B) Orange
C) Yellow
D) Green
E) a, b, and c above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Surface tension allows water molecules to do all the following except:

A) transmit light energy.
B) resist evaporation.
C) form a tight surface layer.
D) support small organisms.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Water can mingle with other elements because it is a:

A) heating agent.
B) solvent.
C) solid.
D) vapor.
E) nonpolar molecule.

Question 5

An ion is:

A) a type of gas.
B) an individually charged particle.
C) heavy water.
D) water with an extra hydrogen atom.
E) a neutrally-charged atom.

Question 6

You are SCUBA diving with a friend, who is wearing a red and purple wetsuit. You both descend and conduct your underwater research at 30 m. What color(s) does her wetsuit appear at this depth?

A) black and dark blue.
B) dark blue and purple.
C) dark green and black.
D) dark red and black.

Question 7

Water is unique because its solid phase is ____ the liquid phase.

A) denser than
B) similar to
C) less dense than

Question 8

The specific heat of water is

A) a gram of substance.
B) energy required to raise a gram of substance 1 ^$\circ$ F.
C) calories need to heat seawater.
D) energy required to raise a gram of substance 1 ^$\circ$ C.
E) energy required to evaporate 1 gram of liquid water.

Question 9

In most clear waters, 1% of surface light can penetrate to:

A) 10 m.
B) 20 m.
C) 50 m.
D) 75 m.
E) 100 m.

Question 10

The property of water whereby molecules tend to stick to one another is called:

A) cohesion.
B) polarity.
C) dissolving ability.
D) adhesion.
E) viscosity.

Question 11

The polarity of a water molecule is due to:

A) the greater number of hydrogen atoms relative to oxygen.
B) the uneven attraction of electrons to the oxygen atom.
C) the uneven attraction of electrons to the hydrogen atoms.
D) the uneven attraction of protons to the oxygen atom.
E) the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 12

Hydrogen forces have high attractive forces that allow water to have a high:

A) strength.
B) solubility.
C) freezing point.
D) boiling point.
E) rate of evaporation.

Question 13

The charge of a water molecule is considered:

A) polar.
B) positive.
C) negative.
D) neutral.
E) nonpolar.

Question 14

The property of water whereby molecules tend to stick to objects is called:

A) cohesion.
B) surface tension.
C) dissolving ability.
D) adhesion.
E) viscosity.

Question 15

Which high energy light wave length can penetrate sea water the deepest?

A) Blue
B) Green
C) Violet
D) Red
E) a, b, and c above

Question 16

Hydrogen bonds are the result of attraction between:

A) the H of one water molecule and the H of another water molecule.
B) the two H atoms of the same water molecule.
C) the H and O of the same water molecule.
D) the H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule.

Question 17

Acids are compounds that:

A) can bind hydrogen ions.
B) can release hydrogen ions.
C) are pH 8 or above.
D) contain hydrogen and hydroxide ions equal in number.
E) raise pH.

Question 18

Marine organisms contain ____ % water by mass.

A) 40-50
B) 50-60
C) 60-70
D) 70-80
E) 80-90

Question 19

Light that is absorbed by water is converted to:

A) short wave radiation.
B) long wave radiation.
C) heat.
D) mass.
E) green light.

Question 20

The unique attractive forces that keep molecules of water together are called:

A) strong forces.
B) adhesion.
C) hydrogen bonds.
D) cohesion.
E) weak nuclear forces.

Question 21

The maximum density of pure water occurs at:

A) -2° C.
B) 0° C.
C) 3° C.
D) 4° C.
E) -4° C.

Question 22

The mass of a substance divided by its volume is:

A) heat capacity.
B) surface tension.
C) density.
D) salinity.
E) viscosity.

Question 23

A trace element's concentration is less than a part per

A) thousand.
B) million.
C) billion.
D) trillion.
E) hundred.

Question 24

Seawater is considered buffered due to the presence of:

A) oxygen ions.
B) nitrogen ions.
C) bicarbonate ions.
D) silicon ions.
E) calcium ions.

Question 25

To remove carbon dioxide that is dissolved in seawater, you could ________the water sample.

A) chill
B) increase the pressure of
C) increase the salinity of
D) heat

Question 26

The majority of the heat that is transferred from the earth to the atmosphere is transferred by:

A) radiation of heat into the atmosphere.
B) evaporation of water.
C) absorption by the lithosphere.
D) reflection of heat into space.

Question 27

The salinity of seawater at the poles is:

A) high due to evaporation.
B) low due to precipitation.
C) high due to freezing.
D) low due to river input.
E) similar to the open ocean.

Question 28

Water's pH is considered neutral when:

A) hydrogen can be bound.
B) hydrogen can be released.
C) water is slightly alkaline.
D) hydrogen and hydroxide ions are equal in number.

Question 29

The pH of seawater is important to living organisms because:

A) it can affect the functioning of enzymes.
B) it can interfere with metabolism.
C) it can affect growth.
D) All the above.

Question 30

The oxygen minimum layer is found

A) in the ocean trenches.
B) mid-ocean.
C) just below the sunlit surface.
D) at the surface.
E) just above the abyssal plain.

Question 31

The pH scale is a measure of:

A) how many degrees a professor has.
B) the temperature of water.
C) concentration of hydrogen ion in a volume of solution.
D) concentration of hydroxide ions in a volume of solution.

Question 32

Salinity is expressed in parts per

A) hundred.
B) thousand.
C) ten thousand.
D) hundred thousand.
E) million.

Question 33

When a shallow extension of the sea dries out it leaves salt deposits called:

A) participates.
B) conglomerates.
C) evaporites.
D) rock salt.
E) sedimentary layers.

Question 34

The average salinity of seawater is ____⁰/₀₀.

A) 35
B) 37
C) 40
D) 45
E) 50

Question 35

Salts are removed from the oceans primarily by

A) absorption by living organisms.
B) removal by sea spray.
C) evaporation.
D) adsorption onto particles.

Question 36

The salinity of seawater at the equator is:

A) high due to evaporation.
B) low due to precipitation.
C) high due to freezing.
D) low due to river input.

Question 37

The two main factors controlling the density of water are:

A) salinity and temperature.
B) salinity and heat capacity.
C) salinity and pH.
D) pH and heat capacity.
E) temperature and pH.

Question 38

The following are considered greenhouse gases except:

A) nitrogen.
B) carbon dioxide.
C) methane.
D) chlorofluorocarbons.

Question 39

In terms of gas solubility in sea water, what is the correct relationship?

A) Carbon dioxide > oxygen > nitrogen
B) Oxygen > carbon dioxide > nitrogen
C) Nitrogen > carbon dioxide > oxygen
D) Carbon dioxide > nitrogen > oxygen
E) Oxygen > nitrogen > carbon dioxide

Question 40

A zone of rapid temperature change is called a(n):

A) pycnocline.
B) thermocline.
C) halocline.
D) isocline.

Question 41

The capillary action of water is a result of the adhesive properties of water.

Question 42

The thermal capacity of water is due to the strong covalent bonds between the hydrogen and oxygen of a water molecule.

Question 43

Tsunamis are usually:

A) deep-water waves.
B) shallow-water waves.
C) wind waves.
D) capillary waves.
E) the result of winter storms.

Question 44

On the pH scale, numbers below 7 indicate acidic solutions.

Question 45

The density of air increases with:

A) increasing temperature.
B) decreasing pressure.
C) increasing moisture.
D) decreasing moisture.

Question 46

A Class 4 hurricane is centered over Bermuda (latitude 32.20 N) and is moving eastwards. Which coastal city on the eastern coast of the United States is in the most peril from its approach?

A) Savannah, GA (latitude 32.08 N)
B) Jacksonville, FL (latitude 30.32 N)
C) Wilmington, NC (latitude 34.23 N)
D) Boston, MA (latitude 42.36 N)

Question 47

The Coriolis effect is:

A) the downwelling of seawater at the equator.
B) the upwelling of seawater at the equator.
C) the apparent deflection of the path of air and water.
D) the reduction of air speed over the ground as one goes from the equator to the poles.

Question 48

A common generating force for surface waves in the oceans is:

A) wind.
B) gravity.
C) surface tension.
D) capillary action.
E) undersea tectonic activity.

Question 49

A tidal pattern of two equal high and low tides per day is called a:

A) mixed semidiurnal tide.
B) semidiurnal tide.
C) diurnal tide.
D) spring tide.
E) neap tide.

Question 50

Deep water waves move through water having a depth that is deeper than ____ the wavelength of the wave.

A)


B)


C)
D)


E)

Question 51

The designation of winds is referenced from

A) the direction from which they are coming.
B) the direction towards which they are going.
C) folk lore.
D) the need to throw horses overboard.
E) the direction in relation to the observer's path of travel

Question 52

A falling tide is called a(n):

A) flood tide.
B) spring tide.
C) neap tide.
D) ebb tide.
E) mixed tide.

Question 53

You are on the beach at Corpus Christi, Texas. High tide falls at noon. When will be the next high tide?

A) 6 pm that evening.
B) 12 hours later, at midnight.
C) 6 am the next morning.
D) noon the next day.

Question 54

Frozen water is more dense than liquid water.

Question 55

The surface tension of water is a result of the cohesive properties of water.

Question 56

Gyres are divided into the following types of currents (named below) except

A) Ekman spiral.
B) eastern boundary.
C) western boundary.
D) transverse.

Question 57

The distance over which wind is blowing is referred to as:

A) fetch.
B) duration.
C) strength.
D) depth.
E) wind span.

Question 58

An isopycnal water column is one in which the density ____ with depth.

A) increases
B) decreases
C) remains the same
D) None of the above.

Question 59

At 30° north and 30° south, air is:

A) cool and rising.
B) moist and rising.
C) moist and falling.
D) dry and falling.
E) dry and rising.

Question 60

The charges on a water molecule are distributed equally.

Question 61

Plunging waves typically occur on very gently sloping coastlines.

Question 62

Trace elements are not important elements for living organisms.

Question 63

Match the Percentage by Volume in the Ocean with the gas.
a.83%
b.11%
c.6%
Oxygen

Question 64

Trace elements dissolved in seawater are present in concentrations less than one part per thousand.

Question 65

As a wave approaches shallow water, its speed is reduced.

Question 66

MATCHING
Match the gas with the most closely associated atmospheric percentage.a.20.99%
b.0.03%
c.78.08%
Oxygen

Question 67

The salinity of the world's oceans is increasing as more salts dissolve in the water.

Question 68

Air in the northern hemisphere is deflected to the left of its direction of movement due to the Coriolis effect.

Question 69

Oceanic surface currents are driven by winds.

Question 70

Capillary waves are small.

Question 71

Match the Percentage by Volume in the Ocean with the gas.
a.83%
b.11%
c.6%
Nitrogen

Question 72

MATCHING
Match the gas with the most closely associated atmospheric percentage.a.20.99%
b.0.03%
c.78.08%
Carbon dioxide

Question 73

Match the Percentage by Volume in the Ocean with the gas.
a.83%
b.11%
c.6%
Carbon dioxide

Question 74

Match the value of water with its property.

-Boiling Point

A)1.00 g/cm³
B)0 ^$\circ$ C
C)100 ^$\circ$ C

Question 75

Tsunamis are the result of the storm surge of hurricanes.

Question 76

MATCHING
Match the gas with the most closely associated atmospheric percentage.a.20.99%
b.0.03%
c.78.08%
Nitrogen

Question 77

Areas between wind convection cells are characterized by having stable and consistent winds.

Question 78

Match the value of water with its property.

-Freezing Point

A)1.00 g/cm³
B)0 ^$\circ$ C
C)100 ^$\circ$ C

Question 79

The concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere is lower than its concentration in the oceans.

Question 80

Surface temperature is more important than salinity in determining density of surface waters in coastal areas.