Deck 7: Multicellular Primary Producers

Question 1

The following are all main points of the article Seaweeds and Medicine, except:

A) Seaweeds have been used for thousands of years for therapeutic purposes.
B) Vitamin C, iodine, and agar are substances found in seaweeds.
C) Phycocolloids are used in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries.
D) It is extremely expensive to extract useful substances from seaweeds.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is the dominant photosynthetic pigment found in all types of algae?

A) Chlorophyll b
B) Chlorophyll c
C) Chlorophyll a
D) Phycoerythrin
E) Chlorophyll d

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The compensation depth refers to:

A) the depth at which seaweed growth compensates for grazers.
B) always 3 times the secchi disk depth.
C) the depth which provides only enough light for photosynthesis but not growth.
D) the depth where competition excludes a species.
E) the depth at which phytoplankton dissolve.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Algae are divided taxonomically into different groups based on differences in:

A) morphology.
B) photosynthetic pigments.
C) habitat.
D) depth distribution.
E) size.

Question 5

Fragmentation is a type of ____ for drift algae, like Sargassum.

A) mechanism that leads to genetic population structure
B) sexual reproduction
C) asexual reproduction
D) response to high water temperature
E) response to herbivory

Question 6

Those green algae that have large cells with multiple nuclei are termed:

A) multinucleate.
B) coenocytic.
C) entronucleate.
D) diploid.
E) haploid.

Question 7

The marine macrophyte group with the highest number of species is:

A) seagrasses.
B) red algae.
C) green algae.
D) brown algae.
E) blue-green algae.

Question 8

Photosynthetic pigments of algae are found in cells within:

A) chloroplasts.
B) nuclei.
C) cell walls.
D) mitochondria.
E) vacuoles.

Question 9

The macroalgae are commonly known as:

A) seagrasses.
B) seaweeds.
C) kelps.
D) higher plants.
E) phytoplankton.

Question 10

The haploid stage of the red algae life cycle is called:

A) sporophyte.
B) zygote.
C) gamete.
D) gametophyte.
E) tetrasporophyte.

Question 11

When two or more separate mutlicellular algae stages occur in succession during the life cycle, we call this:

A) gametangia.
B) fragmentation.
C) sporangium.
D) alternation of generations.

Question 12

The greatest diversity of algae is found at:

A) tropical latitudes.
B) polar latitudes.
C) subtropical latitudes.
D) temperate latitudes.

Question 13

Some algae utilize calcium carbonate to:

A) deter herbivores.
B) aid in maintaining a proper pH balance.
C) assist in photosynthesis.
D) replace mucus.
E) prevent from freezing.

Question 14

Which of these groups of algae could you potentially find in a high mountain lake?

A) red
B) brown
C) green
D) cyanobacteria

Question 15

In colder regions, some macroalgae die off in winter, but others termed ____ live for at least 2 years.

A) perennials
B) annuals
C) eurythermals
D) stenothermals
E) biannuals.

Question 16

The depth distribution of algae is limited by:

A) temperature.
B) pressure.
C) pH.
D) light quality.
E) salinity.

Question 17

Excess sugars stored by high-latitude algae can

A) serve as accessory to cellulose.
B) serve as antifreeze in winter.
C) keep predators away.
D) confuse predators with different colors.
E) protect the algae from wave damage.

Question 18

The phylum of green algae is:

A) Rhodophyta.
B) Chlorophyta.
C) Anthophyta.
D) Dinophyta.
E) Phaeophyta.

Question 19

The color of light that penetrates seawater to the greatest depth in coastal waters is:

A) blue.
B) red.
C) green.
D) orange.
E) yellow

Question 20

Coralline red algae have an outer covering made of:

A) cellulose.
B) calcium carbonate.
C) silica.
D) protein.
E) starch

Question 21

The horizontal stems of seagrasses are called:

A) rhizoids.
B) rhizomes.
C) stipes.
D) blades.
E) holdfasts.

Question 22

Which of the following is false about marine plants?

A) They are common in protected bays.
B) They have xylem and phloem tissues.
C) They are found only in tropical areas.
D) They produce seeds.

Question 23

Brown algae belong to the phylum:

A) Rhodophyta.
B) Chlorophyta.
C) Anthophyta.
D) Phaeophyta.
E) Dinophyta.

Question 24

Flowering plants that are salt tolerant are called

A) algae.
B) conifers.
C) halophytes.
D) sporophytes.
E) haptophytes.

Question 25

Which of the following is false about Sargassum?

A) It is in the division Rhodophyta.
B) Some species are pelagic.
C) It is common in the Gulf Stream.
D) It is buoyed by pnuematocysts.
E) It forms a habitat for animals.

Question 26

An example of a hydrophyte flowering plant that can withstand and thrive under conditions of continued submergence is:

A) cordgrass.
B) pickle weed.
C) salt grass.
D) turtle grass.
E) blue grass.

Question 27

Brown algae can reach up to ____ meters in length.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100
E) 200

Question 28

Red algae are important to biomedical/microbiological laboratories due to the algal production of:

A) carageenan.
B) algin.
C) agar.
D) iodine.
E) starch.

Question 29

____ is an important food additive that is obtained from giant kelp.

A) Carageenan
B) Alginate
C) Agar
D) Dulse
E) Diatomaceous earth

Question 30

Seed-producing plants first evolved ____.

A) on land
B) in freshwater
C) in the ocean
D) in estuaries
E) from red algae ancestors.

Question 31

The diploid stage of the red algae life cycle is called:

A) sporophyte.
B) zygote.
C) gamete.
D) gametophyte.
E) haptophyte.

Question 32

All of the following are hydrophytes except:

A) turtle grass.
B) Zostera.
C) surf grass.
D) cordgrass.

Question 33

Most seagrasses add nutrients into the marine food chain via

A) DOM.
B) detritus.
C) herbivory.
D) marine geese.
E) mucus.

Question 34

The carposporphyte ____.

A) is a gametophyte
B) remains in the female gametoypyte
C) contains four sperm cells
D) is unique to green algae
E) grows into the macroscopic algal form.

Question 35

This structure can grow >50 m long in kelp.

A) Blade
B) Holdfast
C) Stipe
D) Gas bladder
E) Rhizoid.

Question 36

In the giant kelp the large thallus is the ____ life stage.

A) sporophyte
B) carpospore
C) gametophyte
D) zygote
E) tetrasporophyte

Question 37

Brown algae are most diverse and abundant along coastlines ____.

A) at temperate latitudes
B) at the equator
C) bordering the Caribbean
D) bordering the Indo-Pacific
E) in polar regions.

Question 38

Most brown algae start life attached to rocks; a notable exception is:

A) giant kelp.
B) North Atlantic Sargassum.
C) feather boa kelp.
D) Laminaria.
E) Fucus.

Question 39

Marine flowering plants produce ____.

A) a sporophyte
B) a gametophyte
C) tetraspores
D) seeds
E) carpospores.

Question 40

Rockweed have eliminated the ____ life stage.

A) sporophyte
B) carpospore
C) gametophyte
D) zygote
E) tetrasporophyte

Question 41

Mangrove trees have specialized ____ to stabilize the plant in ____.

A) roots, mud
B) holdfast, rocks
C) roots, rocks
D) holdfast, mud
E) roots, sand

Question 42

Springtime vegetative growth in seagrasses is primarily due to metabolism of starch stored in the:

A) roots.
B) leaves.
C) rhizomes.
D) turions.

Question 43

Saltwort (Batis) maintains osmotic balance with

A) succulent stems.
B) salt glands.
C) salt leaves.
D) they cannot maintain osmotic balance; they are osmoconformers.
E) salt filtration mechanisms in the roots.

Question 44

Organisms that grow on the surface of algae and marine plants are specifically called:

A) parasites.
B) mutualists.
C) anthophytes.
D) epiphytes.
E) epizooites.

Question 45

The purpose of specialized lacunae are to:

A) provide structure to the rhizomes.
B) carry oxygen to plant parts.
C) provide buoyancy to the blade.
D) both b and c

Question 46

A mechanism in many salt plants to control osmotic pressure is:

A) to remain as osmoconformers.
B) to have succulent parts.
C) to dry out.
D) to go dormant during periods of high salinity.
E) to drop leaves.

Question 47

Algae can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

Question 48

Mangroves typically occur in/on:

A) tropical and subtropical areas.
B) temperate areas.
C) polar areas.
D) open coasts.
E) sandy beaches.

Question 49

Which of the following has a role in sediment consolidation similar to that of mangroves?

A) red algae.
B) seagrasses.
C) green algae.
D) rockweed.
E) giant kelp.

Question 50

Salt marsh plants differ from seagrasses in that they:

A) are not fully marine plants.
B) require freshwater to reproduce.
C) are intolerant of full strength seawater.
D) are found throughout the world.
E) have roots, while seagrasses do not.

Question 51

Pneumatophores are specialized to:

A) exchange gas.
B) produce nutritive roots.
C) stabilize the plant.
D) both a and b

Question 52

Salt marsh plants play an important ecological role in

A) recycling nutrients.
B) stabilizing sediments.
C) filtering run-off from coastal areas.
D) habitat for small animals.
E) all of the above

Question 53

Marine plants may contribute to the prevention of algal blooms by:

A) trapping sediments.
B) absorbing excess nutrients.
C) removing toxic organic pollutants.
D) producing detritus.
E) blocking sunlight.

Question 54

How are giant kelp and sea grass alike?

A) both contain chlorophyll a
B) both utilize gas-filled spaces for buoyancy
C) both lack conductive tissues and rely on diffusion to transport molecules manufactured by photosynthesis
D) both a and b
E) both b and c

Question 55

In seagrasses the process of water-insoluble fertilization is called

A) hydroponic pollination.
B) hydrophilous pollination.
C) sperm pollination.
D) aquatic insemination.
E) clonal growth.

Question 56

Red algae can only live in deep waters because their photosynthetic pigments are adapted only for these depths.

Question 57

Algae have no vascular tissue.

Question 58

The sporophyte generation of kelp is dominant and larger than the gametophyte.

Question 59

Holdfasts of algae and roots of flowering plants are structurally identical.

Question 60

Bladders on kelp function to anchor the thallus to the substrate.

Question 61

Match the words with the most closely associated algae type.a.gametangia
b.tetrasporophyte
c.zygote
Green algae

Question 62

Match the pigment with the most closely associated algae type.a.fucoxanthin
b.chlorophylls a and b
c.phycoerythrin
Brown algae

Question 63

The sporophyte and gametophyte stages of sea lettuce are not identical.

Question 64

Seagrasses do not produce pollen.

Question 65

The root system of mangroves is extensive and penetrates deep into the sediment.

Question 66

Match the term with the most closely associated term.
a.Tropics
b.Temperate; highest diversity in Indo-West Pacific Ocean
c.Temperate
Mangroves

Question 67

MATCHING
Match the words with the most closely associated algae type.a.Ulva
b.Sargassum
c.Porphyra
Green algae

Question 68

MATCHING
Match the words with the most closely associated algae type.a.Ulva
b.Sargassum
c.Porphyra
Brown algae

Question 69

Match the pigment with the most closely associated algae type.a.fucoxanthin
b.chlorophylls a and b
c.phycoerythrin
Red algae

Question 70

Match the words with the most closely associated algae type.a.gametangia
b.tetrasporophyte
c.zygote
Brown algae

Question 71

Match the words with the most closely associated multicellular producer.
a.rhizomes
b.coralline
c.holdfast
Brown algae

Question 72

Match the pigment with the most closely associated algae type.a.fucoxanthin
b.chlorophylls a and b
c.phycoerythrin
Green algae

Question 73

Seagrasses are not true grasses.

Question 74

Match the words with the most closely associated algae type.a.gametangia
b.tetrasporophyte
c.zygote
Red algae

Question 75

Match the words with the most closely associated multicellular producer.
a.rhizomes
b.coralline
c.holdfast
Red algae

Question 76

MATCHING
Match the words with the most closely associated algae type.a.Ulva
b.Sargassum
c.Porphyra
Red algae

Question 77

Match the words with the most closely associated multicellular producer.
a.rhizomes
b.coralline
c.holdfast
Seagrasses

Question 78

The greatest importance of seagrasses and salt marsh plants as a source of food is that they are eaten directly by invertebrates and wildlife.

Question 79

Match the term with the most closely associated term.
a.Tropics
b.Temperate; highest diversity in Indo-West Pacific Ocean
c.Temperate
Marsh plants

Question 80

Match the term with the most closely associated term.
a.Tropics
b.Temperate; highest diversity in Indo-West Pacific Ocean
c.Temperate
Seagrasses