Deck 8: Lower Invertebrates

Question 1

Sponges live a(n) ____ lifestyle.

A) planktonic.
B) infaunal.
C) nektonic.
D) sessile.
E) neustonic

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Sponges often compete with other organisms for:

A) food.
B) space.
C) light.
D) nutrients.
E) mating.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Water exits the sponge spongocoel through the:

A) choanocytes.
B) spicules.
C) ostia.
D) osculum.
E) pinocytes

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Sponges are considered:

A) animals.
B) plants.
C) fungi.
D) bacteria.
E) Archaea.

Question 5

The type of feeding in sponges classifies them as:

A) grazers.
B) scrapers.
C) graspers.
D) filter-feeders.
E) omnivores.

Question 6

The skeletal elements that give support to a sponge's body are called

A) choanocytes.
B) spongin.
C) spicules.
D) collar cells.
E) porocytes.

Question 7

Reproduction in sponges includes all except:

A) budding.
B) sexual.
C) fragmentation.
D) cloning.

Question 8

A sponge body type with many chambers lined with collar cells is called:

A) asconoid.
B) syconoid.
C) leuconoid.
D) hexactinellida.
E) demospongoid.

Question 9

Sponges can have skeletons made of all these materials except:

A) silica.
B) calcium carbonate.
C) starch.
D) spongin.
E) protein.

Question 10

____ are cells that move through the sponge's body.

A) Collar cells
B) Pinococytes
C) Archaeocytes
D) Spongin
E) Spicules

Question 11

A sponge body type consisting of one spongocoel having many folds is called:

A) asconoid.
B) syconoid.
C) leuconoid.
D) hexactinellida.
E) demospongoid.

Question 12

The form of the sponge body can best be described as having

A) radial symmetry.
B) asymmetry.
C) bilateral symmetry.
D) dorsal-ventral symmetry.
E) pentamerous symmetry.

Question 13

Cnidocytes are stinging cells that are characteristic of the phylum:

A) Porifera.
B) Annelida.
C) Echinodermata.
D) Cnidaria.
E) Ctenophora.

Question 14

Sponges avoid predators by:

A) seeking sheltered locations.
B) having spicules.
C) producing toxins.
D) both b and c
E) a and b only.

Question 15

A flagellated cell involved in bringing water into the spongocoel of sponges is called a(n):

A) spicule.
B) choanocyte.
C) osculum.
D) ostium.
E) pinocyte.

Question 16

Sponges belong to the phylum:

A) Porifera.
B) Cnidaria.
C) Platyhelminthes.
D) Nematoda.
E) Tubularia.

Question 17

Which of the following is false about animals?

A) they are multicellular.
B) they are heterotrophic.
C) they are autotrophs.
D) they lack cell walls.
E) most can actively move.

Question 18

The feeding biology of sponges is referred to as:

A) grazing.
B) filter feeding.
C) carnivory.
D) deposit feeding.
E) omnivory

Question 19

Large sponges belonging to the class ____ are harvested for commercial use.

A) Hexactinellida
B) Sclerospongia
C) Spheciospongia
D) Demospongia
E) Calcarea

Question 20

Water enters the sponge spongocoel through the:

A) choanocytes.
B) spicules.
C) ostia.
D) osculum.
E) pinocytes.

Question 21

The flatworms have ____ symmetry.

A) radial.
B) asymmetric.
C) bilateral.
D) spherical.
E) pentamerous.

Question 22

Common octocorals are the:

A) sea pens.
B) gorgonians.
C) sea anemones.
D) fire corals.
E) sea nettles.

Question 23

Colonial cnidarians that exhibit both the polyp stage and the medusa stage in their life cycles are:

A) hydrozoans.
B) scyphozoans.
C) cubozoans.
D) anthozoans.
E) bryozoans.

Question 24

Flatworms can reproduce:

A) asexually.
B) sexually.
C) by reciprocal copulation.
D) all of the above

Question 25

You are walking along the beach and see the remains of an unknown animal washed up on shore. You examine its characteristics and see that it is gelatinous, transparent, bilaterally symmetric, and lacks tentacles. You provisionally identify its phylum according to which choice?

A) Gelatinous body rules out Cnidaria.
B) Lack of tentacles rules out Cnidaria.
C) Bilateral symmetry rules out Platyhelminthes.
D) Transparent body rules out Ctenophora.

Question 26

The Cnidarians possess:

A) a water vascular system.
B) bi-lateral symmetry.
C) stinging cells.
D) spicules.
E) setae.

Question 27

The nematocysts of cnidarians are produced within the:

A) cnidocytes.
B) cnidocils.
C) statocysts.
D) mouths.
E) pneumatocysts.

Question 28

An example of a member of the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria is:

A) Portuguese man-o-war.
B) jellyfish.
C) sea anemone.
D) sea wasp.
E) hydroid.

Question 29

Animals with eight rows of comb plates are called:

A) jellyfish.
B) seastars.
C) ctenophores.
D) polycheates.
E) octocorals.

Question 30

Jellyfish and box jellyfish are:

A) hydrozoans.
B) scyphozoans.
C) anthozoans.
D) bryozoans.
E) protozoans.

Question 31

Cnidarians that exhibit only the polyp stage in their life cycle are:

A) hydrozoans.
B) scyphozoans.
C) cubozoans.
D) anthozoans.
E) bryozoans.

Question 32

Which of the following is not a member of the phylum Platyhelminthes?

A) fluke
B) tapeworm
C) flatworm
D) ribbon worm

Question 33

The Portuguese man-o-war is a member of the class:

A) Hydrozoa.
B) Scyphozoa.
C) Cubozoa.
D) Anthozoa.
E) Bryozoa.

Question 34

The cnidarians have an incomplete gut (having only one opening) called the:

A) nematocyst.
B) coelom.
C) gastrovascular cavity.
D) pseudointestine.
E) spongeocoel.

Question 35

Clown fishes form symbiotic relationships with members of this group of cnidarians:

A) siphonophores.
B) hydrozoans.
C) anthozoans.
D) scyphozoans.
E) bryozoans.

Question 36

Representatives of free living flatworms are:

A) turbellarians.
B) cestodes.
C) trematodes.
D) tapeworms.
E) polychaetes.

Question 37

Most species of ctenophore are:

A) haploid.
B) male or female only.
C) hermaphroditic.
D) asexual.
E) none of the above

Question 38

Cnidarians have ____ symmetry.

A) radial.
B) asymmetric.
C) bilateral.
D) dorsal-ventral.
E) pentamerous

Question 39

Ctenophores feed on:

A) phytoplankton.
B) benthic algae.
C) planktonic animals.
D) detritus.
E) DOM.

Question 40

The benthic jellyfish ____ traps plankton to feed on.

A) Rhizophysa sp.
B) Cassiopeia sp.
C) Anthopleura sp.
D) Fungia sp.

Question 41

Sponges feed on attached algae.

Question 42

Colonial animals called moss animals (due to their white encrustations or fuzzy growths) are:

A) phoronids.
B) bryozoans.
C) brachiopods.
D) anemones.
E) hydroids.

Question 43

Collar cells of sponges function in moving water through the sponge's body.

Question 44

Sponges are heavily preyed upon by marine fishes.

Question 45

Water enters the spongocoel through the osculum.

Question 46

Asexual reproduction in sponges is by binary fission.

Question 47

Ribbon worms use their ____ for capturing prey.

A) epitoke
B) proboscis
C) pharynx
D) lophophore
E) choanocytes

Question 48

Ribbon worms belong to the phylum:

A) Nemertea.
B) Platyhelminthes.
C) Arthropoda.
D) Ctenophora.
E) Cnidaria.

Question 49

Both cnidarians and ctenophores manufacture their own nematocysts for capturing prey.

Question 50

True jellyfish belong to the class Scyphozoa of the phylum Cnidaria.

Question 51

Asconoid sponges are usually the smallest of all sponges.

Question 52

Sponges can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

Question 53

Which is not a lophophorate?

A) Phoronida
B) Ectoprocta
C) Brachiopods
D) Flukes & tapeworms
E) Lamp shells

Question 54

Turbellarians detect small prey items using chemoreceptors.

Question 55

How could you tell the difference between a brachiopod and a clam?

A) brachiopod is sessile, clam is not
B) brachiopod has two valves, clam does not
C) brachiopod has a fleshy stalk (pedicel), clam does not
D) brachiopod is a filter feeder, clam is not

Question 56

Ctenophores are lined with 10 rows of long tentacles used for locomotion.

Question 57

All of the following have bilateral symmetry except:

A) Nemertea.
B) Phoronids.
C) Ctenophora.
D) Platyhelminthes.

Question 58

Animals that live in the spaces between fine sediment grains are specifically called:

A) infauna.
B) epiphytic.
C) meiofauna.
D) epifauna.
E) epizoa.

Question 59

The primary feeding type for lophophorates is:

A) scavengers.
B) attachment predators.
C) herbivores.
D) filter feeders.
E) infaunal detritivores.

Question 60

Which of the following is not bilaterally symmetric?

A) turbellarian
B) lamp shell
C) ribbon worm
D) phoronid
E) comb jelly

Question 61

Match the dominant stage with the class it is most closely associated with.
a.polyp
b.medusa and polyp
c.medusa
Hydrozoan

Question 62

Match the ecological role with the animal group it is most closely associated with.
a.Carnivores on zooplankton
b.Filter feeders
c.Carnivores on benthic infauna
Ctenophora

Question 63

Match the words with the animals they are most closely associated with.
a.comb plates
b.filter feeder
c.reef forming
Porifera

Question 64

Match the ecological role with the animal group it is most closely associated with.
a.Carnivores on zooplankton
b.Filter feeders
c.Carnivores on benthic infauna
Nemertea

Question 65

Cephalization is the evolutionary tendency toward the concentration of sense organs at one end of the body of bilateral animals.

Question 66

Ribbon worms (phylum Nemertea) primarily feed on sediment, as earthworms do.

Question 67

Match the dominant stage with the class it is most closely associated with.
a.polyp
b.medusa and polyp
c.medusa
Anthozoan

Question 68

Match the ecological role with the animal group it is most closely associated with.
a.Carnivores on zooplankton
b.Filter feeders
c.Carnivores on benthic infauna
Porifera

Question 69

Match the sponge type with the description of body plan.
a.Complex folding
b.Vase shape
c.Simple folding
Leuconoid

Question 70

MATCHING
Match the characteristic with the most closely associated animal group.
a.bilateral symmetry
b.many types are asymmetric
c.radially symmetric
Porifera

Question 71

Match the words with the animals they are most closely associated with.
a.comb plates
b.filter feeder
c.reef forming
Ctenophora

Question 72

Match the words with the animals they are most closely associated with.
a.Cilia for locomotion
b.Collar cells
c.Stinging cells
Porifera

Question 73

Match the sponge type with the description of body plan.
a.Complex folding
b.Vase shape
c.Simple folding
Syconoid

Question 74

Match the dominant stage with the class it is most closely associated with.
a.polyp
b.medusa and polyp
c.medusa
Scyphozoan

Question 75

MATCHING
Match the characteristic with the most closely associated animal group.
a.bilateral symmetry
b.many types are asymmetric
c.radially symmetric
Platyhelminthes

Question 76

Match the words with the animals they are most closely associated with.
a.Cilia for locomotion
b.Collar cells
c.Stinging cells
Platyhelminthes

Question 77

Match the words with the animals they are most closely associated with.
a.Cilia for locomotion
b.Collar cells
c.Stinging cells
Cnidaria

Question 78

MATCHING
Match the characteristic with the most closely associated animal group.
a.bilateral symmetry
b.many types are asymmetric
c.radially symmetric
Ctenophora

Question 79

Match the words with the animals they are most closely associated with.
a.comb plates
b.filter feeder
c.reef forming
Cnidaria

Question 80

Match the sponge type with the description of body plan.
a.Complex folding
b.Vase shape
c.Simple folding
Asconoid